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THE INSTRVCTIONS of Cardinall Sermonetta to his Cousin Petro Caetano at his going to serue the Duke of Parma. THE INSTRUCTIONS of Cardinal Sermonetta to his cousin Peter Caetano At his going to serve the Duke of Parma.
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MOST noble Lord, your Lordship shall follow on your voyage with such Orders and Advertisements as you haue already,
MOST noble Lord, your Lordship shall follow on your voyage with such Order and Advertisements as you have already,
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and you shall write from every place as hither to you haue done, to the end that by every Poste that commeth to Rome, it may bee knowne where you arriue from place to place;
and you shall write from every place as hither to you have done, to the end that by every Post that comes to Room, it may be known where you arrive from place to place;
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if betweene the day of your Lordships Arrivall at the Campe, or wheresoeuer the Prince is,
if between the day of your Lordship's Arrival At the Camp, or wheresoever the Prince is,
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and the dispatch of the next messenger for the parts of Italy, you can be more then once in the Company of the Paymaster of the Armie, you shall endeavour to learne the state of this Warre,
and the dispatch of the next Messenger for the parts of Italy, you can be more then once in the Company of the Paymaster of the Army, you shall endeavour to Learn the state of this War,
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and what is done, and what is meant to be done for the Kings service.
and what is done, and what is meant to be done for the Kings service.
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For by these meanes in your first Letters you may giue some Advertisemēts of matters that passe in that Province, you shall be a great Comfort to these most Honourable Lords,
For by these means in your First Letters you may give Some Advertisements of matters that pass in that Province, you shall be a great Comfort to these most Honourable lords,
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and your Allegiance shall breed great Honour to your selfe.
and your Allegiance shall breed great Honour to your self.
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Howbeit your Lordship must beware that you write not any thinge which in case your Letters should miscarry, might hurt either you, or any other.
Howbeit your Lordship must beware that you write not any thing which in case your Letters should miscarry, might hurt either you, or any other.
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And in this manner I pray you proceed, vntill such time as some Cipher be appointed between vs. Let it not greiue your Lordship to write:
And in this manner I pray you proceed, until such time as Some Cipher be appointed between us Let it not grieve your Lordship to write:
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for it will profit your selfe, and serue and satisfie their turnes, whom it doth concerne:
for it will profit your self, and serve and satisfy their turns, whom it does concern:
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Note breifly in leafe of Paper such things as you shall learne, or come into your minde to write,
Note briefly in leaf of Paper such things as you shall Learn, or come into your mind to write,
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or make a remembrance of them;
or make a remembrance of them;
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when you write set that lease before you, and when you haue written your Letters, deface your note.
when you write Set that lease before you, and when you have written your Letters, deface your note.
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Make also a Liste of their names, to whom you write from time to time: For so you shall not incurre the want of memory.
Make also a List of their names, to whom you write from time to time: For so you shall not incur the want of memory.
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In your Letters, which are to be shewed vnto others, insert no matter, or advise, or any other thinge that may not be shewed:
In your Letters, which Are to be showed unto Others, insert no matter, or Advice, or any other thing that may not be showed:
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Your Letters that containe diverse matters, write distinctly in severall branches or heads, and doe not make your writing a continued draught.
Your Letters that contain diverse matters, write distinctly in several branches or Heads, and do not make your writing a continued draught.
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Keepe Coppies of such Letters as seeme to be of importance:
Keep Copies of such Letters as seem to be of importance:
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Keepe your Letters by you when they are written, and neuer close them, till the Poste hath his dispatch:
Keep your Letters by you when they Are written, and never close them, till the Post hath his dispatch:
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for so you shall not be cloyed with too much matter; and besides, you may adde if need be.
for so you shall not be cloyed with too much matter; and beside, you may add if need be.
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If you write many Letters to one man, which are to be read in order, marke them in the Endorsment thus 1a, 2a, 3a, &c:
If you write many Letters to one man, which Are to be read in order, mark them in the Endorsement thus 1a, 2a, 3a, etc.:
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and so let them be tied vp orderly in the packet. Your Lordship must Answere Letters and satisfie every man;
and so let them be tied up orderly in the packet. Your Lordship must Answer Letters and satisfy every man;
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except no person, although he be a man of no accompt. Reade and reade againe the Letters more then once which you shall receiue;
except no person, although he be a man of no account. Read and read again the Letters more then once which you shall receive;
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marke the words and such things as are to be noted in them; Lay them before you when you Answer them;
mark the words and such things as Are to be noted in them; Lay them before you when you Answer them;
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Reade them over againe and trust not your memory.
Read them over again and trust not your memory.
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Keepe Letters of importance, for at some time or other they may serue either for justification, or for a warning;
Keep Letters of importance, for At Some time or other they may serve either for justification, or for a warning;
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Burne those that cannot bee kept without danger.
Burn those that cannot be kept without danger.
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There shall be sent to your Lordship a Cypher with the declarations thereof, and the points to be obserued therein;
There shall be sent to your Lordship a Cypher with the declarations thereof, and the points to be observed therein;
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to the end you may write euer with securitie.
to the end you may write ever with security.
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Get the familiaritie and good will of the Post-master by making much of him, & some times presenting him with somewhat:
Get the familiarity and good will of the Postmaster by making much of him, & Some times presenting him with somewhat:
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for you shall haue great vse of him & particularly you shall bee partaker of divers Advertisements that come from many Countries,
for you shall have great use of him & particularly you shall be partaker of diverse Advertisements that come from many Countries,
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and shall be one of the first that shall knowe them; He will giue you intelligence daily when there is any dispatch;
and shall be one of the First that shall know them; He will give you intelligence daily when there is any dispatch;
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His Packets will carry credit, and so your Letters shall haue safe and speedy delivery.
His Packets will carry credit, and so your Letters shall have safe and speedy delivery.
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Your Father at your Lord (hips going into Flanders, did write to the Kings Majestie,
Your Father At your Lord (hips going into Flanders, did write to the Kings Majesty,
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and his Letter was to this effect;
and his letter was to this Effect;
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That now it is thirteene yeares agoe, since he dedicated his service to his Majestie with a purpose to purchase of him the name and desert of a Servant,
That now it is thirteene Years ago, since he dedicated his service to his Majesty with a purpose to purchase of him the name and desert of a Servant,
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for that till then he could not serue him but only in very small matters. That every day he did feele more and more the sting of devotion and dutie.
for that till then he could not serve him but only in very small matters. That every day he did feel more and more the sting of devotion and duty.
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That to supplie the defect of fitt occasions, he did send Peter his eldest Sonne into Flanders, to the end, hee should serue his Majestie in the warre vnder the Order,
That to supply the defect of fit occasions, he did send Peter his eldest Son into Flanders, to the end, he should serve his Majesty in the war under the Order,
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and Obedience of the Prince, the governour of those Provinces.
and obedience of the Prince, the governor of those Provinces.
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That aboue all things hee desireth to his goodwill, and his Sonnes, there want no occasion to Fortune;
That above all things he Desires to his goodwill, and his Sons, there want no occasion to Fortune;
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Beseeching his Majestie to Vouchsafe the admittance of this his resolution, which though it neuer availe any other,
Beseeching his Majesty to Vouchsafe the admittance of this his resolution, which though it never avail any other,
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yet it shall at the least make manifest, that in the services of his Majestie, he hath pawned the person of his Sonne as a gage of his Faith.
yet it shall At the least make manifest, that in the services of his Majesty, he hath pawned the person of his Son as a gage of his Faith.
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To this effect your Lordship shall speake and write to the Kings officers, to the end that both with his Majestie and them, there may be a Correspondence of speech and writing,
To this Effect your Lordship shall speak and write to the Kings Officers, to the end that both with his Majesty and them, there may be a Correspondence of speech and writing,
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and so they may bee perswaded, that you are gone thither to serue and deserue.
and so they may be persuaded, that you Are gone thither to serve and deserve.
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The Prince (as your Lordship knowes) is his Catholique Majesties Lieutennant in the Lowe Countries and Commandeth the' Kings forces,
The Prince (as your Lordship knows) is his Catholic Majesties Lieutenant in the Low Countries and Commands the Kings forces,
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and hath Soveraigne Authority in all things;
and hath Sovereign authority in all things;
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and therefore it is to be presupposed that if you will serue the King, you must serue the Prince,
and Therefore it is to be presupposed that if you will serve the King, you must serve the Prince,
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and that serving his excellency you serue his Majestie.
and that serving his excellency you serve his Majesty.
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And for as much as to serue, and not satisfie is a kind of not serving;
And for as much as to serve, and not satisfy is a kind of not serving;
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your Lordship must resolue with your selfe, so to doe, that the Prince may be serued by you to his satisfaction;
your Lordship must resolve with your self, so to do, that the Prince may be served by you to his satisfaction;
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and think with your selfe that he will then be satisfied with your service, when you shall serue him well,
and think with your self that he will then be satisfied with your service, when you shall serve him well,
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and well you cannot serue him, vnlesse you make your selfe actiue & of good capacitie:
and well you cannot serve him, unless you make your self active & of good capacity:
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In this point therefore it is necessarie for you to bestowe all your travell and industrie,
In this point Therefore it is necessary for you to bestow all your travel and industry,
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and to learne that which you doe not yet knowe; which in my Opinion is of two sorts: One belonging to the exercise of warre;
and to Learn that which you do not yet know; which in my Opinion is of two sorts: One belonging to the exercise of war;
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the other to the honour, and particular manners of his Excellencie.
the other to the honour, and particular manners of his Excellency.
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For it is not enough for a Captaine to know the Arte of warfare, but it behooveth him also to know how to vse it according to the Honour and pleasure,
For it is not enough for a Captain to know the Art of warfare, but it behooveth him also to know how to use it according to the Honour and pleasure,
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and proper manner of his Generall.
and proper manner of his General.
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This being presupposed, your Lordship shall seeke to haue full information of the Province of Flanders,
This being presupposed, your Lordship shall seek to have full information of the Province of Flanders,
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and to learne vpon whom it boundeth, of what Compasse it is, on what side it may be avoyded or not, into how many parts it is divided, by what name or Title every part of it is called;
and to Learn upon whom it bounds, of what Compass it is, on what side it may be avoided or not, into how many parts it is divided, by what name or Title every part of it is called;
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what Sea, what Haven, what Mountaines, what Rivers, what Lakes, what Marishes it hath, and such other places of marke or note.
what Sea, what Haven, what Mountains, what rivers, what Lake's, what Marshes it hath, and such other places of mark or note.
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The things likewise wherewith it aboundeth, what it wanteth, to whom it yeeldeth any thinge,
The things likewise wherewith it Aboundeth, what it Wants, to whom it yields any thing,
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and of whom it receiueth any thinge, (I meane of such things as the Countrie breedeth or breedeth not,
and of whom it receiveth any thing, (I mean of such things as the Country breeds or breeds not,
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as Cattle, Fruits of the earth, and mines, and moreover their Trades, & Labourers; Also their Citties, and Especially their principalls;
as Cattle, Fruits of the earth, and mines, and moreover their Trades, & Labourers; Also their Cities, and Especially their principals;
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how bigg they be, how well built, how stronge, how populous, how rich, their noble Families, and their wealth; their Adherents;
how big they be, how well built, how strong, how populous, how rich, their noble Families, and their wealth; their Adherents;
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in what reputation and credit, and how affected one towards another, the natures and conditions of the men;
in what reputation and credit, and how affected one towards Another, the nature's and conditions of the men;
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to what they are most apt, and to what they are vnapt; and to what things they applie themselues most and least;
to what they Are most apt, and to what they Are unapt; and to what things they apply themselves most and least;
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their Religion, their Iudgements, their Customes and the manner of their government. The Kings revenue in what it consisteth;
their Religion, their Judgments, their Customs and the manner of their government. The Kings revenue in what it Consisteth;
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whether it may be augmented or no, and how, and how much;
whither it may be augmented or no, and how, and how much;
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To the knowledge of these things your Lordship must Adde the Originall & cause of this Warre, the true causes, the pretended causes of it, the principall causes and the secundary,
To the knowledge of these things your Lordship must Add the Original & cause of this War, the true Causes, the pretended Causes of it, the principal Causes and the secondary,
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how Flanders was governed by the Duke D'alua, how by the great Commander of Castile, how by Don John of Austria, and how it is now governed by this Prince;
how Flanders was governed by the Duke D'alua, how by the great Commander of Castile, how by DONE John of Austria, and how it is now governed by this Prince;
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The diversities and the likenesse of their governments, their errors which they haue committed, which are amended and which not; and how they were amended;
The diversities and the likeness of their governments, their errors which they have committed, which Are amended and which not; and how they were amended;
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the profitable provisions & consultations that haue bin put in execution, or not, with their good, or evill successe;
the profitable provisions & Consultations that have been put in execution, or not, with their good, or evil success;
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The forces of the Rebells, the aide and reliefe which they haue, how sound, how durable it is;
The forces of the Rebels, the aid and relief which they have, how found, how durable it is;
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The expenses that runne vpon the King, and the Warre, whether it may be finished or not;
The expenses that run upon the King, and the War, whither it may be finished or not;
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if it may, why it is delayed; if not, what they expect, and what it is they feare;
if it may, why it is delayed; if not, what they expect, and what it is they Fear;
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Your Lordship must vse all dilligence to know the situation of the Fortresses, that are of greatest name and importance, in all the Prouince;
Your Lordship must use all diligence to know the situation of the Fortresses, that Are of greatest name and importance, in all the Province;
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whether they be held by the King, or by his Rebells;
whither they be held by the King, or by his Rebels;
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vnderstanding the wants of euery one of them, how they may be woone and kept, what number of Souldiers is necessary for offence & defence;
understanding the Wants of every one of them, how they may be won and kept, what number of Soldiers is necessary for offence & defence;
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what Artillery, what Munition, what Victualls, what Succors, & what impediments, and such other things besides, that may be Learned by men of practice & experience.
what artillery, what Munition, what Victuals, what Succors, & what impediments, and such other things beside, that may be Learned by men of practice & experience.
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These obseruations are to be noted either vnder your designement, or vnder the Situation of the fortresses,
These observations Are to be noted either under your designment, or under the Situation of the fortresses,
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or else in some other conuenient leaues.
or Else in Some other convenient leaves.
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Euery art or profession that a man learneth, is nothing else but a collection of Lessons and rules, seruing to some Certaine end, which are found out and drawne forth of practise and discourse;
Every art or profession that a man learneth, is nothing Else but a collection of Lessons and rules, serving to Some Certain end, which Are found out and drawn forth of practice and discourse;
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And therefore if your Lordship will learne the Art of warfare, you must learne it of them that haue it,
And Therefore if your Lordship will Learn the Art of warfare, you must Learn it of them that have it,
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and marke how they put it in execution, noting their Precepts and obseruing their Actions; It shall be good for your Lordship at all times to be talking of it,
and mark how they put it in execution, noting their Precepts and observing their Actions; It shall be good for your Lordship At all times to be talking of it,
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and yet not with euery body, but onely with such as are cuning and expert, endeauoring your selfe to be eapable and resolued in such things as they shall tell you,
and yet not with every body, but only with such as Are cunning and expert, endeavouring your self to be eapable and resolved in such things as they shall tell you,
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and in such other things as you shall heare of dayly in your ordinary discourses which shall happen:
and in such other things as you shall hear of daily in your ordinary discourses which shall happen:
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For it is very likely that you shall oftentimes heare such matters; but it will not be any profit to you to heare and conceiue them;
For it is very likely that you shall oftentimes hear such matters; but it will not be any profit to you to hear and conceive them;
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if when you haue heard and conceiued them, you should not dispose them in some order and make a remembrance of them.
if when you have herd and conceived them, you should not dispose them in Some order and make a remembrance of them.
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And therefore, I would greatly Commend your Lordship, if you would herein vse your pen, and write the Cases & rules which you shall haue heard;
And Therefore, I would greatly Commend your Lordship, if you would herein use your pen, and write the Cases & rules which you shall have herd;
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And so by little and little you shall make your selfe a rich Treasure-house of Military propositions;
And so by little and little you shall make your self a rich Treasure-house of Military propositions;
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The manner that I would obserue herein, should be to haue my leaues and euery one of them noted with a word, signifiing either a person,
The manner that I would observe herein, should be to have my leaves and every one of them noted with a word, signifying either a person,
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or an instrument or an Action, or some other thing concerning warre;
or an Instrument or an Actium, or Some other thing Concerning war;
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Vnder which word as vnder a generall terme, or head, I would write all the Maximes, the Sayings, the Opinions, the Iudgments,
Under which word as under a general term, or head, I would write all the Maxims, the Sayings, the Opinions, the Judgments,
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and Conceipts, that I 2hould learne belonging to such things, Actions, Instruments, Persons. As for Example.
and Conceits, that I 2hould Learn belonging to such things, Actions, Instruments, Persons. As for Exampl.
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If I should vnderstand that the Pike should be Sixteene foote long, and that it was inuented to keepe out horses, I would referre this saying to the leafe that is noted with the word, Pike.
If I should understand that the Pike should be Sixteene foot long, and that it was invented to keep out Horses, I would refer this saying to the leaf that is noted with the word, Pike.
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And if I should heare that in fight the Arquibusier after he hath discharged his peece, must giue place to the shouldier that standeth next behinde him,
And if I should hear that in fight the Arquibusier After he hath discharged his piece, must give place to the shouldier that Stands next behind him,
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and so retire himselfe to the taile of that rowe, I would place this saying in the leafe that is noted with the word Arquibusier. The like I would doe generally in all other matters that I should happen to heare, appertaining to a Captaine, a Searjant, a Standerd-bearer, a Generall of the Armie; & others;
and so retire himself to the tail of that row, I would place this saying in the leaf that is noted with the word Arquibusier. The like I would do generally in all other matters that I should happen to hear, appertaining to a Captain, a Searjant, a Standard-bearer, a General of the Army; & Others;
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also to Artillerie, to Arquibusiers, to Pikes, and other weapons of defence and offence. Likewise for Victualls, for Munition, for Bagage, and such like;
also to artillery, to Arquibusiers, to Pikes, and other weapons of defence and offence. Likewise for Victuals, for Munition, for Baggage, and such like;
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for Lodging, for marching, for fighting, and other actions of warrefare; and also for the seige of a city;
for Lodging, for marching, for fighting, and other actions of warfare; and also for the siege of a City;
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for the releiuing of it, for Trenching, for Vndermining, for Baterie, and such other workes: To which heads and generall Tearmes, many others may be added;
for the releiuing of it, for Trenching, for Undermining, for Baterie, and such other works: To which Heads and general Terms, many Others may be added;
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Notwithstanding all this it will not be sufficient to learne and write, and make a remembrance of these things,
Notwithstanding all this it will not be sufficient to Learn and write, and make a remembrance of these things,
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vnlesse your Lordship take a delight also to see them put in practice, and to exercise your selfe in them.
unless your Lordship take a delight also to see them put in practice, and to exercise your self in them.
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And therefore you may not omit to be at euerie muster, and at euerie Action,
And Therefore you may not omit to be At every muster, and At every Actium,
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and you must endeauour your selfe to be alwaies one of the first at them, that you may see the beginning, the middle, and the end of all still demanding a reason of all that you 2hall see done;
and you must endeavour your self to be always one of the First At them, that you may see the beginning, the middle, and the end of all still demanding a reason of all that you 2hall see done;
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and wh it is rather thus done then otherwise, and whether it be alwaies so done or not, together witht he differences of places, and times:
and Where it is rather thus done then otherwise, and whither it be always so done or not, together witht he differences of places, and times:
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You shall also endeauour your selfe to yeeld your aide and helpe to the Officers, so that you haue leaue so to doe, in matters that doe not slacken,
You shall also endeavour your self to yield your aid and help to the Officers, so that you have leave so to do, in matters that do not slacken,
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or hinder the Action of the Officers, or engender a confusion or disorder;
or hinder the Actium of the Officers, or engender a confusion or disorder;
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but aboue all, that you doe not trouble the mindes of the said Officers, and that you haue the good will and leaue of the Prince to doe what you doe.
but above all, that you do not trouble the minds of the said Officers, and that you have the good will and leave of the Prince to do what you do.
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I did put your Lordship in minde here at Rome to keep a Diarie. I doe now againe put you in minde of it; for your owne benefit:
I did put your Lordship in mind Here At Room to keep a Diary. I do now again put you in mind of it; for your own benefit:
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you may make a booke to write such things in, as happen from day to day;
you may make a book to write such things in, as happen from day to day;
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wherein you shall write not only the Successes, but also the manner and causes of them;
wherein you shall write not only the Successes, but also the manner and Causes of them;
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For (as you know) euery Action hath its originall vupon some aduice, and he that putteh in execution, keepeth or at least ought to keepe within certaine bounds.
For (as you know) every Actium hath its original vupon Some Advice, and he that putteth in execution, Keepeth or At least ought to keep within certain bounds.
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And thus may your Lordship by all this your paines and travailes with speede obtaine the Habilitie & Vallour, which yet you want.
And thus may your Lordship by all this your pains and travails with speed obtain the Hability & Valour, which yet you want.
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Touching the manner how you are to serue the Prince, in matters of warre, I can say no more vnto you,
Touching the manner how you Are to serve the Prince, in matters of war, I can say no more unto you,
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but that you must endeauour to learne it, and vse all the diligence you can to learne it of those that have notice thereof,
but that you must endeavour to Learn it, and use all the diligence you can to Learn it of those that have notice thereof,
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and so put it in execution.
and so put it in execution.
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Your Lordship must not only serue the Prince well in those things that concerne the Kings seruice,
Your Lordship must not only serve the Prince well in those things that concern the Kings service,
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but in your proceedings with him you must please him, and applie your selfe to the humour and fashion of his Excellency;
but in your proceedings with him you must please him, and apply your self to the humour and fashion of his Excellency;
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thereby to get his loue and fauour.
thereby to get his love and favour.
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The report is, that the Prince standeth vpon termes & keepeth a great Maiestie, so that it is likely (as some thinke) that he will vse with your Lordship termes of great grauitie;
The report is, that the Prince Stands upon terms & Keepeth a great Majesty, so that it is likely (as Some think) that he will use with your Lordship terms of great gravity;
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But because I am of a contrary opinion from them, I must tell you that in this your beginninge, the Prince will either make much of you,
But Because I am of a contrary opinion from them, I must tell you that in this your begin, the Prince will either make much of you,
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and talke familiarlie with you, and so fauour you, and bestow some charge vpon you, or he will doe cleane contrarie, or else he will keepe meane betweene both.
and talk familiarly with you, and so favour you, and bestow Some charge upon you, or he will do clean contrary, or Else he will keep mean between both.
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In the first case I must put your Lordship in minde, that in all your Actions you constantly obserue one perpetual cause of obedience,
In the First case I must put your Lordship in mind, that in all your Actions you constantly observe one perpetual cause of Obedience,
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and reuerence, and the more you shall be honoured, and fauoured by the Prince, so much the more must you shew your selfe reuerent and modest towards him;
and Reverence, and the more you shall be honoured, and favoured by the Prince, so much the more must you show your self reverent and modest towards him;
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not fore-slowing in any sort throughly to performe your dutie; nor in any case taking to your selfe too much libertie, or license by it.
not foreslowing in any sort thoroughly to perform your duty; nor in any case taking to your self too much liberty, or license by it.
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In the second case your Lordship must not take any offence, neither yet distrust him, nor disdaine him;
In the second case your Lordship must not take any offence, neither yet distrust him, nor disdain him;
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Serue him as you ought to doe, and in your seruice shew your good will and constancie,
Serve him as you ought to do, and in your service show your good will and constancy,
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and be not dismaied at any accident, that may peraduenture breede your dislike.
and be not dismayed At any accident, that may Peradventure breed your dislike.
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Consider with your selfe, that the Haughtinesse of the Prince, is either in him by nature,
Consider with your self, that the Haughtiness of the Prince, is either in him by nature,
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and so it is the more excusable, or else it proceedeth from his owne will, his Excellencie thinking with himselfe that it is necessarie for him so to doe, both in respect of the qualitie of his businesse,
and so it is the more excusable, or Else it Proceedeth from his own will, his Excellency thinking with himself that it is necessary for him so to do, both in respect of the quality of his business,
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and of the Gouernment which hee hath; and also because he sustaineth the Authoritie and person of the King there in Flanders:
and of the Government which he hath; and also Because he sustaineth the authority and person of the King there in Flanders:
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from whom we may well say also, that he hath receiued order and commandment so to doe:
from whom we may well say also, that he hath received order and Commandment so to do:
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these two advertisements may declare to your Lordship what course you should keepe in the third case.
these two advertisements may declare to your Lordship what course you should keep in the third case.
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The Prince is Couragious, and some thinke, that he is more venturous then is requisite for a person, that hath vpon him such a charge as he hath;
The Prince is Courageous, and Some think, that he is more venturous then is requisite for a person, that hath upon him such a charge as he hath;
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Considering that the Kings reputation leaneth vpon him, and the safetie also of so much as his Maiestie possesseth in Flanders;
Considering that the Kings reputation leaneth upon him, and the safety also of so much as his Majesty Possesses in Flanders;
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And therefore he was reprooued by the King, when he was wounded at Tornay, for that (Like a Priuate Souldier) Hee would venture himselfe to winne the ditch of the fortresse, with such danger as every man knoweth.
And Therefore he was reproved by the King, when he was wounded At Tornay, for that (Like a Private Soldier) He would venture himself to win the ditch of the fortress, with such danger as every man Knoweth.
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In this respect the Prince loveth resolute men, regardeth them much, and maketh great accompt of them;
In this respect the Prince loves resolute men, Regardeth them much, and makes great account of them;
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His Excellencie plaieth neither at cards nordice, and it is likely that such as are like him should consequently be the more in his favour.
His Excellency playeth neither At cards nordice, and it is likely that such as Are like him should consequently be the more in his favour.
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The Prince loveth one Lady of good qualitie, and taketh great pleasure, that shee should bee Courted & serued by those which esteeme his favour.
The Prince loves one Lady of good quality, and Takes great pleasure, that she should be Courted & served by those which esteem his favour.
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It will become your Lordship also to doe your best to that end, lest otherwise you displease the Prince;
It will become your Lordship also to do your best to that end, lest otherwise you displease the Prince;
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And for the same respect you must likewise abstaine from doing too much, and alwayes remember that a woman is a fraile Creature & a very dangerous thing.
And for the same respect you must likewise abstain from doing too much, and always Remember that a woman is a frail Creature & a very dangerous thing.
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Other matters that touch the minde and honours of the Prince, you must learne of those that vse his companie, wherein your Lordship must imploy your diligence.
Other matters that touch the mind and honours of the Prince, you must Learn of those that use his company, wherein your Lordship must employ your diligence.
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And although it shall bee your office and dutie to serue and attend the Person of a Prince,
And although it shall be your office and duty to serve and attend the Person of a Prince,
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yet you must vnderstand, that too much continuance in so doing, will hurt, and engender a loathing;
yet you must understand, that too much Continuance in so doing, will hurt, and engender a loathing;
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for it maketh the superiour to be a servant as it were, & breedeth him much hinderance and inconvenience.
for it makes the superior to be a servant as it were, & breeds him much hindrance and inconvenience.
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And therefore informe your selfe well, how the Prince disposeth of his time, at what houre he is busie,
And Therefore inform your self well, how the Prince Disposeth of his time, At what hour he is busy,
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when he would be alone, and when he desireth Companie to passe away the time, and with whom;
when he would be alone, and when he Desires Company to pass away the time, and with whom;
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to the end, that while you studie to please him, you doe not importune him, or molest him;
to the end, that while you study to please him, you do not importune him, or molest him;
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In the presence of the Prince speake but little, and speake onelie what you know, and that vpon good occasion.
In the presence of the Prince speak but little, and speak only what you know, and that upon good occasion.
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Premeditate before hand, what you meane to speake to his Excellencie. And doe it resolutelie, and in good order
Premeditate before hand, what you mean to speak to his Excellency. And do it resolutely, and in good order
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To such discourse as shall passe in the presence of the Prince, or when his Excellency doth discourse himselfe, shew your selfe to bee very attentiue, otherwise it will bee thought that you regard neither who speaketh nor what he speaketh.
To such discourse as shall pass in the presence of the Prince, or when his Excellency does discourse himself, show your self to be very attentive, otherwise it will be Thought that you regard neither who speaks nor what he speaks.
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Shew your selfe also capable of such things as are discoursed vpon, that thereby you may breed a good opinion of your sharpnesse and witt.
Show your self also capable of such things as Are discoursed upon, that thereby you may breed a good opinion of your sharpness and wit.
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Likewise giue some token of your opinion and affection touching that which you shall heare, to the end that it may bee seene, that you either like,
Likewise give Some token of your opinion and affection touching that which you shall hear, to the end that it may be seen, that you either like,
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or dislike that which in truth is to be liked, or disliked.
or dislike that which in truth is to be liked, or disliked.
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In all these shewes, you must bee farre from all shadowe of Cunning, but doe it in silence.
In all these shows, you must be Far from all shadow of Cunning, but do it in silence.
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In the presence of the Prince doe not shew your selfe Melancholy, nor thoughtfull;
In the presence of the Prince do not show your self Melancholy, nor thoughtful;
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for sadnesse, and musing offend great Personages, who doe attribute it to the little reuerence that is borne to them,
for sadness, and musing offend great Personages, who do attribute it to the little Reverence that is born to them,
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when a man is present in bodie, and absent from them in minde.
when a man is present in body, and absent from them in mind.
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Such things as the Prince shall tell you, keepe to your selfe, and if you chance to heare them of any other, make you as though they were newes to you,
Such things as the Prince shall tell you, keep to your self, and if you chance to hear them of any other, make you as though they were news to you,
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and bee you alwaies the last man that shall talke of them.
and be you always the last man that shall talk of them.
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There will not want some, that either for their owne priuate interest, or for their freinds sake will request your Lordships intercession for them to the Prince:
There will not want Some, that either for their own private Interest, or for their Friends sake will request your Lordship's Intercession for them to the Prince:
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I must here put you in minde, it will be noe easie matter for you to please them herein;
I must Here put you in mind, it will be no easy matter for you to please them herein;
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For if you obtaine the grant of his Excellencie, he will keepe a reckoning of it;
For if you obtain the grant of his Excellency, he will keep a reckoning of it;
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if you doe not obtaine it, he will think your Lordship is discontented with the repulse.
if you do not obtain it, he will think your Lordship is discontented with the repulse.
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And in truth euery day to be a requesting for other men, may breed a great trouble.
And in truth every day to be a requesting for other men, may breed a great trouble.
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And therefore it shall behooue you in milde to answer those, for whom you denie to make intercession,
And Therefore it shall behoove you in mild to answer those, for whom you deny to make Intercession,
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and to vse some reasonable excuse, that they may goe from you with good contenment.
and to use Some reasonable excuse, that they may go from you with good contentment.
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If you doe make intercession for others, (which by my aduise you shall take vpon you but seldome) let the things which your Lordship shall desire, be iust and fit for you,
If you do make Intercession for Others, (which by my advise you shall take upon you but seldom) let the things which your Lordship shall desire, be just and fit for you,
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and conuenient for the time, not vnusuall to be granted; and if it be possible;
and convenient for the time, not unusual to be granted; and if it be possible;
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let them be a greeable to the Seruice of his Maiestie, and the honour of the Prince.
let them be a agreeable to the Service of his Majesty, and the honour of the Prince.
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The Persons for whom you shall make suite, let them not be odious, nor of ill name.
The Persons for whom you shall make suit, let them not be odious, nor of ill name.
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Before you resolue with your selfe to intreate any grace or fauour for other men,
Before you resolve with your self to entreat any grace or favour for other men,
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first see, and learne throughlie, whether the Person that desireth your Mediation, hath any competitour or no; and who it is;
First see, and Learn throughly, whither the Person that Desires your Mediation, hath any competitor or no; and who it is;
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And if his competitour be supported either by any great person, or by some seruant that is fauoured of the King, or of his Excellencie;
And if his competitor be supported either by any great person, or by Some servant that is favoured of the King, or of his Excellency;
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In case your Lordship obtaine his suite, you must shew that you make great accompt of it;
In case your Lordship obtain his suit, you must show that you make great account of it;
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but in case you doe not obtaine, yet you must shew your selfe to be contented,
but in case you do not obtain, yet you must show your self to be contented,
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and make the Prince beleiue also, that it is so.
and make the Prince believe also, that it is so.
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If the Prince shall commit any seruice to your Lordship, take your comission plaine & distinct;
If the Prince shall commit any service to your Lordship, take your commission plain & distinct;
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reade it and read it againe to his excellencie, and depart not from him with any doubt.
read it and read it again to his excellency, and depart not from him with any doubt.
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If it be long, or if there bee many, or if any importance, take their declarations,
If it be long, or if there be many, or if any importance, take their declarations,
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and Interpretations in writing, and resolue with your selfe rather to importune his Excellencie, then to run into any danger of committing any error.
and Interpretations in writing, and resolve with your self rather to importune his Excellency, then to run into any danger of committing any error.
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In publique Actions haue no regard of degree, or precedencie, and Venture vpon euerie thinge;
In public Actions have no regard of degree, or precedency, and Venture upon every thing;
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Accompt euerie place honourable, & euerie Action worthie of you, and put things in execution in the presence of the Prince,
Account every place honourable, & every Actium worthy of you, and put things in execution in the presence of the Prince,
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as though it were in the presence of the King himselfe;
as though it were in the presence of the King himself;
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and in the absence of the Prince, as though it were in the Eye of his Excellencie.
and in the absence of the Prince, as though it were in the Eye of his Excellency.
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If any man come to complaine himselfe of his greifes to your Lordship, giue him the hearing for once;
If any man come to complain himself of his griefs to your Lordship, give him the hearing for once;
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and make as though you were moued with compassion towards him:
and make as though you were moved with compassion towards him:
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put him in good comfort and extenuate the Iniurie that he pretendeth, but euer excuse the Prince,
put him in good Comfort and extenuate the Injury that he pretendeth, but ever excuse the Prince,
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and exhorte the partie to hold his peace, and be patient;
and exhort the party to hold his peace, and be patient;
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especiallie and aboue all, be very wary in offering or Ministring any Counsell to such Persons;
especially and above all, be very wary in offering or Ministering any Counsel to such Persons;
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For such kinde of men doe not vse alwaies to speake the truth, and oftentimes are very full of infirmities,
For such kind of men do not use always to speak the truth, and oftentimes Are very full of infirmities,
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and commonlie we doe not knowe who is their Aduersarie, nor what they report of vs in secret.
and commonly we do not know who is their Adversary, nor what they report of us in secret.
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If your Lordship be aduised to vse but little Speech in the presence of the Prince, I doe reply and add that your Lordship shall obserue that aduise in the presence of euerie man;
If your Lordship be advised to use but little Speech in the presence of the Prince, I do reply and add that your Lordship shall observe that advise in the presence of every man;
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For silence is aboue all vertues, and saueth a man from infinite errors, But yet I would wish your Lordship so to keepe silence that it may be knowne it is wisedome for the most parte you shall vtter.
For silence is above all Virtues, and Saveth a man from infinite errors, But yet I would wish your Lordship so to keep silence that it may be known it is Wisdom for the most part you shall utter.
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In your demaunds and answeres be modest; In all your questions obserue oportunitie, and in your answeres be breife and sensible.
In your demands and answers be modest; In all your questions observe opportunity, and in your answers be brief and sensible.
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Question with those that know more then your selfe, for so you shall put in execution those aduertisements that serue for your learning. Tell noe Tales;
Question with those that know more then your self, for so you shall put in execution those advertisements that serve for your learning. Tell no Tales;
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Vse no discourses, oppose not your selfe against others; Giue your iudgment or sentence against no man;
Use no discourses, oppose not your self against Others; Give your judgement or sentence against no man;
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Speake well of euerie bodie, Especiallie of those which are in fauour with his Excellencie. Finde fault with no man, vnlesse it be more then necessarie so to doe;
Speak well of every body, Especially of those which Are in favour with his Excellency. Find fault with no man, unless it be more then necessary so to do;
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Blame the Action not the Person: Speake Honourablie of all Nations, and learne what is proper and peculiar to euerie one,
Blame the Actium not the Person: Speak Honourably of all nations, and Learn what is proper and peculiar to every one,
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and what euerie one seeketh and desireth. Giue charge to your seruants that they keep their tongues to themselues;
and what every one seeks and Desires. Give charge to your Servants that they keep their tongues to themselves;
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and prattle not too much of any bodie; For oftentimes it is attributed to the master which is spoken by his familie;
and prattle not too much of any body; For oftentimes it is attributed to the master which is spoken by his family;
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Of the Pope and his fellowes giue good speeches, shew your good contentment & reuerence towards him.
Of the Pope and his Fellows give good Speeches, show your good contentment & Reverence towards him.
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Perswade your selfe that you shall be marked and noted in all things whatsoeuer you say, or doe;
Persuade your self that you shall be marked and noted in all things whatsoever you say, or do;
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and doubt not but that Campes are full of Spies, and the Prince himselfe hath some towards him for that purpose;
and doubt not but that Camps Are full of Spies, and the Prince himself hath Some towards him for that purpose;
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and therefore he will accept in good parte that which they shall tell him, as his good and louing seruants.
and Therefore he will accept in good part that which they shall tell him, as his good and loving Servants.
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And will encourage them to aduertise him of such matters as are for his Seruice. Be familiar with euerie man, but especiallie with such as are of vertue and Vallour;
And will encourage them to advertise him of such matters as Are for his Service. Be familiar with every man, but especially with such as Are of virtue and Valour;
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for they will not only instruct you, but also they will breed your credit: with others keepe familiaritie:
for they will not only instruct you, but also they will breed your credit: with Others keep familiarity:
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for so you shall not offend them, nor haue any enimies;
for so you shall not offend them, nor have any enemies;
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You shall be accompted wise by fitting your selfe to euerie mans humour, and practising with the Italians after the Italian manner, with the Spaniards after the Spanish,
You shall be accounted wise by fitting your self to every men humour, and practising with the Italians After the Italian manner, with the Spanish After the Spanish,
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and with the Flemings after the Flemish manner.
and with the Flemings After the Flemish manner.
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You must be aduised that the people of that Nation are very credulous, suspicious, giuen to Nouelties, and vnthankfull They speake & drink liberally,
You must be advised that the people of that nation Are very credulous, suspicious, given to Novelties, and unthankful They speak & drink liberally,
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& doe hardly bridle the infirmities of the body, much lesse the passions of the minde.
& do hardly bridle the infirmities of the body, much less the passion of the mind.
cc vdb av vvi dt n2 pp-f dt n1, av-d av-dc dt n2 pp-f dt n1.
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Giue courteous entertainment to all but especially to the Princes servants;
Give courteous entertainment to all but especially to the Princes Servants;
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Aboue all, procure the friendship of his Favorites, & of all his servants and officers both publike,
Above all, procure the friendship of his Favorites, & of all his Servants and Officers both public,
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and private, that are in the favour and good grace with his Excellencie;
and private, that Are in the favour and good grace with his Excellency;
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Disdaine no man though he be neuer so base, remembring with your selfe, that in time and place one man may be worth a thousand, especially in occurrents of warre;
Disdain no man though he be never so base, remembering with your self, that in time and place one man may be worth a thousand, especially in occurrents of war;
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Giue no eare to such as report other mens actions, and make a profession of it;
Give no ear to such as report other men's actions, and make a profession of it;
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nor to such as by that meanes seeke to purchase your fauour;
nor to such as by that means seek to purchase your favour;
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Especially if they be reporters of naughty matters, and of such as shall touch great Lords or the person of a Prince;
Especially if they be reporters of naughty matters, and of such as shall touch great lords or the person of a Prince;
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In which case your Lordship must not only be loath to heare them, but also reiect them and cause them to auoide your presence.
In which case your Lordship must not only be loath to hear them, but also reject them and cause them to avoid your presence.
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To those that shall conuerse with you, doe not imparte the evill speeches, that other men shall vtter to you of them;
To those that shall converse with you, do not impart the evil Speeches, that other men shall utter to you of them;
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or at least conceale the Authors name, to the end that through your default there arise no hatred, where none is;
or At least conceal the Authors name, to the end that through your default there arise no hatred, where none is;
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or if there be any, that it be no farther enkindled; and so your Lordship shall not be noted for lightnesse.
or if there be any, that it be no farther enkindled; and so your Lordship shall not be noted for lightness.
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If any iealous or enuious Person seeke to slaunder or preiudice your Lordship privily, know him throughly,
If any jealous or envious Person seek to slander or prejudice your Lordship privily, know him thoroughly,
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and be not deceaued, Obserue his demeanor, & make as though you did not heed him;
and be not deceived, Observe his demeanour, & make as though you did not heed him;
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Especially beware you behaue your selfe well, and goe beyond him in that point;
Especially beware you behave your self well, and go beyond him in that point;
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Entertaine him with all honour, be often in his company, ouercome him in curtesie, and comfort him.
Entertain him with all honour, be often in his company, overcome him in courtesy, and Comfort him.
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To such as he is a friend vnto, doe all the seruice and fauour you can;
To such as he is a friend unto, do all the service and favour you can;
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yea euen vnto such as know it, and peraduenture set forward his euill conceipts.
yea even unto such as know it, and Peradventure Set forward his evil conceits.
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To be breife, auoyd all occasion of breach with him, and if there must needs be a breach, let it be seene, that your Lordship doth it of necessity and iustice,
To be brief, avoid all occasion of breach with him, and if there must needs be a breach, let it be seen, that your Lordship does it of necessity and Justice,
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and that the fault and default is in him.
and that the fault and default is in him.
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With such like Persons and euery body else, though it be your open enemy, keepe good intelligence alwayes when there is any matter in hand touching the seruice of the King, or of the Prince:
With such like Persons and every body Else, though it be your open enemy, keep good intelligence always when there is any matter in hand touching the service of the King, or of the Prince:
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and for the seruice of his Maiesty, or of his Excellencie, lay downe all priuate passion or rancour;
and for the service of his Majesty, or of his Excellency, lay down all private passion or rancour;
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and in case such a Person either for want of knowledge, or of power, or for any other cause what soeuer should runne into danger to commit some error, to the preiudice of the King, or the Prince;
and in case such a Person either for want of knowledge, or of power, or for any other cause what soever should run into danger to commit Some error, to the prejudice of the King, or the Prince;
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your Lordship may not suffer the error to be committed by any meanes, although your Aduersarie thereby might fall into the displeasure of his Mtie or of his Excellency;
your Lordship may not suffer the error to be committed by any means, although your Adversary thereby might fallen into the displeasure of his Mtie or of his Excellency;
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but lend your hand vnto it, although it were a common danger. Dissimulation is necessary for euery man, specially in Armes and in Courts;
but lend your hand unto it, although it were a Common danger. Dissimulation is necessary for every man, specially in Arms and in Courts;
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yet is not euery Dissimulation good and honourable;
yet is not every Dissimulation good and honourable;
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but that onely which tendeth to a good and honest end, and which with the obseruations of due circumstances, denieth not the truth nor goeth against that which is right:
but that only which tendeth to a good and honest end, and which with the observations of due Circumstances, Denieth not the truth nor Goes against that which is right:
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Such kind of Dissimulation is a part and kind of prudence and consisteth for the most part in silence or holding your peace,
Such kind of Dissimulation is a part and kind of prudence and Consisteth for the most part in silence or holding your peace,
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and that for these causes following:
and that for these Causes following:
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Videlicet, not to publish that which another man hath committed to our trust, not to bring any thing to light, vpon knowledg whereof some scandall may ensue;Videlicet, not to publish that which Another man hath committed to our trust, not to bring any thing to Light, upon knowledge whereof Some scandal may ensue;
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not to discouer any designment, which being discouered should not attaine to his purpose;
not to discover any designment, which being discovered should not attain to his purpose;
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not to let others see that wee know the defects of other men, or any euill deeds of others.
not to let Others see that we know the defects of other men, or any evil Deeds of Others.
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For men of euill imperfections & guilty of any defaults, when they are knowne to be such Persons, doe commonly hate them that knowe them to be so;
For men of evil imperfections & guilty of any defaults, when they Are known to be such Persons, do commonly hate them that know them to be so;
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Not to make knowne that we know the thoughts of other men;
Not to make known that we know the thoughts of other men;
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or the hard conceipts which other men haue against vs, or against such as wee loue;
or the hard conceits which other men have against us, or against such as we love;
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or the good affection which other men beare towards those which are our enimies;
or the good affection which other men bear towards those which Are our enemies;
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Not to giue any notice that wee know an offence committed against vs, or that wee doe make so great accompt of it;
Not to give any notice that we know an offence committed against us, or that we do make so great account of it;
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nor to put our selues in any necessity, danger, or destruction by contending to answere,
nor to put our selves in any necessity, danger, or destruction by contending to answer,
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when neither the matter, nor the Person, nor the Place, nor the time doth require it.
when neither the matter, nor the Person, nor the Place, nor the time does require it.
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Lastly not to bring any hurt or shame vpon our selues or others, but to the benefit and honour of our selues and others.
Lastly not to bring any hurt or shame upon our selves or Others, but to the benefit and honour of our selves and Others.
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In all these causes to dissemble with silence is thought to be good, and is not reproueable:
In all these Causes to dissemble with silence is Thought to be good, and is not reprovable:
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And although it seemeth to be a very hard matter to deale thus with our friends in not telling them such things,
And although it seems to be a very hard matter to deal thus with our Friends in not telling them such things,
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as being told them would doe them pleasure and seruice; yet in the cases presupposed, reason would that the greater respect should not be neglected,
as being told them would do them pleasure and service; yet in the cases presupposed, reason would that the greater respect should not be neglected,
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and so we doe our selues the more wrong. But sometimes it falleth out, that wee must also dissemble with speech:
and so we do our selves the more wrong. But sometime it falls out, that we must also dissemble with speech:
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and that falleth out, when wee are driven of necessity to answer: And if a man demande of vs whether a matter be so, or not so;
and that falls out, when we Are driven of necessity to answer: And if a man demand of us whither a matter be so, or not so;
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and what is purposed or conceiued, It is not fit to dissemble with silence, but we must dissemble with answere;
and what is purposed or conceived, It is not fit to dissemble with silence, but we must dissemble with answer;
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and this dissimulatiō requireth more Art. For in such cases speech cannot be avoided, and we are commonly as desirous to keepe our selues from danger in telling a lie,
and this dissimulation requires more Art. For in such cases speech cannot be avoided, and we Are commonly as desirous to keep our selves from danger in telling a lie,
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as from danger in telling a truth;
as from danger in telling a truth;
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Some there are, that in such a case doe vse to dissemble by cutting of their speech, and leaping into another matter;
some there Are, that in such a case do use to dissemble by cutting of their speech, and leaping into Another matter;
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but this doth not alwayes sort to good effect, or at least will not serue the turne.
but this does not always sort to good Effect, or At least will not serve the turn.
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Others there are, which answer they cannot tell;
Others there Are, which answer they cannot tell;
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and this is a fault, because they denie the truth, and say that which is not;
and this is a fault, Because they deny the truth, and say that which is not;
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And therefore the answer must be like to the retreat, which is both without flying, and also without fighting, goods and persons saved;
And Therefore the answer must be like to the retreat, which is both without flying, and also without fighting, goods and Persons saved;
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In making answer three things are wont tobe obserued: first not to deny the truth, secondly not to tell that which wee should not;
In making answer three things Are wont tobe observed: First not to deny the truth, secondly not to tell that which we should not;
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thirdly not to leaue the mind of him that maketh the demande, in the same termes, wherein we found him.
Thirdly not to leave the mind of him that makes the demand, in the same terms, wherein we found him.
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And the answer is so much the more commendable, if it be restrained within these limits;
And the answer is so much the more commendable, if it be restrained within these Limits;
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Although sometimes it is also lawfull to note the demander for his impertinent demands; which may be done either covertly or openly, according to the degrees of the persons,
Although sometime it is also lawful to note the demander for his impertinent demands; which may be done either covertly or openly, according to the Degrees of the Persons,
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and the qualities of the circumstances. There is a dissimulation likewise permitted by exterior shews and by deeds;
and the qualities of the Circumstances. There is a dissimulation likewise permitted by exterior shows and by Deeds;
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and that is, when for the reasons and ends aforesaid, we abstaine from shewing either gladnesse,
and that is, when for the Reasons and ends aforesaid, we abstain from showing either gladness,
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or sorrow, or hope, or feare, or any other affection that is in vs;
or sorrow, or hope, or Fear, or any other affection that is in us;
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and also from making men to thinke that we doe see those things which we doe see,
and also from making men to think that we do see those things which we do see,
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& perceiue those things which we doe perceiue, and finally that wee doe know, deale in,
& perceive those things which we do perceive, and finally that we do know, deal in,
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and desire, that which indeed we doe know, deale in and desire.
and desire, that which indeed we do know, deal in and desire.
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And be it knowne vnto your Lordship that in the whole life of man, and all his actions and businesse, dissimulation is no lesse profitable then Counter-poysons;
And be it known unto your Lordship that in the Whole life of man, and all his actions and business, dissimulation is no less profitable then Counter-poisons;
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and true preseruatiues are in Phisicke: for euen as things doe preserue and keep vs from poyson, and many other euills;
and true preservatives Are in Physic: for even as things do preserve and keep us from poison, and many other evils;
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so doth dissimulation saue vs from many deceipts, and errors, and from infinite other hurtfull things:
so does dissimulation save us from many Deceits, and errors, and from infinite other hurtful things:
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You must know also, that dissimulation being not well vsed, doth discouer your selfe, & bringeth forth an effect quite cōtrary to your meaning, and the present businesse:
You must know also, that dissimulation being not well used, does discover your self, & brings forth an Effect quite contrary to your meaning, and the present business:
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And therefore your Lordship must take heed, that when you keep silence with your tongue, you doe not speake by the motions of your countenance,
And Therefore your Lordship must take heed, that when you keep silence with your tongue, you do not speak by the motions of your countenance,
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nor by other gestures of your body.
nor by other gestures of your body.
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Secondly, that when you dissemble by speaking, you doe not discouer your selfe by such meanes touching the matter you should leaue in doubt;
Secondly, that when you dissemble by speaking, you do not discover your self by such means touching the matter you should leave in doubt;
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And lastly, that if you dissemble by action or outward appearance, you doe it covertly and with great warinesse,
And lastly, that if you dissemble by actium or outward appearance, you do it covertly and with great wariness,
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and that you doe not runne into any extremity. But for as much as in matters which we handle, Fortune hath a great stroke,
and that you do not run into any extremity. But for as much as in matters which we handle, Fortune hath a great stroke,
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and in warre especially hath her principall dominion, your Lordship must watch opportunity, which indeed is the matter and conveniency of your actions,
and in war especially hath her principal dominion, your Lordship must watch opportunity, which indeed is the matter and conveniency of your actions,
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& maketh those things possible, which before could not be brought to passe, & those things easie, which before were hard,
& makes those things possible, which before could not be brought to pass, & those things easy, which before were hard,
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and those things safe, which before were dangerous, and thosethings good and profitable, which before were hurtfull & naught.
and those things safe, which before were dangerous, and thosethings good and profitable, which before were hurtful & nought.
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And therefore keepe these things in your mind alwaies, that you entertaine occasion and opportunity,
And Therefore keep these things in your mind always, that you entertain occasion and opportunity,
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and waite for them, and not prevent them, And doe not as others doe who being impatient in their desires, doe, snatch before their time,
and wait for them, and not prevent them, And do not as Others do who being impatient in their Desires, do, snatch before their time,
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and being desirous to prevent opportunity, doe venture their evill fortune and overthrow them selues. And in case opportunity not offering it selfe, your Lordship be disposed to seeke it,
and being desirous to prevent opportunity, do venture their evil fortune and overthrow them selves. And in case opportunity not offering it self, your Lordship be disposed to seek it,
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then you must seeke it wisely, and with good meanes, because such opportunities as are forced,
then you must seek it wisely, and with good means, Because such opportunities as Are forced,
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and as it were begged, are for the most part neither happie nor commodious, But if opportunity be offered, your Lordship must take knowledge of it.
and as it were begged, Are for the most part neither happy nor commodious, But if opportunity be offered, your Lordship must take knowledge of it.
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And because it is a hard matter to know it, for that it is a hard thinge which is not seene,
And Because it is a hard matter to know it, for that it is a hard thing which is not seen,
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and hath no shape when it doth come, it is comprehended by your mind, if you marke all accidents,
and hath no shape when it does come, it is comprehended by your mind, if you mark all accidents,
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and be attentiue to the end. And for as much as all occasions that are offered are not alwaies to purpose;
and be attentive to the end. And for as much as all occasions that Are offered Are not always to purpose;
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your Lordship must vse great iudgment, which will measure and compare things together, and will discerne and, determine vpon the conueniency there of:
your Lordship must use great judgement, which will measure and compare things together, and will discern and, determine upon the conveniency there of:
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vse all your iudgment herein, and take hold of oportunity, & be alwaies ready to take hold of it.
use all your judgement herein, and take hold of opportunity, & be always ready to take hold of it.
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For fortune commeth and goeth according to the motions of time, and that offer which is made now, (if it be not accepted of vs) a little while after it will proue nothing.
For fortune comes and Goes according to the motions of time, and that offer which is made now, (if it be not accepted of us) a little while After it will prove nothing.
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In the execution of any thing, your Lordship must be, both considerate, and also hardie: for he that feareth, performeth lesse;
In the execution of any thing, your Lordship must be, both considerate, and also hardy: for he that fears, Performeth less;
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and he that vseth no consideration, performeth more then is conuenient; which is the originall of all danger:
and he that uses no consideration, Performeth more then is convenient; which is the original of all danger:
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In execution two things among others are especially reproued;
In execution two things among Others Are especially reproved;
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one is, to execute vnperfectly by not bringing your action to end, and then you shall not with profit finish the oportunity you tooke hold of;
one is, to execute unperfectly by not bringing your actium to end, and then you shall not with profit finish the opportunity you took hold of;
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The other is, that oftentimes an occasion well taken and well executed engendereth another occasion which is better;
The other is, that oftentimes an occasion well taken and well executed engendereth Another occasion which is better;
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And he that either knoweth not this second, or hath no iudgment of it, or taketh no hold of it, defraudeth the publike interest of a good seruice, and himselfe of great glory.
And he that either Knoweth not this second, or hath no judgement of it, or Takes no hold of it, defraudeth the public Interest of a good service, and himself of great glory.
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The last and chiefest Aduertisement, which I haue to giue your Lordship, is this;
The last and chiefest Advertisement, which I have to give your Lordship, is this;
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That when you shall come to any townes, or countries, either of friends or enemies, where Armes and violence shall haue supreme authority,
That when you shall come to any Towns, or countries, either of Friends or enemies, where Arms and violence shall have supreme Authority,
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for the reuerence of God take care that your people abstaine from Churches and Monasteries; that they haue great respect to Ecclesiasticall Persons;
for the Reverence of God take care that your people abstain from Churches and Monasteries; that they have great respect to Ecclesiastical Persons;
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and that they lay no hands vpon sacred things. In all wars it must needs be a great fault not to doe so;
and that they lay no hands upon sacred things. In all wars it must needs be a great fault not to do so;
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much more in this, wherein the cause of religion is handled, and the Iustice of the Catholique King.
much more in this, wherein the cause of Religion is handled, and the justice of the Catholic King.
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And this to doe beseemeth you farre more then any other, because you are a subject of the Holy Church,
And this to do beseems you Far more then any other, Because you Are a Subject of the Holy Church,
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and of an house that hath many Cardinalls and Prelates;
and of an house that hath many Cardinals and Prelates;
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and because you haue not only deserved well of the See Apostolique, but also you haue receiued and acknowledged many benefits and honours for the same.
and Because you have not only deserved well of the See Apostolic, but also you have received and acknowledged many benefits and honours for the same.
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The Lord God blesse you, and grant vnto you so much of his grace, as you shall feare and honour him, The Lord God bless you, and grant unto you so much of his grace, as you shall Fear and honour him,
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and shew it in your Actions. Amenand show it in your Actions. Amen
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