Aston, Thomas, b. 1649 or 50

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 3
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 16.1% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 10.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 72.8% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.2% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 23.5% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 7.8% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.844
Evenness: 0.903
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Geneva) 15.797
Old Testament (AKJV) 14.158
Apocrypha (AKJV) 1.153
New Testament (Vulgate) 0.822
Old Testament (ODRV) -0.257
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -1.895
New Testament (Tyndale) -3.28
New Testament (ODRV) -4.223
New Testament (Geneva) -4.283
New Testament (AKJV) -5.335
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.98
Book Prominence
Isaiah (Geneva) 5.226
Isaiah (AKJV) 4.959
James (AKJV) 2.404
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 2.325
Joshua (Douay-Rheims) 1.405
Joshua (AKJV) 1.363
Judges (Geneva) 1.343
2 Kings (AKJV) 1.288
4 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.277
2 Timothy (Tyndale) 1.272
2 Thessalonians (AKJV) 1.255
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.243
1 Corinthians (Vulgate) 1.238
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 1.098
Ecclesiastes (Douay-Rheims) 1.093
Philippians (Geneva) 1.079
James (Geneva) 1.07
2 Peter (AKJV) 1.067
1 Peter (ODRV) 1.056
Jeremiah (Geneva) 1.056
Ecclesiastes (Geneva) 1.05
James (ODRV) 1.047
1 John (Tyndale) 1.032
2 Corinthians (Tyndale) 1.031
1 Thessalonians (AKJV) 1.025
Colossians (AKJV) 1.006
1 Peter (Tyndale) 0.992
Revelation (Geneva) 0.974
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 0.973
Revelation (ODRV) 0.958
Jeremiah (AKJV) 0.915
Ecclesiasticus (AKJV) 0.897
Ephesians (ODRV) 0.893
1 Timothy (AKJV) 0.855
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.827
Philippians (AKJV) 0.784
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.772
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.75
Ephesians (Geneva) 0.731
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.708
John (Geneva) 0.692
John (Tyndale) 0.679
Proverbs (Geneva) 0.677
Luke (ODRV) 0.621
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.601
Romans (Tyndale) 0.596
John (AKJV) 0.478
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.457
Luke (AKJV) 0.434
Psalms (ODRV) 0.415
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.353
Romans (ODRV) 0.352
Romans (Geneva) 0.125
Matthew (AKJV) 0.107
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.07
Psalms (Geneva) 0.005
Romans (AKJV) -0.103
Psalms (AKJV) -0.648
Diversity: 0.987
Evenness: 0.987
Chapter Prominence
Isaiah 57 (Geneva) 3.918
Isaiah 57 (AKJV) 3.832
Psalms 32 (AKJV) 1.937
Proverbs 4 (AKJV) 1.908
James 4 (AKJV) 1.9
Ecclesiastes 8 (AKJV) 1.892
Ecclesiasticus 48 (AKJV) 0.987
Joshua 10 (Douay-Rheims) 0.986
4 Kings 10 (Douay-Rheims) 0.986
Isaiah 19 (Douay-Rheims) 0.985
Isaiah 24 (Douay-Rheims) 0.985
Psalms 61 (ODRV) 0.985
Jeremiah 10 (Geneva) 0.984
Joshua 10 (AKJV) 0.983
Deuteronomy 30 (Geneva) 0.981
1 Kings 16 (Douay-Rheims) 0.98
4 Kings 20 (Douay-Rheims) 0.98
2 Kings 9 (AKJV) 0.979
Revelation 6 (Geneva) 0.976
Jeremiah 12 (AKJV) 0.976
1 Corinthians 1 (Vulgate) 0.975
Psalms 11 (Geneva) 0.974
Psalms 15 (Geneva) 0.973
Psalms 125 (AKJV) 0.971
Psalms 62 (Geneva) 0.97
Psalms 135 (AKJV) 0.966
Deuteronomy 28 (AKJV) 0.966
Psalms 84 (Geneva) 0.966
Psalms 49 (ODRV) 0.963
Revelation 6 (ODRV) 0.962
Psalms 45 (AKJV) 0.959
2 Corinthians 8 (Geneva) 0.959
Psalms 120 (AKJV) 0.959
Ecclesiastes 8 (Geneva) 0.958
Judges 5 (Geneva) 0.958
1 Corinthians 5 (AKJV) 0.958
Proverbs 4 (Geneva) 0.958
Psalms 83 (AKJV) 0.957
Ecclesiastes 3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.956
2 Corinthians 7 (Geneva) 0.955
Isaiah 1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.953
Matthew 12 (Tyndale) 0.952
John 9 (Geneva) 0.951
2 Thessalonians 3 (AKJV) 0.95
Psalms 85 (AKJV) 0.948
Philippians 4 (Geneva) 0.948
Psalms 26 (AKJV) 0.945
Isaiah 55 (Douay-Rheims) 0.944
2 Timothy 3 (Tyndale) 0.943
Romans 14 (Tyndale) 0.941
Matthew 27 (Tyndale) 0.938
Ecclesiastes 1 (AKJV) 0.934
Romans 5 (Geneva) 0.93
Isaiah 40 (AKJV) 0.929
Proverbs 18 (AKJV) 0.929
John 14 (Tyndale) 0.929
Romans 9 (ODRV) 0.926
Psalms 50 (AKJV) 0.925
James 3 (ODRV) 0.924
John 8 (Tyndale) 0.922
Luke 20 (ODRV) 0.922
1 John 2 (Tyndale) 0.922
Romans 12 (Tyndale) 0.919
James 1 (Geneva) 0.918
John 16 (AKJV) 0.913
Proverbs 23 (AKJV) 0.913
Ecclesiastes 7 (AKJV) 0.909
Proverbs 11 (AKJV) 0.905
Ephesians 2 (ODRV) 0.904
Hebrews 11 (ODRV) 0.904
Luke 6 (AKJV) 0.9
Proverbs 16 (AKJV) 0.894
2 Corinthians 5 (Tyndale) 0.892
Psalms 51 (AKJV) 0.89
1 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 0.874
Matthew 10 (AKJV) 0.871
1 Peter 2 (ODRV) 0.867
Colossians 1 (AKJV) 0.866
2 Peter 1 (AKJV) 0.863
Matthew 7 (AKJV) 0.851
Matthew 6 (AKJV) 0.85
Ephesians 2 (AKJV) 0.849
Philippians 3 (AKJV) 0.843
Romans 5 (AKJV) 0.842
Psalms 107 (AKJV) 0.841
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 0.836
Ephesians 4 (ODRV) 0.835
1 Thessalonians 5 (AKJV) 0.824
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 0.819
Ephesians 4 (Geneva) 0.756
Romans 13 (Geneva) 0.666
Diversity: 0.988
Evenness: 0.987
Verse Prominence
Isaiah 57.21 (AKJV) 3.615
Isaiah 57.21 (Geneva) 3.615
Psalms 32.2 (AKJV) 1.813
Isaiah 57.20 (AKJV) 1.806
James 4.1 (AKJV) 1.8
Proverbs 4.23 (AKJV) 1.799
Ecclesiastes 8.11 (AKJV) 1.794
Ecclesiasticus 48.21 (AKJV) 0.909
Joshua 10.14 (AKJV) 0.909
1 Kings 16.15 (Douay-Rheims) 0.909
Psalms 125.4 (AKJV) 0.909
Jeremiah 10.10 (Geneva) 0.909
Psalms 26.1 (AKJV) 0.909
Isaiah 19.2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.908
Psalms 135.7 (AKJV) 0.908
Ecclesiastes 3.8 (Douay-Rheims) 0.908
Deuteronomy 28.28 (AKJV) 0.908
Isaiah 24.9 (Douay-Rheims) 0.908
Psalms 61.10 (ODRV) 0.908
Isaiah 1.13 (Douay-Rheims) 0.908
4 Kings 10.19 (Douay-Rheims) 0.908
2 Corinthians 8.21 (Geneva) 0.908
Ecclesiastes 8.13 (Geneva) 0.907
John 9.41 (Geneva) 0.907
Psalms 107.4 (AKJV) 0.907
Psalms 84.11 (Geneva) 0.907
Ephesians 4.25 (Geneva) 0.907
Jeremiah 12.2 (AKJV) 0.907
Deuteronomy 30.14 (Geneva) 0.907
Psalms 120.2 (AKJV) 0.907
Isaiah 40.2 (AKJV) 0.906
2 Thessalonians 3.2 (AKJV) 0.906
Joshua 10.13 (Douay-Rheims) 0.906
Psalms 83.15 (AKJV) 0.906
Psalms 83.6 (AKJV) 0.906
2 Timothy 3.16 (Tyndale) 0.906
2 Peter 1.12 (AKJV) 0.906
1 Corinthians 5.8 (AKJV) 0.906
Proverbs 11.20 (AKJV) 0.906
James 1.18 (Geneva) 0.906
1 Corinthians 1.12 (Vulgate) 0.906
Romans 14.23 (Tyndale) 0.905
Psalms 51.6 (AKJV) 0.905
Proverbs 4.23 (Geneva) 0.905
Psalms 50.21 (AKJV) 0.904
Ephesians 2.14 (AKJV) 0.904
Psalms 11.6 (Geneva) 0.904
Romans 9.1 (ODRV) 0.904
John 8.31 (Tyndale) 0.904
Matthew 7.17 (AKJV) 0.904
Luke 20.47 (ODRV) 0.904
2 Kings 9.22 (AKJV) 0.903
Psalms 45.1 (AKJV) 0.903
Matthew 12.35 (Tyndale) 0.903
4 Kings 20.3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.903
Revelation 6.10 (Geneva) 0.902
Matthew 27.25 (Tyndale) 0.902
Philippians 4.7 (Geneva) 0.902
1 John 2.19 (Tyndale) 0.902
Ecclesiastes 1.18 (AKJV) 0.901
Matthew 7.12 (AKJV) 0.901
Psalms 15.2 (Geneva) 0.901
Luke 6.45 (AKJV) 0.901
Ecclesiastes 7.29 (AKJV) 0.901
Romans 5.10 (AKJV) 0.9
Revelation 6.10 (ODRV) 0.9
Psalms 62.9 (Geneva) 0.9
Matthew 6.10 (AKJV) 0.9
2 Corinthians 7.10 (Geneva) 0.899
Proverbs 23.23 (AKJV) 0.899
Ephesians 2.12 (AKJV) 0.898
Psalms 49.22 (ODRV) 0.897
Ephesians 4.14 (ODRV) 0.897
John 16.13 (AKJV) 0.897
Judges 5.20 (Geneva) 0.896
Matthew 10.34 (AKJV) 0.896
Romans 12.18 (Tyndale) 0.896
Isaiah 55.6 (Douay-Rheims) 0.896
Romans 5.1 (Geneva) 0.895
1 Thessalonians 5.3 (AKJV) 0.895
Ephesians 4.3 (ODRV) 0.895
1 Thessalonians 5.21 (AKJV) 0.894
Psalms 85.10 (AKJV) 0.893
Proverbs 18.14 (AKJV) 0.893
1 Peter 2.2 (AKJV) 0.893
Ephesians 2.12 (ODRV) 0.892
John 14.6 (Tyndale) 0.891
Philippians 3.8 (AKJV) 0.89
1 Peter 2.14 (AKJV) 0.886
Proverbs 16.7 (AKJV) 0.886
Psalms 51.17 (AKJV) 0.885
James 3.17 (ODRV) 0.885
2 Corinthians 5.10 (Tyndale) 0.884
1 Peter 2.13 (ODRV) 0.883
1 Peter 2.13 (Tyndale) 0.883
Hebrews 11.6 (ODRV) 0.881
Colossians 1.14 (AKJV) 0.879
1 Timothy 2.2 (AKJV) 0.874
Romans 13.1 (Geneva) 0.732
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 3.891
New Testament 3.534
Diversity: 0.958
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
2 Thessalonians 3.284
Micah 3.277
Joshua 3.199
Judges 3.009
2 Kings 2.79
James 2.588
Ezekiel 2.499
1 Samuel 2.381
Ecclesiastes 2.341
1 Timothy 2.286
Revelation 2.2
Deuteronomy 2.13
1 Peter 2.099
Jeremiah 2.06
Ephesians 2.018
2 Corinthians 1.955
Hebrews 1.53
Proverbs 1.475
Luke 1.293
Acts 1.264
1 Corinthians 0.998
Isaiah 0.986
Romans 0.497
Psalms -0.039
Diversity: 0.977
Evenness: 0.998
Chapter Prominence
Romans 13 3.592
Isaiah 21 2.155
2 Kings 10 2.136
Joshua 10 2.133
Psalms 21 2.125
Isaiah 52 2.124
Jeremiah 12 2.121
Psalms 26 2.114
2 Kings 9 2.109
Psalms 85 2.108
Proverbs 4 2.101
2 Thessalonians 3 2.093
Psalms 105 2.092
Revelation 6 2.089
Luke 3 2.087
Proverbs 18 2.085
Deuteronomy 28 2.081
Psalms 11 2.08
Ecclesiastes 1 2.074
Judges 5 2.066
Micah 6 2.063
Ezekiel 33 2.06
1 Samuel 15 2.056
Luke 6 2.052
Isaiah 40 2.05
Acts 19 2.049
2 Corinthians 7 2.043
Acts 12 2.038
Proverbs 11 2.038
1 Corinthians 5 2.036
James 3 2.03
Ecclesiastes 8 2.029
Proverbs 23 2.015
James 4 2.001
Psalms 51 1.963
Isaiah 57 1.96
Psalms 50 1.955
1 Timothy 4 1.951
1 Timothy 2 1.914
Romans 5 1.895
Ephesians 2 1.885
2 Corinthians 5 1.835
Hebrews 11 1.77
Ephesians 4 1.733
1 Peter 2 1.668
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.998
Verse Prominence
Romans 13.1 3.857
2 Kings 10.35 2.083
Proverbs 11.2 2.081
Psalms 21.8 2.08
Luke 3.22 2.08
Jeremiah 12.3 2.08
Psalms 26.1 2.08
Ecclesiastes 1.18 2.078
Deuteronomy 28.28 2.078
Jeremiah 12.2 2.078
Luke 6.45 2.078
2 Thessalonians 3.1 2.077
Ephesians 4.25 2.077
Acts 19.24 2.077
Psalms 51.6 2.076
Isaiah 40.2 2.075
Joshua 10.13 2.074
2 Thessalonians 3.2 2.073
Isaiah 40.1 2.073
2 Kings 9.22 2.073
1 Corinthians 5.8 2.073
Isaiah 52.7 2.072
Psalms 11.6 2.071
Proverbs 23.23 2.071
James 3.6 2.069
Proverbs 18.14 2.069
Ezekiel 33.31 2.069
1 Timothy 4.2 2.068
Acts 12.23 2.065
2 Corinthians 7.10 2.065
Judges 5.20 2.064
Revelation 6.10 2.063
Proverbs 4.23 2.062
Romans 5.10 2.06
Psalms 85.10 2.059
Psalms 105.15 2.059
Psalms 50.21 2.059
Ephesians 2.12 2.058
1 Peter 2.2 2.056
Ephesians 2.3 2.052
1 Samuel 15.23 2.052
Ecclesiastes 8.11 2.051
James 4.1 2.05
2 Corinthians 5.10 2.041
James 3.17 2.035
Hebrews 11.6 2.018
1 Timothy 2.2 1.99
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase