Bedford, William, b. 1652 or 3

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 5.7% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 4.1% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 82.6% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.7% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 12.6% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 4.4% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.6% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.872
Evenness: 0.947
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 15.385
Apocrypha (ODRV) 9.738
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 7.611
Old Testament (Geneva) 2.562
Old Testament (AKJV) 0.923
Old Testament (ODRV) -0.625
New Testament (Tyndale) -3.648
New Testament (ODRV) -4.591
New Testament (Geneva) -4.651
New Testament (AKJV) -5.702
Diversity: 0.969
Evenness: 0.967
Book Prominence
Genesis (Geneva) 8.341
Zechariah (Douay-Rheims) 6.98
Zechariah (Geneva) 3.427
Baruch (ODRV) 3.419
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 2.877
Genesis (AKJV) 2.715
Matthew (AKJV) 2.163
Esther (AKJV) 1.675
Micah (Douay-Rheims) 1.669
Micah (Geneva) 1.627
Micah (AKJV) 1.604
Zechariah (AKJV) 1.587
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.513
Daniel (Geneva) 1.474
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 1.368
1 Samuel (AKJV) 1.368
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 1.354
1 John (Tyndale) 1.303
1 Thessalonians (AKJV) 1.296
1 John (ODRV) 1.294
Acts (Tyndale) 1.254
Genesis (ODRV) 1.253
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 1.243
Exodus (AKJV) 1.222
Job (Douay-Rheims) 1.148
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 1.06
Luke (Tyndale) 1.018
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.979
John (Geneva) 0.962
Proverbs (Geneva) 0.947
Luke (ODRV) 0.892
Job (AKJV) 0.871
John (AKJV) 0.749
Matthew (Geneva) 0.745
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.727
Psalms (ODRV) 0.686
Isaiah (AKJV) 0.684
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.624
Romans (ODRV) 0.622
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.539
Matthew (ODRV) 0.503
Psalms (Geneva) 0.275
Romans (AKJV) 0.168
Psalms (AKJV) -0.377
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.978
Chapter Prominence
Genesis 18 (Geneva) 5.922
Zechariah 7 (Douay-Rheims) 4.74
Zechariah 7 (Geneva) 2.372
Ecclesiasticus 7 (Douay-Rheims) 2.364
Genesis 18 (AKJV) 2.352
Baruch 6 (ODRV) 2.337
Genesis 4 (AKJV) 2.318
Matthew 13 (AKJV) 2.29
Romans 1 (AKJV) 2.279
Micah 2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.189
1 Kings 7 (Douay-Rheims) 1.187
Zechariah 8 (Geneva) 1.184
Esther 7 (AKJV) 1.184
Ecclesiasticus 35 (Douay-Rheims) 1.183
Micah 2 (Geneva) 1.183
Ecclesiasticus 37 (Douay-Rheims) 1.182
Deuteronomy 27 (AKJV) 1.182
Deuteronomy 19 (AKJV) 1.182
1 Samuel 7 (AKJV) 1.182
Zechariah 7 (AKJV) 1.179
Isaiah 13 (Douay-Rheims) 1.178
Micah 2 (AKJV) 1.178
Psalms 101 (Geneva) 1.173
Genesis 18 (ODRV) 1.173
Ecclesiasticus 27 (Douay-Rheims) 1.173
Deuteronomy 1 (Geneva) 1.17
Exodus 18 (AKJV) 1.168
Job 29 (Douay-Rheims) 1.168
Genesis 4 (ODRV) 1.167
Psalms 36 (ODRV) 1.167
Acts 24 (Tyndale) 1.167
Isaiah 10 (AKJV) 1.165
Matthew 15 (Geneva) 1.164
Proverbs 21 (Douay-Rheims) 1.16
Psalms 101 (AKJV) 1.158
Daniel 6 (Geneva) 1.156
Job 29 (AKJV) 1.155
Ecclesiasticus 10 (Douay-Rheims) 1.154
Psalms 85 (Geneva) 1.15
John 7 (Geneva) 1.15
Deuteronomy 5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.148
Psalms 133 (AKJV) 1.147
Luke 23 (Tyndale) 1.143
Psalms 2 (Geneva) 1.142
Proverbs 23 (Geneva) 1.142
Psalms 8 (AKJV) 1.141
Luke 6 (ODRV) 1.138
Psalms 94 (AKJV) 1.137
Proverbs 21 (AKJV) 1.133
Matthew 12 (Geneva) 1.132
Proverbs 29 (AKJV) 1.131
Matthew 13 (ODRV) 1.125
Matthew 15 (AKJV) 1.119
John 8 (AKJV) 1.118
Luke 23 (ODRV) 1.118
John 7 (AKJV) 1.113
Matthew 7 (Tyndale) 1.111
Romans 9 (AKJV) 1.108
1 John 5 (ODRV) 1.103
Matthew 7 (Geneva) 1.099
1 John 3 (Tyndale) 1.095
Matthew 16 (ODRV) 1.088
Matthew 25 (ODRV) 1.084
1 Corinthians 2 (Geneva) 1.083
Romans 3 (ODRV) 1.072
Romans 3 (AKJV) 1.068
Psalms 82 (AKJV) 1.063
Matthew 7 (AKJV) 1.051
1 Thessalonians 5 (AKJV) 1.025
Matthew 5 (ODRV) 0.967
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.979
Verse Prominence
Genesis 18.25 (Geneva) 5.046
Zechariah 7.10 (Douay-Rheims) 4.035
Zechariah 7.10 (Geneva) 3.028
Genesis 18.23 (AKJV) 2.019
Ecclesiasticus 7.6 (Douay-Rheims) 2.019
Zechariah 7.9 (Geneva) 2.019
Genesis 4.14 (AKJV) 2.018
Zechariah 7.9 (Douay-Rheims) 2.018
Romans 1.32 (AKJV) 2.013
Baruch 6.37 (ODRV) 2.007
Matthew 13.29 (AKJV) 2.005
Ecclesiasticus 37.2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.01
Luke 23.18 (ODRV) 1.01
Deuteronomy 27.19 (AKJV) 1.01
1 Samuel 7.17 (AKJV) 1.01
Zechariah 7.9 (AKJV) 1.009
Genesis 18.23 (ODRV) 1.009
Matthew 16.22 (ODRV) 1.009
Matthew 25.33 (ODRV) 1.009
Matthew 13.29 (ODRV) 1.009
Micah 2.3 (Douay-Rheims) 1.009
Ecclesiasticus 10.6 (Douay-Rheims) 1.009
Zechariah 8.17 (Geneva) 1.009
Deuteronomy 19.16 (AKJV) 1.009
1 Kings 7.15 (Douay-Rheims) 1.009
Genesis 4.14 (ODRV) 1.008
Isaiah 13.15 (Douay-Rheims) 1.008
Genesis 18.25 (AKJV) 1.008
1 Corinthians 2.12 (Geneva) 1.008
Ecclesiasticus 35.7 (Douay-Rheims) 1.008
Deuteronomy 1.15 (Geneva) 1.008
Isaiah 10.1 (AKJV) 1.008
Matthew 12.35 (Geneva) 1.008
Daniel 6.24 (Geneva) 1.008
1 John 3.15 (Tyndale) 1.008
Ecclesiasticus 27.33 (Douay-Rheims) 1.008
1 Samuel 7.16 (AKJV) 1.008
Proverbs 29.27 (AKJV) 1.007
Romans 3.6 (AKJV) 1.007
Psalms 101.8 (Geneva) 1.007
Psalms 36.38 (ODRV) 1.007
Proverbs 21.13 (Douay-Rheims) 1.007
Micah 2.2 (Geneva) 1.007
Deuteronomy 19.19 (AKJV) 1.007
Esther 7.10 (AKJV) 1.007
Matthew 12.34 (Geneva) 1.006
Isaiah 10.2 (AKJV) 1.006
Matthew 15.19 (Geneva) 1.006
Genesis 18.20 (Geneva) 1.006
Exodus 18.21 (AKJV) 1.006
Isaiah 10.3 (AKJV) 1.006
Psalms 94.6 (AKJV) 1.005
Matthew 7.12 (Tyndale) 1.005
Romans 9.14 (AKJV) 1.005
Matthew 5.7 (ODRV) 1.005
Micah 2.1 (AKJV) 1.005
Romans 3.31 (ODRV) 1.003
Luke 6.36 (ODRV) 1.003
Matthew 7.1 (Geneva) 1.003
Job 29.13 (AKJV) 1.002
Matthew 15.19 (AKJV) 1.002
Psalms 8.5 (AKJV) 1.001
Job 29.17 (AKJV) 1.001
Luke 23.21 (Tyndale) 1.001
Acts 24.25 (Tyndale) 1.001
Psalms 101.1 (AKJV) 1.001
Luke 6.31 (ODRV) 1.001
Job 29.17 (Douay-Rheims) 1.0
Deuteronomy 5.20 (Douay-Rheims) 1.0
Matthew 7.2 (AKJV) 0.999
Job 29.15 (AKJV) 0.999
John 8.56 (AKJV) 0.998
Proverbs 23.11 (Geneva) 0.998
1 John 5.17 (ODRV) 0.997
John 7.24 (AKJV) 0.996
John 7.24 (Geneva) 0.996
Psalms 2.10 (Geneva) 0.995
Proverbs 21.1 (AKJV) 0.987
Psalms 133.1 (AKJV) 0.985
Psalms 85.10 (Geneva) 0.984
1 Thessalonians 5.22 (AKJV) 0.982
Psalms 82.6 (AKJV) 0.924
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 3.891
New Testament 3.534
Diversity: 0.955
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Canticles 3.759
Micah 3.655
Joshua 3.578
Zechariah 3.553
Leviticus 3.468
2 Kings 3.169
1 John 3.054
1 Kings 3.011
1 Samuel 2.759
Philippians 2.721
Revelation 2.579
Deuteronomy 2.509
Exodus 2.434
Job 2.299
Genesis 1.971
Luke 1.672
Acts 1.643
John 1.583
Isaiah 1.365
Romans 0.875
Matthew 0.816
Psalms 0.34
Diversity: 0.972
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Joshua 6 2.749
2 Kings 13 2.744
Micah 2 2.741
2 Kings 10 2.74
Zechariah 7 2.736
1 Samuel 7 2.73
Deuteronomy 19 2.729
Genesis 7 2.722
1 Kings 20 2.722
Job 29 2.706
1 Samuel 17 2.702
Exodus 18 2.701
Genesis 27 2.701
Psalms 101 2.7
Isaiah 10 2.7
Canticles 2 2.691
1 Kings 8 2.688
1 Kings 18 2.675
Acts 24 2.667
Leviticus 19 2.658
Isaiah 58 2.658
Exodus 12 2.657
John 7 2.643
Genesis 18 2.624
Genesis 4 2.611
Luke 23 2.601
Matthew 12 2.592
Philippians 4 2.577
Psalms 1 2.569
John 8 2.563
Revelation 3 2.559
Romans 3 2.544
Matthew 13 2.537
John 1 2.509
1 John 3 2.502
Romans 1 2.397
Diversity: 0.977
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
2 Kings 10.23 2.325
Genesis 7.13 2.324
1 Samuel 7.17 2.324
Philippians 4.22 2.323
1 Kings 8.66 2.323
Micah 2.3 2.323
1 Kings 18.3 2.323
Genesis 27.22 2.323
Luke 23.41 2.323
Matthew 13.29 2.322
Zechariah 7.10 2.322
Isaiah 10.1 2.322
1 Samuel 7.15 2.322
Exodus 12.23 2.322
John 7.24 2.322
Zechariah 7.9 2.321
Isaiah 10.2 2.321
Psalms 1.4 2.321
1 Samuel 17.28 2.321
Psalms 101.8 2.32
John 1.46 2.32
Isaiah 10.3 2.32
Deuteronomy 19.19 2.32
Leviticus 19.16 2.32
1 Samuel 7.16 2.32
Deuteronomy 19.18 2.319
Job 29.12 2.319
Micah 2.2 2.318
Romans 1.32 2.318
Canticles 2.2 2.318
Micah 2.1 2.317
Genesis 4.14 2.315
Revelation 3.4 2.315
Matthew 13.25 2.314
Isaiah 58.6 2.314
Matthew 12.34 2.313
John 8.56 2.312
1 John 3.15 2.311
Isaiah 58.7 2.31
1 Kings 20.42 2.309
Genesis 4.7 2.303
Genesis 18.25 2.294
Exodus 18.21 2.29
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase