Foster, Thomas, b. 1590 or 91

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 14.9% 7.1%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 7.4% 7.1%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 79.4% 92.9%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 5.7% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 3.7% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 19.8% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 7.4% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 4.6% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 2.6% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 5.4% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 4.3% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 2.6% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 2.9% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 2.3% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 1.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 2.6% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 2.0% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent matching citation, and italicized foreign text 1.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.809
Evenness: 0.858
Part Prominence
New Testament (AKJV) 27.304
Apocrypha (AKJV) 6.014
Old Testament (Vulgate) 3.203
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 1.402
New Testament (Vulgate) 0.128
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -2.589
Old Testament (Geneva) -3.647
New Testament (Tyndale) -3.975
New Testament (ODRV) -4.918
New Testament (Geneva) -4.978
Old Testament (AKJV) -5.286
Diversity: 0.955
Evenness: 0.928
Book Prominence
Philippians (Geneva) 13.626
Philippians (AKJV) 10.207
1 Esdras (AKJV) 3.023
1 Timothy (ODRV) 2.586
Matthew (Geneva) 2.084
Mark (Vulgate) 1.524
Genesis (Vulgate) 1.488
Habakkuk (Douay-Rheims) 1.483
Habakkuk (Geneva) 1.458
Habakkuk (AKJV) 1.423
Psalms (Vulgate) 1.374
Ezekiel (Geneva) 1.258
Matthew (Vulgate) 1.241
1 Timothy (Tyndale) 1.228
Ezekiel (AKJV) 1.171
James (Geneva) 1.117
James (ODRV) 1.095
Acts (Geneva) 1.053
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.04
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 1.02
Galatians (ODRV) 1.015
1 Peter (Geneva) 0.975
Jeremiah (AKJV) 0.962
1 Timothy (AKJV) 0.902
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.868
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 0.857
Job (Geneva) 0.835
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.82
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.805
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.798
Luke (Tyndale) 0.795
Acts (AKJV) 0.788
Philippians (ODRV) 0.782
Ephesians (Geneva) 0.778
John (Geneva) 0.739
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.728
Proverbs (Geneva) 0.724
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.707
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.649
Romans (Tyndale) 0.643
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.454
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.316
Matthew (ODRV) 0.28
Romans (Geneva) 0.173
Matthew (AKJV) 0.154
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.117
Psalms (AKJV) -0.601
Diversity: 0.967
Evenness: 0.943
Chapter Prominence
Philippians 2 (Geneva) 11.417
Philippians 2 (AKJV) 8.778
1 Esdras 4 (AKJV) 2.549
Matthew 20 (Geneva) 2.548
1 Timothy 5 (ODRV) 2.497
Psalms 33 (Vulgate) 1.279
Mark 13 (Vulgate) 1.279
Genesis 4 (Vulgate) 1.279
Ezekiel 22 (Geneva) 1.273
Ecclesiasticus 13 (Douay-Rheims) 1.272
Proverbs 5 (Geneva) 1.272
Isaiah 56 (Geneva) 1.271
Ecclesiasticus 14 (Douay-Rheims) 1.268
Habakkuk 2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.267
Ecclesiasticus 41 (Douay-Rheims) 1.263
Proverbs 18 (Geneva) 1.261
Deuteronomy 16 (AKJV) 1.261
Jeremiah 22 (AKJV) 1.26
Ezekiel 34 (AKJV) 1.26
Habakkuk 2 (Geneva) 1.257
Job 31 (Geneva) 1.252
2 Corinthians 13 (Geneva) 1.251
Ecclesiasticus 10 (Douay-Rheims) 1.246
Habakkuk 2 (AKJV) 1.246
Ecclesiastes 5 (AKJV) 1.243
1 Timothy 5 (Tyndale) 1.243
Acts 4 (Geneva) 1.241
Isaiah 57 (Geneva) 1.24
Psalms 133 (AKJV) 1.239
Matthew 19 (ODRV) 1.236
John 10 (Geneva) 1.235
1 Corinthians 13 (ODRV) 1.233
John 8 (Geneva) 1.232
Luke 12 (Tyndale) 1.231
Matthew 22 (Vulgate) 1.23
Galatians 4 (ODRV) 1.228
James 4 (Geneva) 1.228
Acts 4 (AKJV) 1.226
Matthew 12 (AKJV) 1.223
James 4 (ODRV) 1.22
Matthew 23 (ODRV) 1.216
Acts 2 (AKJV) 1.212
1 Timothy 1 (ODRV) 1.212
1 Corinthians 10 (Tyndale) 1.193
James 2 (ODRV) 1.186
1 Corinthians 12 (Geneva) 1.186
Matthew 16 (ODRV) 1.179
Romans 12 (Geneva) 1.167
Hebrews 11 (Geneva) 1.167
1 Corinthians 12 (AKJV) 1.165
1 Timothy 6 (AKJV) 1.148
1 Peter 2 (Geneva) 1.143
Matthew 22 (ODRV) 1.135
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 1.128
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 1.111
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 1.109
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 1.105
Philippians 2 (ODRV) 1.091
Matthew 5 (ODRV) 1.058
Ephesians 4 (Geneva) 1.048
1 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 0.945
Diversity: 0.971
Evenness: 0.948
Verse Prominence
Philippians 2.4 (Geneva) 10.584
Philippians 2.4 (AKJV) 8.22
Matthew 20.15 (Geneva) 2.351
1 Esdras 4.35 (AKJV) 2.351
Philippians 2.4 (ODRV) 2.349
1 Timothy 5.17 (ODRV) 2.314
Psalms 33.15 (Vulgate) 1.176
Mark 13.1 (Vulgate) 1.176
Isaiah 56.11 (Geneva) 1.176
Isaiah 57.17 (Geneva) 1.176
Ezekiel 22.13 (Geneva) 1.176
Habakkuk 2.9 (Geneva) 1.176
Proverbs 5.16 (Geneva) 1.176
Genesis 4.9 (Vulgate) 1.176
John 8.50 (Geneva) 1.176
Job 31.17 (Geneva) 1.176
Luke 12.13 (Tyndale) 1.176
Ecclesiasticus 14.5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.175
Ecclesiastes 5.11 (AKJV) 1.175
Jeremiah 22.17 (AKJV) 1.175
Proverbs 18.11 (Geneva) 1.175
2 Corinthians 13.7 (Geneva) 1.175
1 Peter 2.3 (Geneva) 1.175
Ecclesiasticus 13.19 (Douay-Rheims) 1.175
Matthew 22.39 (Vulgate) 1.175
Matthew 12.1 (AKJV) 1.175
Ezekiel 34.2 (AKJV) 1.175
John 10.15 (Geneva) 1.174
Habakkuk 2.12 (Douay-Rheims) 1.174
Ephesians 5.5 (AKJV) 1.173
Matthew 23.25 (ODRV) 1.173
Matthew 23.27 (ODRV) 1.173
Acts 2.44 (AKJV) 1.173
Galatians 4.16 (ODRV) 1.172
Ecclesiasticus 10.10 (Douay-Rheims) 1.172
Matthew 5.14 (ODRV) 1.172
Habakkuk 2.11 (Geneva) 1.172
Habakkuk 2.11 (AKJV) 1.172
Ephesians 5.3 (AKJV) 1.171
Deuteronomy 16.19 (AKJV) 1.171
James 4.1 (Geneva) 1.171
Matthew 19.23 (ODRV) 1.17
Ephesians 4.12 (Geneva) 1.169
1 Corinthians 12.25 (Geneva) 1.169
Acts 4.32 (AKJV) 1.169
Acts 4.32 (Geneva) 1.169
Ecclesiasticus 41.1 (Douay-Rheims) 1.168
Job 31.24 (Geneva) 1.168
1 Timothy 6.10 (AKJV) 1.166
Romans 12.5 (Geneva) 1.166
1 Corinthians 13.13 (ODRV) 1.164
1 Timothy 5.17 (Tyndale) 1.163
James 4.1 (ODRV) 1.163
Philippians 2.21 (ODRV) 1.162
1 Corinthians 10.24 (AKJV) 1.161
1 Timothy 1.17 (ODRV) 1.16
1 Corinthians 12.25 (AKJV) 1.158
1 Timothy 6.18 (AKJV) 1.158
1 Corinthians 10.24 (Tyndale) 1.152
James 2.26 (ODRV) 1.152
Psalms 133.1 (AKJV) 1.151
Romans 13.7 (Tyndale) 1.149
Matthew 22.39 (ODRV) 1.148
1 Peter 2.14 (Tyndale) 1.146
Hebrews 11.1 (Geneva) 1.143
Matthew 16.26 (ODRV) 1.141
1 Peter 2.13 (AKJV) 1.131
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.667
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Apocrypha 25.909
Old Testament -12.776
New Testament -13.133
Diversity: 0.962
Evenness: 0.993
Book Prominence
1 Timothy 4.786
Ephesians 4.518
1 Esdras 3.28
Habakkuk 2.717
2 Timothy 1.821
James 1.755
Ezekiel 1.666
Galatians 1.538
Philippians 1.509
Ecclesiastes 1.507
Revelation 1.366
Deuteronomy 1.297
1 Peter 1.266
Jeremiah 1.226
Exodus 1.222
2 Corinthians 1.121
Job 1.087
Genesis 0.759
Hebrews 0.697
Proverbs 0.642
Luke 0.46
Acts 0.431
John 0.371
1 Corinthians 0.165
Isaiah 0.152
Romans -0.337
Matthew -0.396
Psalms -0.872
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.996
Chapter Prominence
Ecclesiastes 10 2.711
1 Timothy 6 2.67
Ephesians 5 2.6
1 Esdras 4 1.446
Ezekiel 34 1.411
Deuteronomy 23 1.403
Psalms 133 1.397
2 Corinthians 9 1.393
Proverbs 5 1.39
Ezekiel 22 1.382
Isaiah 56 1.38
Psalms 15 1.377
Deuteronomy 16 1.376
Psalms 17 1.369
Ezekiel 3 1.367
Jeremiah 22 1.356
Job 31 1.356
2 Corinthians 13 1.35
Ecclesiastes 5 1.344
Psalms 103 1.333
Acts 26 1.331
Habakkuk 2 1.326
Acts 19 1.325
Exodus 22 1.321
Psalms 34 1.319
Matthew 20 1.311
1 Corinthians 5 1.311
Exodus 32 1.307
Matthew 27 1.292
Genesis 4 1.282
James 4 1.277
Luke 23 1.273
Proverbs 3 1.27
James 2 1.267
Matthew 12 1.264
1 Timothy 5 1.261
Galatians 4 1.259
John 10 1.251
1 Corinthians 12 1.247
Matthew 19 1.239
Proverbs 8 1.238
Acts 4 1.236
John 8 1.234
Revelation 3 1.23
Romans 3 1.216
Matthew 22 1.211
2 Corinthians 6 1.211
1 Corinthians 13 1.204
Isaiah 5 1.2
Luke 10 1.2
Galatians 6 1.188
2 Timothy 3 1.18
Matthew 16 1.174
Romans 5 1.17
Luke 12 1.161
Ephesians 2 1.161
Philippians 2 1.145
Romans 12 1.13
1 Corinthians 1 1.114
Matthew 26 1.114
Hebrews 13 1.113
Matthew 11 1.106
Hebrews 11 1.045
Matthew 5 0.962
1 Peter 2 0.944
Romans 13 0.693
Diversity: 0.986
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Ecclesiastes 10.9 2.528
Job 31.17 2.525
Ephesians 5.5 2.519
Ezekiel 22.13 1.265
1 Esdras 4.41 1.265
Acts 26.3 1.265
Deuteronomy 23.24 1.265
Jeremiah 22.17 1.264
Proverbs 5.16 1.264
Luke 23.23 1.264
Matthew 22.20 1.263
Matthew 20.2 1.263
Ezekiel 22.12 1.263
Exodus 32.2 1.263
Acts 26.2 1.263
Matthew 12.1 1.263
Luke 23.24 1.263
Ecclesiastes 5.10 1.262
Exodus 32.4 1.262
Proverbs 8.11 1.262
1 Corinthians 1.4 1.262
2 Corinthians 13.8 1.261
James 2.24 1.261
Habakkuk 2.12 1.261
Ezekiel 3.20 1.26
Job 31.24 1.259
Matthew 26.15 1.259
Galatians 6.12 1.259
John 8.50 1.259
Ezekiel 34.2 1.259
Luke 12.13 1.259
Matthew 19.23 1.258
Proverbs 3.27 1.258
Matthew 20.15 1.257
Isaiah 56.11 1.256
Isaiah 5.8 1.256
1 Corinthians 13.8 1.256
1 Timothy 5.1 1.256
Psalms 34.14 1.255
2 Corinthians 9.7 1.255
James 2.17 1.255
Psalms 103.3 1.254
Matthew 27.4 1.254
John 10.15 1.254
Matthew 22.39 1.253
Matthew 5.13 1.252
Deuteronomy 16.19 1.252
Romans 12.5 1.251
1 Corinthians 5.11 1.25
Philippians 2.21 1.25
Matthew 5.45 1.249
Philippians 2.4 1.248
Romans 5.5 1.248
2 Timothy 3.1 1.247
Ephesians 5.3 1.246
Acts 4.32 1.245
Revelation 3.18 1.244
Romans 13.8 1.244
1 Corinthians 13.2 1.243
Psalms 17.14 1.243
Psalms 133.1 1.243
2 Timothy 3.2 1.242
Ephesians 2.12 1.241
2 Corinthians 6.16 1.24
Galatians 4.16 1.239
Matthew 16.26 1.237
Hebrews 13.16 1.235
James 4.1 1.233
Acts 19.28 1.225
1 Corinthians 12.25 1.223
1 Timothy 5.17 1.22
1 Peter 2.14 1.21
Exodus 22.28 1.208
Hebrews 11.6 1.2
1 Peter 2.17 1.193
Matthew 11.21 1.173
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase