Lowde, James

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 1.9% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 1.0% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 87.9% 100.0%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.5% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 8.3% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 1.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.864
Evenness: 0.983
Part Prominence
New Testament (Geneva) 11.689
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 6.958
New Testament (Vulgate) 5.683
Old Testament (Geneva) 1.908
New Testament (Tyndale) 1.581
New Testament (ODRV) 0.638
Old Testament (AKJV) 0.269
New Testament (AKJV) -0.473
Diversity: 0.926
Evenness: 0.924
Book Prominence
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 20.975
Titus (Geneva) 5.308
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 4.11
Joel (Geneva) 2.675
1 John (Vulgate) 2.608
2 Peter (Tyndale) 2.498
Philippians (Geneva) 2.341
Philippians (Tyndale) 2.33
1 Timothy (Geneva) 2.251
Galatians (ODRV) 2.23
James (AKJV) 2.152
1 Timothy (AKJV) 2.117
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 2.083
Philippians (AKJV) 2.047
Hebrews (Geneva) 2.02
Acts (AKJV) 2.003
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 1.922
Job (AKJV) 1.863
John (ODRV) 1.777
John (AKJV) 1.741
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 1.669
Proverbs (AKJV) 1.616
Romans (ODRV) 1.614
Matthew (ODRV) 1.495
Romans (Geneva) 1.388
Matthew (AKJV) 1.369
Romans (AKJV) 1.16
Diversity: 0.947
Evenness: 0.941
Chapter Prominence
1 Corinthians 1 (Geneva) 17.678
Titus 2 (Geneva) 4.369
Matthew 10 (ODRV) 4.363
1 Corinthians 1 (AKJV) 4.299
1 John 3 (Vulgate) 2.209
Acts 14 (AKJV) 2.204
Ecclesiasticus 19 (Douay-Rheims) 2.203
Joel 2 (Geneva) 2.196
Matthew 9 (AKJV) 2.193
Hebrews 1 (Geneva) 2.191
Job 1 (AKJV) 2.173
Matthew 27 (AKJV) 2.172
2 Peter 3 (Tyndale) 2.161
John 20 (ODRV) 2.158
Matthew 12 (ODRV) 2.156
1 Corinthians 1 (ODRV) 2.15
Galatians 3 (ODRV) 2.149
1 Timothy 4 (Geneva) 2.148
Romans 4 (Geneva) 2.148
Romans 4 (AKJV) 2.146
1 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 2.141
Romans 14 (ODRV) 2.14
Romans 1 (ODRV) 2.137
Proverbs 3 (AKJV) 2.135
John 1 (AKJV) 2.134
1 Corinthians 2 (AKJV) 2.129
James 3 (AKJV) 2.124
Galatians 5 (ODRV) 2.113
Philippians 2 (Geneva) 2.1
Philippians 3 (Tyndale) 2.094
1 Corinthians 15 (Tyndale) 2.086
John 6 (ODRV) 2.074
Romans 5 (AKJV) 2.074
Philippians 2 (AKJV) 2.026
Romans 6 (AKJV) 2.016
Diversity: 0.958
Evenness: 0.95
Verse Prominence
1 Corinthians 1.23 (Geneva) 15.07
Matthew 10.33 (ODRV) 3.77
1 Corinthians 1.23 (AKJV) 3.768
Matthew 12.25 (ODRV) 3.765
Titus 2.11 (Geneva) 3.755
Matthew 12.39 (ODRV) 1.886
Acts 14.2 (AKJV) 1.886
Matthew 27.41 (AKJV) 1.885
Matthew 9.34 (AKJV) 1.885
Ecclesiasticus 19.6 (Douay-Rheims) 1.885
John 6.45 (ODRV) 1.884
1 Corinthians 1.24 (AKJV) 1.884
1 John 3.8 (Vulgate) 1.884
1 Corinthians 1.18 (ODRV) 1.884
1 Corinthians 15.16 (Tyndale) 1.884
Romans 4.23 (AKJV) 1.884
Galatians 5.11 (ODRV) 1.884
1 Corinthians 1.23 (ODRV) 1.883
John 1.17 (AKJV) 1.882
Joel 2.28 (Geneva) 1.882
Matthew 12.26 (ODRV) 1.882
Job 1.9 (AKJV) 1.881
Galatians 3.7 (ODRV) 1.88
Philippians 2.3 (Geneva) 1.88
John 20.29 (ODRV) 1.88
James 3.13 (AKJV) 1.88
Philippians 3.18 (Tyndale) 1.88
Romans 4.23 (Geneva) 1.88
Romans 6.21 (AKJV) 1.879
Romans 14.13 (ODRV) 1.877
1 Corinthians 1.24 (ODRV) 1.875
Proverbs 3.16 (AKJV) 1.875
Hebrews 1.1 (Geneva) 1.874
Proverbs 3.17 (AKJV) 1.872
Romans 1.21 (ODRV) 1.871
1 Corinthians 2.14 (AKJV) 1.865
1 Timothy 3.16 (AKJV) 1.864
2 Peter 3.18 (Tyndale) 1.858
Titus 2.12 (Geneva) 1.853
1 Timothy 4.8 (Geneva) 1.853
Philippians 2.12 (AKJV) 1.837
Romans 5.12 (AKJV) 1.833
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 3.891
New Testament 3.534
Diversity: 0.889
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Micah 10.221
1 Timothy 9.23
Genesis 8.537
Proverbs 8.42
Luke 8.238
1 Corinthians 7.942
Romans 7.441
Matthew 7.382
Psalms 6.906
Diversity: 0.917
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Micah 5 8.304
Matthew 1 8.258
Matthew 2 8.241
Luke 24 8.167
Proverbs 16 8.163
Genesis 49 8.154
Psalms 16 8.151
Matthew 12 8.148
1 Timothy 4 8.111
Romans 2 8.049
Romans 6 8.041
1 Corinthians 1 7.998
Diversity: 0.917
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
Luke 24.7 8.33
Matthew 12.38 8.328
Proverbs 16.17 8.328
Matthew 1.23 8.327
Micah 5.2 8.325
1 Corinthians 1.24 8.322
Matthew 2.1 8.32
Romans 6.21 8.316
Psalms 16.10 8.316
1 Corinthians 1.23 8.315
Genesis 49.10 8.311
1 Timothy 4.8 8.267
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase