Origen

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 4.0% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 1.8% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 72.9% 100.0%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 3.4% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 5.6% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.839
Evenness: 0.868
Part Prominence
New Testament (Tyndale) 22.288
Old Testament (Geneva) 8.979
New Testament (Wycliffe) 6.803
Old Testament (Wycliffe) 3.691
Apocrypha (AKJV) -0.552
New Testament (Vulgate) -0.882
Old Testament (ODRV) -1.962
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -3.599
New Testament (ODRV) -5.928
New Testament (Geneva) -5.988
Old Testament (AKJV) -6.296
New Testament (AKJV) -7.039
Diversity: 0.968
Evenness: 0.957
Book Prominence
John (Tyndale) 10.102
Genesis (Geneva) 5.662
Genesis (ODRV) 4.155
John (Wycliffe) 2.921
Exodus (ODRV) 2.776
Hebrews (AKJV) 2.206
Exodus (Wycliffe) 1.534
Baruch (AKJV) 1.455
Hebrews (Vulgate) 1.452
1 Paralipomenon (Douay-Rheims) 1.436
Luke (Vulgate) 1.417
Canticles (Douay-Rheims) 1.414
2 Kings (Geneva) 1.376
Canticles (Geneva) 1.358
2 Esdras (AKJV) 1.318
John (Vulgate) 1.294
Canticles (AKJV) 1.293
Colossians (Tyndale) 1.28
Philippians (Geneva) 1.126
Philippians (Tyndale) 1.115
Hebrews (Tyndale) 1.099
James (ODRV) 1.095
Galatians (Geneva) 1.068
Acts (Geneva) 1.053
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.04
Ephesians (Tyndale) 1.025
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.874
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.843
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.805
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.798
Luke (Tyndale) 0.795
Philippians (ODRV) 0.782
John (Geneva) 0.739
Proverbs (Geneva) 0.724
Luke (Geneva) 0.713
Genesis (AKJV) 0.706
Luke (ODRV) 0.669
Job (AKJV) 0.648
Romans (Tyndale) 0.643
John (ODRV) 0.562
John (AKJV) 0.526
Matthew (Geneva) 0.521
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.504
Psalms (ODRV) 0.463
Romans (ODRV) 0.399
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.316
Matthew (ODRV) 0.28
Psalms (Geneva) 0.052
Romans (AKJV) -0.055
Psalms (AKJV) -0.601
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.97
Chapter Prominence
John 20 (Tyndale) 6.819
Genesis 22 (Geneva) 3.905
Genesis 22 (ODRV) 2.935
Canticles 3 (AKJV) 2.926
Genesis 21 (AKJV) 2.924
Exodus 9 (ODRV) 1.953
John 20 (Wycliffe) 1.952
John 20 (ODRV) 1.897
Hebrews 11 (AKJV) 1.806
1 Paralipomenon 1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.98
Exodus 9 (Wycliffe) 0.98
Luke 8 (Vulgate) 0.978
Genesis 16 (AKJV) 0.976
2 Kings 13 (Geneva) 0.975
Genesis 21 (Geneva) 0.974
John 11 (Wycliffe) 0.97
Job 23 (AKJV) 0.969
John 8 (Vulgate) 0.969
2 Esdras 9 (AKJV) 0.967
Acts 15 (Geneva) 0.965
Canticles 6 (AKJV) 0.961
Luke 8 (Geneva) 0.961
Genesis 17 (Geneva) 0.961
Baruch 3 (AKJV) 0.959
Psalms 22 (Geneva) 0.958
Genesis 17 (AKJV) 0.958
Psalms 36 (ODRV) 0.957
Genesis 22 (AKJV) 0.957
Hebrews 11 (Vulgate) 0.957
2 Corinthians 9 (ODRV) 0.954
Luke 24 (ODRV) 0.953
Genesis 18 (AKJV) 0.952
Luke 1 (Tyndale) 0.951
Matthew 20 (ODRV) 0.951
Canticles 8 (Geneva) 0.95
Luke 7 (Geneva) 0.948
John 20 (AKJV) 0.947
Psalms 118 (ODRV) 0.946
John 20 (Geneva) 0.943
Canticles 2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.943
Philippians 2 (Tyndale) 0.941
Luke 23 (Geneva) 0.94
Ephesians 6 (Tyndale) 0.939
Luke 15 (Geneva) 0.938
Hebrews 5 (AKJV) 0.938
Hebrews 11 (Tyndale) 0.936
Psalms 22 (AKJV) 0.932
1 Peter 4 (Tyndale) 0.931
John 9 (AKJV) 0.927
John 11 (Geneva) 0.926
Galatians 4 (Geneva) 0.924
John 11 (Tyndale) 0.923
Luke 6 (Tyndale) 0.921
Romans 7 (Tyndale) 0.918
Colossians 1 (Tyndale) 0.918
John 11 (AKJV) 0.917
Romans 9 (ODRV) 0.916
Luke 10 (Tyndale) 0.916
Proverbs 8 (Geneva) 0.915
John 8 (Tyndale) 0.912
John 11 (ODRV) 0.908
Philippians 4 (ODRV) 0.906
John 16 (AKJV) 0.903
Psalms 9 (AKJV) 0.895
Hebrews 11 (ODRV) 0.894
Psalms 34 (AKJV) 0.889
James 2 (ODRV) 0.884
John 1 (Tyndale) 0.883
John 1 (ODRV) 0.88
Matthew 25 (Geneva) 0.875
Matthew 25 (ODRV) 0.874
Psalms 44 (AKJV) 0.869
Hebrews 11 (Geneva) 0.865
Philippians 2 (Geneva) 0.859
Matthew 26 (Tyndale) 0.855
Philippians 3 (Tyndale) 0.852
Romans 8 (Tyndale) 0.847
1 Peter 5 (AKJV) 0.826
Philippians 3 (ODRV) 0.821
Romans 8 (ODRV) 0.796
Philippians 2 (ODRV) 0.789
1 Corinthians 15 (Geneva) 0.71
Romans 8 (AKJV) 0.678
Diversity: 0.988
Evenness: 0.975
Verse Prominence
John 20.15 (Tyndale) 4.792
Genesis 22.1 (Geneva) 2.738
John 20.11 (AKJV) 2.735
Genesis 22.2 (ODRV) 2.054
Genesis 21.3 (AKJV) 2.051
Canticles 3.1 (AKJV) 2.048
John 20.14 (ODRV) 1.369
John 20.16 (Tyndale) 1.369
John 20.14 (Tyndale) 1.369
Genesis 22.6 (AKJV) 1.369
John 20.11 (Wycliffe) 1.368
Genesis 22.12 (Geneva) 1.368
Exodus 9.30 (ODRV) 1.367
Genesis 22.7 (AKJV) 1.367
John 20.17 (Geneva) 1.366
Hebrews 11.19 (AKJV) 1.365
Matthew 26.12 (Tyndale) 0.685
Romans 9.9 (ODRV) 0.685
Genesis 21.3 (Geneva) 0.685
John 20.11 (Geneva) 0.685
John 20.12 (Geneva) 0.685
John 11.28 (AKJV) 0.685
John 11.2 (Wycliffe) 0.685
Luke 24.24 (ODRV) 0.685
Romans 7.16 (Tyndale) 0.685
Psalms 118.116 (ODRV) 0.685
John 20.15 (ODRV) 0.685
John 9.37 (AKJV) 0.685
Luke 6.19 (Tyndale) 0.685
1 Paralipomenon 1.27 (Douay-Rheims) 0.685
Hebrews 11.18 (Vulgate) 0.685
2 Kings 13.15 (Geneva) 0.685
Genesis 22.6 (ODRV) 0.685
John 8.39 (Vulgate) 0.685
Galatians 4.2 (Geneva) 0.685
Exodus 9.30 (Wycliffe) 0.685
Genesis 22.15 (Geneva) 0.685
Genesis 22.12 (ODRV) 0.685
Hebrews 5.6 (AKJV) 0.685
John 20.13 (Geneva) 0.684
Luke 24.3 (ODRV) 0.684
John 11.31 (ODRV) 0.684
Job 23.3 (AKJV) 0.684
John 20.15 (Geneva) 0.684
John 11.2 (Tyndale) 0.684
Luke 1.30 (Tyndale) 0.684
Matthew 20.5 (ODRV) 0.684
Psalms 36.36 (ODRV) 0.684
Canticles 2.14 (Douay-Rheims) 0.684
Luke 23.53 (Geneva) 0.684
Psalms 22.5 (AKJV) 0.684
Psalms 22.5 (Geneva) 0.684
Genesis 16.13 (AKJV) 0.684
Genesis 22.11 (AKJV) 0.684
Genesis 17.5 (AKJV) 0.684
Genesis 17.5 (Geneva) 0.684
Genesis 22.4 (Geneva) 0.684
Genesis 22.5 (Geneva) 0.684
Genesis 22.8 (Geneva) 0.684
Genesis 22.9 (AKJV) 0.684
Genesis 22.11 (Geneva) 0.684
Acts 15.18 (Geneva) 0.684
Luke 8.11 (Vulgate) 0.684
Hebrews 11.18 (ODRV) 0.684
Genesis 18.11 (AKJV) 0.684
Matthew 25.28 (Geneva) 0.684
Matthew 25.28 (ODRV) 0.684
Canticles 6.1 (AKJV) 0.683
Psalms 118.2 (ODRV) 0.683
Galatians 4.3 (Geneva) 0.683
2 Esdras 9.40 (AKJV) 0.683
Baruch 3.11 (AKJV) 0.683
Luke 8.48 (Geneva) 0.683
Hebrews 11.18 (Geneva) 0.683
Genesis 22.13 (AKJV) 0.683
John 20.17 (AKJV) 0.682
John 11.35 (Geneva) 0.682
John 11.35 (Tyndale) 0.682
Hebrews 11.17 (Tyndale) 0.682
John 11.24 (Tyndale) 0.682
Genesis 22.10 (AKJV) 0.682
James 2.22 (ODRV) 0.682
James 2.21 (ODRV) 0.682
1 Peter 4.1 (Tyndale) 0.682
John 16.22 (AKJV) 0.682
Romans 9.7 (ODRV) 0.681
Ephesians 6.17 (Tyndale) 0.681
John 1.29 (ODRV) 0.68
Luke 7.38 (Geneva) 0.68
Canticles 8.6 (Geneva) 0.68
Colossians 1.5 (Tyndale) 0.68
James 2.19 (ODRV) 0.68
John 1.36 (ODRV) 0.68
Proverbs 8.17 (Geneva) 0.679
John 11.24 (ODRV) 0.678
Romans 8.32 (ODRV) 0.678
Genesis 22.14 (Geneva) 0.678
Ephesians 6.14 (Tyndale) 0.677
Psalms 34.8 (AKJV) 0.676
1 Corinthians 15.4 (Geneva) 0.676
2 Corinthians 9.8 (ODRV) 0.676
Luke 10.42 (Tyndale) 0.675
Philippians 2.7 (Geneva) 0.675
John 8.38 (Tyndale) 0.674
Philippians 3.8 (ODRV) 0.673
Philippians 2.9 (Tyndale) 0.672
Romans 8.32 (AKJV) 0.671
Hebrews 11.17 (AKJV) 0.669
Romans 8.32 (Tyndale) 0.669
Romans 8.24 (AKJV) 0.666
Psalms 9.10 (AKJV) 0.666
John 1.29 (Tyndale) 0.665
Luke 15.10 (Geneva) 0.661
Philippians 4.20 (ODRV) 0.644
Philippians 3.8 (Tyndale) 0.643
Psalms 44.21 (AKJV) 0.623
1 Peter 5.11 (AKJV) 0.604
Philippians 2.8 (ODRV) 0.584
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.48
Evenness: 0.971
Part Prominence
New Testament 13.534
Old Testament -6.109
Diversity: 0.857
Evenness: 0.965
Book Prominence
Luke 18.555
Canticles 13.499
Proverbs 11.594
John 11.323
Romans 10.616
2 Corinthians 4.931
Matthew 3.414
Psalms 2.937
Diversity: 0.938
Evenness: 0.973
Chapter Prominence
Luke 7 11.417
Canticles 2 7.605
Romans 4 7.52
John 11 7.495
Proverbs 8 7.481
Luke 10 7.443
Canticles 6 3.793
2 Corinthians 9 3.79
Psalms 76 3.786
Psalms 90 3.742
Luke 14 3.711
John 19 3.676
Psalms 73 3.675
Luke 23 3.67
Matthew 8 3.661
Luke 19 3.647
Psalms 50 3.627
Psalms 9 3.624
Romans 8 3.269
Diversity:
Evenness:
Verse Prominence
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase