Leith

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 2
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 7.1% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 3.6% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 85.1% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.1% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 11.8% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 3.0% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.1% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.1% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.1% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.875
Evenness: 0.96
Part Prominence
Old Testament (AKJV) 13.571
New Testament (Wycliffe) 5.953
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 4.42
Old Testament (ODRV) 1.909
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 1.283
Old Testament (Geneva) 0.749
New Testament (Tyndale) -0.171
New Testament (ODRV) -1.536
New Testament (Geneva) -2.082
New Testament (AKJV) -4.098
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.987
Book Prominence
Romans (ODRV) 4.086
Jeremiah (AKJV) 3.515
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 2.291
Matthew (AKJV) 1.654
2 Chronicles (Geneva) 1.197
Leviticus (Douay-Rheims) 1.16
1 Kings (Geneva) 1.146
Daniel (Geneva) 1.087
Ecclesiastes (Douay-Rheims) 1.078
John (Wycliffe) 1.067
Ezekiel (Geneva) 1.041
Daniel (AKJV) 1.023
James (Geneva) 1.006
Jeremiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.987
Ezekiel (AKJV) 0.987
Ezekiel (Douay-Rheims) 0.978
1 Thessalonians (AKJV) 0.976
Revelation (Geneva) 0.936
2 Thessalonians (AKJV) 0.934
Philippians (Tyndale) 0.923
Job (Douay-Rheims) 0.916
Jeremiah (Geneva) 0.91
Revelation (Tyndale) 0.895
Exodus (ODRV) 0.889
Genesis (ODRV) 0.881
Hebrews (Tyndale) 0.861
Ephesians (Tyndale) 0.828
James (AKJV) 0.804
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.786
Revelation (AKJV) 0.757
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.757
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 0.756
Acts (Tyndale) 0.736
Genesis (AKJV) 0.726
1 Peter (Geneva) 0.713
Galatians (Geneva) 0.713
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.703
Luke (Geneva) 0.7
Galatians (AKJV) 0.684
Revelation (ODRV) 0.673
Luke (AKJV) 0.653
Acts (ODRV) 0.643
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.634
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.623
Luke (Tyndale) 0.584
Acts (AKJV) 0.565
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.551
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.535
John (Geneva) 0.525
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.459
Luke (ODRV) 0.441
Job (AKJV) 0.435
Isaiah (AKJV) 0.42
John (Tyndale) 0.405
John (AKJV) 0.367
Matthew (Geneva) 0.291
John (ODRV) 0.281
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.215
Psalms (ODRV) 0.215
Romans (Geneva) 0.137
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.045
Psalms (Geneva) -0.02
Matthew (Tyndale) -0.072
Matthew (ODRV) -0.084
1 Corinthians (Geneva) -0.294
Romans (AKJV) -0.513
1 Corinthians (AKJV) -0.697
Psalms (AKJV) -0.941
Diversity: 0.99
Evenness: 0.992
Chapter Prominence
Romans 10 (ODRV) 3.122
Jeremiah 16 (AKJV) 2.485
Deuteronomy 33 (Geneva) 1.645
Matthew 24 (AKJV) 1.6
Matthew 19 (AKJV) 1.592
Ezekiel 39 (Douay-Rheims) 0.829
Ezekiel 43 (AKJV) 0.829
1 Kings 13 (Geneva) 0.829
Psalms 34 (ODRV) 0.828
2 Chronicles 18 (Geneva) 0.828
Ezekiel 10 (Geneva) 0.828
Ezekiel 43 (Geneva) 0.828
Ezekiel 1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.827
Leviticus 25 (Douay-Rheims) 0.827
Ecclesiasticus 24 (Douay-Rheims) 0.827
Ezekiel 1 (Geneva) 0.827
Ezekiel 1 (AKJV) 0.827
Revelation 16 (Geneva) 0.827
Revelation 16 (AKJV) 0.826
Job 41 (Douay-Rheims) 0.825
Psalms 18 (Geneva) 0.825
Daniel 7 (AKJV) 0.825
Luke 18 (Geneva) 0.824
Daniel 7 (Geneva) 0.823
Ecclesiastes 1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.822
Acts 19 (Tyndale) 0.822
Isaiah 24 (AKJV) 0.82
Proverbs 2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.82
2 Corinthians 12 (ODRV) 0.819
Luke 14 (Tyndale) 0.819
John 4 (Geneva) 0.818
1 Thessalonians 2 (AKJV) 0.818
John 5 (Wycliffe) 0.817
Matthew 2 (Geneva) 0.817
Luke 18 (AKJV) 0.815
Acts 7 (ODRV) 0.813
Revelation 1 (AKJV) 0.812
Luke 10 (AKJV) 0.812
Exodus 12 (ODRV) 0.808
Proverbs 31 (AKJV) 0.808
Revelation 22 (Geneva) 0.807
Revelation 17 (ODRV) 0.807
Revelation 6 (Tyndale) 0.804
Revelation 3 (AKJV) 0.803
James 2 (Geneva) 0.803
Revelation 12 (Geneva) 0.803
Luke 21 (AKJV) 0.799
Genesis 49 (AKJV) 0.799
Isaiah 43 (AKJV) 0.799
Psalms 69 (AKJV) 0.795
Acts 24 (ODRV) 0.793
Acts 17 (AKJV) 0.792
Jeremiah 23 (Geneva) 0.791
Revelation 15 (Tyndale) 0.788
Matthew 19 (ODRV) 0.786
Romans 15 (ODRV) 0.785
Hebrews 6 (AKJV) 0.783
Proverbs 28 (AKJV) 0.78
Jeremiah 23 (Douay-Rheims) 0.78
John 16 (AKJV) 0.78
Luke 6 (Tyndale) 0.779
Ephesians 6 (Tyndale) 0.779
Revelation 22 (AKJV) 0.778
Matthew 13 (ODRV) 0.777
Revelation 3 (ODRV) 0.776
John 11 (ODRV) 0.774
John 11 (AKJV) 0.774
Psalms 73 (AKJV) 0.773
Matthew 26 (Geneva) 0.77
Psalms 19 (AKJV) 0.768
Matthew 23 (Geneva) 0.768
Job 5 (AKJV) 0.767
Genesis 1 (ODRV) 0.767
Hebrews 4 (AKJV) 0.767
Matthew 12 (Tyndale) 0.766
2 Corinthians 3 (AKJV) 0.766
Hebrews 4 (Tyndale) 0.765
Romans 10 (Geneva) 0.762
Romans 14 (Geneva) 0.757
Genesis 1 (AKJV) 0.756
Galatians 4 (AKJV) 0.755
John 18 (AKJV) 0.753
Philippians 3 (Tyndale) 0.753
Hebrews 12 (ODRV) 0.753
Galatians 3 (Geneva) 0.749
Hebrews 13 (ODRV) 0.742
Hebrews 10 (Geneva) 0.737
John 1 (AKJV) 0.73
Matthew 10 (AKJV) 0.724
1 Peter 1 (Geneva) 0.723
Romans 10 (AKJV) 0.723
Matthew 23 (AKJV) 0.717
John 5 (Tyndale) 0.709
John 1 (ODRV) 0.708
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 0.704
Luke 20 (ODRV) 0.701
John 5 (AKJV) 0.7
James 2 (AKJV) 0.7
Psalms 77 (ODRV) 0.699
Proverbs 14 (AKJV) 0.691
Romans 12 (AKJV) 0.677
1 Corinthians 15 (Geneva) 0.677
John 6 (AKJV) 0.672
Romans 11 (AKJV) 0.667
Romans 6 (AKJV) 0.661
1 Corinthians 2 (AKJV) 0.66
2 Thessalonians 2 (AKJV) 0.659
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 0.657
Romans 2 (Geneva) 0.65
1 Corinthians 15 (ODRV) 0.635
Romans 14 (AKJV) 0.615
Diversity: 0.991
Evenness: 0.992
Verse Prominence
Romans 10.10 (ODRV) 2.921
Jeremiah 16.15 (AKJV) 2.226
Matthew 24.28 (AKJV) 1.484
Deuteronomy 33.12 (Geneva) 1.484
Isaiah 24.13 (AKJV) 1.484
Matthew 19.14 (AKJV) 1.461
Ezekiel 1.28 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
Isaiah 24.15 (AKJV) 0.742
Ezekiel 39.8 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
Leviticus 25.55 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
John 6.62 (AKJV) 0.742
Ecclesiasticus 24.43 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
Exodus 12.51 (ODRV) 0.742
Romans 12.2 (AKJV) 0.742
Luke 20.7 (ODRV) 0.742
John 4.23 (Geneva) 0.742
John 11.44 (AKJV) 0.742
Proverbs 28.3 (AKJV) 0.742
Matthew 12.44 (Tyndale) 0.742
Psalms 34.5 (ODRV) 0.742
Jeremiah 23.35 (Geneva) 0.742
Jeremiah 23.35 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
Proverbs 2.17 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
2 Corinthians 12.4 (ODRV) 0.742
Genesis 1.8 (AKJV) 0.742
Genesis 1.8 (ODRV) 0.742
Job 41.10 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
Ezekiel 1.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
Ezekiel 1.21 (Geneva) 0.742
Psalms 18.10 (Geneva) 0.742
Ezekiel 1.18 (AKJV) 0.742
2 Chronicles 18.13 (Geneva) 0.742
Ezekiel 1.28 (AKJV) 0.742
Ecclesiastes 1.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.742
Genesis 49.22 (AKJV) 0.742
Acts 7.15 (ODRV) 0.742
Isaiah 24.14 (AKJV) 0.742
Isaiah 24.21 (AKJV) 0.742
Revelation 6.7 (Tyndale) 0.742
Revelation 15.6 (Tyndale) 0.742
Daniel 7.9 (Geneva) 0.742
Revelation 16.13 (Geneva) 0.742
Daniel 7.8 (AKJV) 0.742
Revelation 16.14 (AKJV) 0.742
Daniel 7.26 (AKJV) 0.742
Revelation 3.14 (AKJV) 0.742
Revelation 16.12 (AKJV) 0.742
Ezekiel 43.2 (AKJV) 0.742
Ezekiel 43.3 (AKJV) 0.742
Ezekiel 10.15 (Geneva) 0.742
Ezekiel 43.4 (Geneva) 0.742
Psalms 77.23 (ODRV) 0.742
Psalms 19.5 (AKJV) 0.742
John 1.51 (ODRV) 0.742
Luke 6.24 (Tyndale) 0.742
Matthew 13.34 (ODRV) 0.742
Acts 19.2 (Tyndale) 0.742
Hebrews 6.1 (AKJV) 0.742
Ephesians 6.2 (Tyndale) 0.742
James 2.4 (Geneva) 0.742
Luke 14.26 (Tyndale) 0.742
Romans 14.1 (AKJV) 0.742
John 5.38 (Wycliffe) 0.742
Matthew 23.1 (Geneva) 0.742
Matthew 23.1 (AKJV) 0.742
Acts 24.25 (ODRV) 0.742
1 Kings 13.13 (Geneva) 0.742
Luke 18.16 (Geneva) 0.742
Luke 18.16 (AKJV) 0.742
Matthew 19.2 (ODRV) 0.742
Luke 10.25 (AKJV) 0.742
Matthew 26.19 (Geneva) 0.742
Matthew 2.18 (Geneva) 0.742
Proverbs 14.15 (AKJV) 0.742
Genesis 49.24 (AKJV) 0.741
Proverbs 31.29 (AKJV) 0.741
1 Peter 2.2 (AKJV) 0.741
Revelation 16.10 (AKJV) 0.741
Matthew 10.22 (AKJV) 0.741
John 5.39 (AKJV) 0.741
John 5.22 (AKJV) 0.74
Hebrews 4.10 (Tyndale) 0.74
1 Thessalonians 2.15 (AKJV) 0.74
1 Peter 1.24 (Geneva) 0.74
2 Corinthians 3.10 (AKJV) 0.74
Galatians 4.26 (AKJV) 0.74
Ephesians 5.26 (AKJV) 0.74
Isaiah 43.22 (AKJV) 0.74
Hebrews 10.22 (Geneva) 0.74
John 5.23 (Tyndale) 0.739
1 Corinthians 15.45 (Geneva) 0.739
Luke 21.30 (AKJV) 0.738
Job 5.6 (AKJV) 0.738
Psalms 73.7 (AKJV) 0.738
Revelation 22.20 (AKJV) 0.738
Revelation 3.21 (ODRV) 0.738
Romans 15.13 (ODRV) 0.738
Revelation 12.11 (Geneva) 0.738
John 1.3 (AKJV) 0.737
Revelation 22.20 (Geneva) 0.735
Romans 2.1 (Geneva) 0.734
1 Corinthians 2.14 (AKJV) 0.734
John 11.48 (ODRV) 0.733
Revelation 17.5 (ODRV) 0.732
Acts 17.11 (AKJV) 0.732
1 Corinthians 15.41 (ODRV) 0.73
Revelation 1.20 (AKJV) 0.73
Galatians 3.9 (Geneva) 0.73
Philippians 3.9 (Tyndale) 0.729
John 16.13 (AKJV) 0.729
Psalms 69.22 (AKJV) 0.728
Romans 14.23 (Geneva) 0.725
Romans 10.9 (AKJV) 0.725
James 2.17 (AKJV) 0.725
Hebrews 13.8 (ODRV) 0.724
John 18.36 (AKJV) 0.724
1 Corinthians 15.53 (Geneva) 0.716
John 1.20 (ODRV) 0.716
Romans 10.10 (Geneva) 0.714
Hebrews 4.16 (AKJV) 0.713
2 Thessalonians 2.8 (AKJV) 0.703
Hebrews 12.14 (ODRV) 0.696
Romans 11.33 (AKJV) 0.696
Romans 6.3 (AKJV) 0.677
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 6.817
New Testament 1.945
Diversity: 0.953
Evenness: 0.963
Book Prominence
Daniel 9.224
James 7.007
John 4.507
Revelation 3.829
Hebrews 2.662
Canticles 2.03
Micah 1.758
Zechariah 1.706
Colossians 1.452
1 Kings 1.315
Deuteronomy 1.044
1 Samuel 1.035
Genesis 0.942
2 Timothy 0.889
Numbers 0.824
Ezekiel 0.702
Proverbs 0.565
Mark 0.437
2 Corinthians 0.422
Jeremiah 0.363
Isaiah 0.168
1 Corinthians 0.065
Exodus 0.056
Luke -0.328
Acts -0.546
Romans -0.734
Matthew -1.36
Psalms -2.04
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.984
Chapter Prominence
Daniel 7 4.463
John 4 3.301
James 2 3.287
Revelation 16 2.224
Revelation 3 2.08
Hebrews 6 2.012
Matthew 19 1.996
Ezekiel 43 1.128
Ezekiel 1 1.125
Canticles 7 1.125
1 Kings 11 1.124
Isaiah 16 1.122
Jeremiah 16 1.117
Exodus 25 1.111
Numbers 24 1.109
Revelation 15 1.106
Isaiah 13 1.097
Mark 13 1.096
Deuteronomy 13 1.092
Revelation 4 1.091
Luke 7 1.085
Canticles 6 1.083
Revelation 1 1.081
Isaiah 15 1.08
Revelation 21 1.072
Luke 14 1.067
Acts 19 1.064
Acts 11 1.059
Acts 23 1.056
2 Corinthians 3 1.051
Matthew 2 1.048
Proverbs 28 1.045
Exodus 24 1.041
Isaiah 43 1.039
Zechariah 14 1.035
Revelation 2 1.03
Isaiah 58 1.026
Luke 18 1.02
Isaiah 14 1.019
Acts 10 1.018
Genesis 49 1.018
Acts 24 1.012
Psalms 8 1.012
Romans 14 1.008
Micah 3 1.007
Colossians 1 1.003
Romans 9 0.994
Jeremiah 7 0.994
Isaiah 1 0.986
Matthew 24 0.975
2 Corinthians 12 0.973
John 11 0.972
2 Timothy 2 0.964
1 Corinthians 2 0.961
Revelation 11 0.96
Acts 2 0.956
Luke 9 0.955
Matthew 3 0.95
Acts 15 0.946
Proverbs 30 0.934
Matthew 12 0.931
Romans 10 0.926
Matthew 23 0.91
Luke 11 0.877
1 Corinthians 11 0.873
Romans 11 0.87
Matthew 26 0.803
Hebrews 10 0.784
1 Corinthians 3 0.762
1 Samuel 4 0.733
John 5 0.728
Matthew 10 0.668
Hebrews 12 0.641
John 3 0.584
1 Corinthians 10 0.557
Matthew 28 0.508
Diversity: 0.989
Evenness: 0.989
Verse Prominence
Daniel 7.9 3.253
John 4.2 2.442
James 2.17 2.44
Daniel 7.10 1.628
Matthew 3.8 1.627
Revelation 3.14 1.617
Revelation 16.10 1.616
Hebrews 6.1 1.595
Acts 10.46 0.814
Acts 10.47 0.814
Acts 10.48 0.814
Acts 19.2 0.814
Acts 11.17 0.814
Luke 9.5 0.814
Romans 14.1 0.814
1 Samuel 4.3 0.814
Matthew 19.2 0.814
Proverbs 28.3 0.814
Revelation 15.6 0.814
Revelation 16.12 0.814
Ezekiel 1.4 0.814
Revelation 16.14 0.814
Canticles 7.11 0.814
Proverbs 30.19 0.814
1 Corinthians 11.7 0.814
Romans 11.9 0.814
Matthew 24.15 0.814
Mark 13.14 0.814
Numbers 24.3 0.814
Numbers 24.4 0.814
Revelation 4.1 0.814
Psalms 8.10 0.814
1 Samuel 4.4 0.814
Exodus 25.17 0.814
Exodus 24.10 0.814
Ezekiel 43.3 0.814
Zechariah 14.5 0.814
Ezekiel 1.7 0.814
Ezekiel 1.13 0.814
Ezekiel 1.2 0.814
Revelation 21.22 0.814
Genesis 49.22 0.814
Genesis 49.1 0.814
Deuteronomy 13.12 0.814
Matthew 24.19 0.814
Isaiah 43.22 0.813
Acts 19.1 0.813
Luke 7.30 0.813
Acts 15.10 0.813
John 3.8 0.813
1 Corinthians 3.1 0.813
Isaiah 1.14 0.813
Isaiah 58.3 0.813
Jeremiah 16.14 0.813
Jeremiah 16.15 0.813
Revelation 1.1 0.813
Daniel 7.8 0.813
Revelation 16.15 0.813
Revelation 3.10 0.813
2 Corinthians 3.13 0.813
Romans 11.12 0.813
1 Kings 11.9 0.813
Micah 3.11 0.813
Isaiah 14.13 0.813
Revelation 2.17 0.813
Genesis 49.24 0.813
2 Timothy 2.14 0.812
Acts 23.6 0.812
Matthew 12.44 0.812
Genesis 49.26 0.812
Luke 14.18 0.811
Genesis 49.23 0.811
Matthew 3.10 0.81
Matthew 10.22 0.81
Acts 2.41 0.81
Romans 11.17 0.81
Genesis 49.25 0.81
1 Corinthians 2.4 0.809
1 Corinthians 2.14 0.809
Hebrews 10.22 0.809
Matthew 26.19 0.809
1 Corinthians 10.8 0.809
1 Corinthians 10.3 0.808
Matthew 3.9 0.806
Luke 14.26 0.806
2 Corinthians 12.2 0.806
John 11.48 0.805
Colossians 1.16 0.804
Acts 24.25 0.803
Revelation 3.19 0.803
Romans 11.18 0.802
Canticles 6.9 0.802
Matthew 3.7 0.8
John 5.23 0.8
Revelation 3.16 0.799
Revelation 2.14 0.799
Jeremiah 7.4 0.793
1 Corinthians 3.2 0.792
Revelation 4.2 0.792
Psalms 8.2 0.79
Revelation 11.12 0.789
Matthew 10.32 0.785
Matthew 28.19 0.782
Revelation 11.8 0.782
Hebrews 12.14 0.773
John 5.39 0.766
Hebrews 6.6 0.725
Hebrews 6.5 0.718
Hebrews 6.4 0.71
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase