Oxford and London

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 13.9% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 8.1% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 77.3% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 1.8% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 4.0% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 9.6% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 4.8% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 1.0% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 1.8% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 1.0% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 1.0% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 1.0% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent matching citation, and italicized foreign text 0.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.893
Evenness: 0.987
Part Prominence
New Testament (ODRV) 8.312
Old Testament (Vulgate) 6.184
New Testament (Vulgate) 2.697
Old Testament (ODRV) 2.667
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 2.041
Old Testament (Geneva) 1.507
New Testament (Tyndale) 0.586
New Testament (Geneva) -1.324
Old Testament (AKJV) -2.338
New Testament (AKJV) -3.341
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 0.98
Book Prominence
Romans (AKJV) 5.561
1 Peter (Geneva) 4.935
1 Timothy (ODRV) 3.104
Romans (ODRV) 2.457
Job (Vulgate) 1.761
Habakkuk (AKJV) 1.733
Joshua (Geneva) 1.731
Hosea (Geneva) 1.666
Mark (Geneva) 1.623
Titus (Tyndale) 1.623
Titus (Geneva) 1.618
2 Timothy (Geneva) 1.583
Mark (Tyndale) 1.557
1 Samuel (AKJV) 1.512
Job (Geneva) 1.398
Exodus (Geneva) 1.376
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 1.359
Matthew (Vulgate) 1.357
Acts (Geneva) 1.331
1 Timothy (AKJV) 1.318
Philippians (Geneva) 1.309
Proverbs (Geneva) 1.302
Exodus (AKJV) 1.295
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 1.274
1 Timothy (Tyndale) 1.23
Luke (Geneva) 1.219
Galatians (AKJV) 1.203
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.176
Ephesians (Geneva) 1.166
1 Corinthians (Vulgate) 1.149
1 Timothy (Geneva) 1.112
1 Peter (AKJV) 1.054
John (Geneva) 1.043
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.977
Job (AKJV) 0.954
Matthew (AKJV) 0.839
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.807
John (ODRV) 0.8
Romans (Tyndale) 0.792
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.734
Psalms (ODRV) 0.734
Romans (Geneva) 0.656
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.447
Matthew (ODRV) 0.435
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.225
1 Corinthians (AKJV) -0.179
Psalms (AKJV) -0.422
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.986
Chapter Prominence
Romans 13 (AKJV) 4.987
1 Peter 2 (Geneva) 3.935
1 Timothy 2 (ODRV) 2.51
Romans 13 (ODRV) 2.454
Job 34 (Vulgate) 1.352
Job 9 (Geneva) 1.35
Joshua 1 (Geneva) 1.35
Job 20 (AKJV) 1.348
Exodus 7 (Geneva) 1.346
Acts 5 (Geneva) 1.344
Hosea 13 (Geneva) 1.343
Mark 9 (Tyndale) 1.343
Habakkuk 1 (AKJV) 1.343
Exodus 22 (AKJV) 1.343
Job 17 (Geneva) 1.342
Psalms 1 (ODRV) 1.34
Mark 9 (Geneva) 1.338
Psalms 1 (AKJV) 1.329
Titus 2 (Tyndale) 1.328
1 Samuel 15 (AKJV) 1.317
Luke 11 (Geneva) 1.317
John 19 (Geneva) 1.316
John 18 (ODRV) 1.314
Titus 3 (Tyndale) 1.314
2 Timothy 3 (Geneva) 1.313
Proverbs 19 (Douay-Rheims) 1.313
Proverbs 20 (AKJV) 1.312
Romans 16 (AKJV) 1.311
Proverbs 28 (AKJV) 1.31
Galatians 1 (AKJV) 1.308
Luke 21 (Geneva) 1.303
Matthew 22 (Vulgate) 1.298
Proverbs 8 (Geneva) 1.294
1 Corinthians 12 (Geneva) 1.294
1 Timothy 6 (Geneva) 1.287
1 Corinthians 7 (Tyndale) 1.284
Proverbs 24 (Douay-Rheims) 1.283
Romans 11 (Tyndale) 1.282
1 Timothy 6 (ODRV) 1.281
1 Corinthians 7 (AKJV) 1.28
Proverbs 24 (AKJV) 1.279
1 Corinthians 12 (AKJV) 1.271
1 Timothy 6 (AKJV) 1.27
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 1.27
Titus 3 (Geneva) 1.27
Matthew 6 (AKJV) 1.263
1 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 1.263
Job 5 (Geneva) 1.261
Romans 1 (ODRV) 1.259
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 1.234
Romans 13 (Geneva) 1.215
1 Timothy 2 (Geneva) 1.215
1 Peter 5 (AKJV) 1.215
Philippians 2 (Geneva) 1.193
Ephesians 4 (Geneva) 1.191
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 1.187
1 Timothy 2 (Tyndale) 1.185
Job 34 (AKJV) 1.183
Ecclesiastes 8 (AKJV) 1.172
Matthew 5 (ODRV) 1.153
Romans 14 (AKJV) 1.145
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 1.129
1 Corinthians 10 (Vulgate) 1.12
Matthew 26 (Tyndale) 1.082
Ephesians 4 (AKJV) 1.04
1 Corinthians 10 (Geneva) 0.809
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.976
Verse Prominence
Romans 13.5 (Geneva) 4.968
Romans 13.5 (AKJV) 3.972
Romans 13.5 (ODRV) 2.984
1 Peter 2.13 (Geneva) 2.951
Romans 13.1 (AKJV) 2.887
1 Timothy 2.2 (Geneva) 1.962
Romans 13.1 (Tyndale) 1.959
1 Timothy 2.4 (ODRV) 1.924
Romans 13.2 (ODRV) 1.91
Ephesians 4.12 (Geneva) 0.997
Romans 1.30 (ODRV) 0.997
John 19.1 (Geneva) 0.997
Hosea 13.11 (Geneva) 0.997
Job 34.30 (Vulgate) 0.997
Galatians 1.11 (AKJV) 0.997
1 Corinthians 7.20 (Tyndale) 0.997
1 Corinthians 12.19 (Geneva) 0.997
John 18.11 (ODRV) 0.997
Matthew 26.52 (Tyndale) 0.997
Job 20.16 (AKJV) 0.997
Psalms 1.5 (AKJV) 0.997
1 Timothy 6.1 (ODRV) 0.997
1 Timothy 6.2 (Geneva) 0.997
1 Timothy 6.4 (Geneva) 0.997
Titus 3.1 (Geneva) 0.997
Titus 3.1 (Tyndale) 0.997
Titus 3.2 (Geneva) 0.997
Exodus 7.1 (Geneva) 0.997
Job 9.12 (Geneva) 0.997
Joshua 1.17 (Geneva) 0.997
1 Corinthians 10.26 (Geneva) 0.997
Romans 11.36 (Tyndale) 0.996
1 Corinthians 12.17 (Geneva) 0.996
Matthew 5.22 (ODRV) 0.996
Mark 9.46 (Tyndale) 0.996
Mark 9.44 (Geneva) 0.996
Acts 5.39 (Geneva) 0.995
Proverbs 28.2 (AKJV) 0.995
1 Corinthians 12.17 (AKJV) 0.995
Psalms 1.6 (ODRV) 0.995
Mark 9.46 (Geneva) 0.995
Habakkuk 1.14 (AKJV) 0.995
Romans 14.16 (AKJV) 0.995
Exodus 22.28 (AKJV) 0.995
Luke 11.2 (Geneva) 0.994
Mark 9.44 (Tyndale) 0.994
Romans 13.2 (Tyndale) 0.993
Matthew 6.10 (AKJV) 0.992
1 Corinthians 7.20 (AKJV) 0.992
Job 17.16 (Geneva) 0.992
1 Timothy 6.5 (Geneva) 0.992
Romans 16.17 (AKJV) 0.991
1 Peter 2.18 (Tyndale) 0.991
Titus 2.9 (Tyndale) 0.991
1 Samuel 15.22 (AKJV) 0.99
2 Timothy 3.5 (Geneva) 0.99
1 Timothy 2.4 (Tyndale) 0.989
Proverbs 20.2 (AKJV) 0.988
Ephesians 5.20 (AKJV) 0.987
Romans 13.5 (Tyndale) 0.986
1 Corinthians 10.26 (Vulgate) 0.986
Proverbs 24.21 (Douay-Rheims) 0.985
1 Timothy 6.3 (Geneva) 0.984
1 Timothy 6.3 (AKJV) 0.983
Ephesians 4.11 (AKJV) 0.983
Proverbs 24.22 (AKJV) 0.982
Luke 21.19 (Geneva) 0.98
Romans 13.1 (ODRV) 0.978
Romans 13.7 (Geneva) 0.977
Philippians 2.5 (Geneva) 0.975
Proverbs 19.12 (Douay-Rheims) 0.975
Job 5.6 (Geneva) 0.972
Proverbs 8.15 (Geneva) 0.97
Matthew 22.21 (Vulgate) 0.966
1 Timothy 2.3 (AKJV) 0.952
1 Timothy 2.3 (Geneva) 0.952
1 Peter 2.13 (AKJV) 0.947
1 Timothy 2.1 (Geneva) 0.928
Romans 13.1 (Geneva) 0.919
1 Peter 5.11 (AKJV) 0.918
Job 34.18 (AKJV) 0.897
Ecclesiastes 8.4 (AKJV) 0.887
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 6.817
New Testament 1.945
Diversity: 0.969
Evenness: 0.997
Book Prominence
Proverbs 3.745
Amos 2.233
Habakkuk 2.214
Judges 2.129
Apocalypse 2.101
James 1.84
Titus 1.827
2 Samuel 1.755
Hosea 1.713
Joshua 1.508
Ecclesiastes 1.401
Deuteronomy 1.283
1 Samuel 1.274
1 Timothy 1.2
Genesis 1.18
2 Timothy 1.128
1 Peter 1.074
Philippians 0.969
Ephesians 0.896
Job 0.845
Galatians 0.819
Mark 0.675
Jeremiah 0.602
Isaiah 0.406
1 Corinthians 0.304
Exodus 0.295
Hebrews 0.198
Luke -0.089
Acts -0.308
Romans -0.495
John -0.66
Matthew -1.122
Psalms -1.802
Diversity: 0.988
Evenness: 0.999
Chapter Prominence
Proverbs 8 2.173
Genesis 10 1.184
Joshua 12 1.182
Apocalypse 12 1.18
Judges 10 1.18
2 Samuel 8 1.178
Exodus 40 1.178
Jeremiah 33 1.177
2 Samuel 21 1.17
Apocalypse 4 1.163
Psalms 41 1.163
Joshua 1 1.161
1 Samuel 25 1.161
Psalms 69 1.159
Exodus 4 1.158
Psalms 109 1.158
Exodus 7 1.154
Apocalypse 13 1.151
2 Samuel 11 1.149
2 Samuel 2 1.145
Proverbs 20 1.144
Ecclesiastes 5 1.14
Job 20 1.135
Psalms 58 1.133
Exodus 22 1.126
Deuteronomy 21 1.108
Proverbs 28 1.101
1 Timothy 6 1.094
Amos 3 1.093
1 Samuel 8 1.076
Luke 10 1.074
Job 19 1.072
Matthew 20 1.071
Romans 16 1.068
Proverbs 10 1.068
Acts 24 1.068
Habakkuk 1 1.066
Romans 14 1.063
Acts 5 1.059
Matthew 27 1.057
Isaiah 49 1.054
Titus 3 1.051
Hosea 13 1.051
Psalms 50 1.047
Psalms 55 1.045
Psalms 39 1.039
Matthew 17 1.038
Ephesians 6 1.037
Genesis 1 1.031
Deuteronomy 17 1.029
Ecclesiastes 8 1.029
John 19 1.016
Proverbs 24 1.016
Job 34 1.015
Matthew 21 1.014
1 Timothy 2 1.013
James 1 1.007
Psalms 2 1.005
Psalms 82 1.005
Mark 6 1.005
1 Samuel 15 0.998
Matthew 12 0.986
Exodus 18 0.982
1 Corinthians 7 0.976
Hebrews 7 0.973
Isaiah 66 0.97
2 Timothy 3 0.948
Matthew 18 0.946
Romans 12 0.941
Romans 11 0.925
Acts 4 0.923
Job 5 0.908
1 Corinthians 14 0.907
Philippians 2 0.9
2 Timothy 4 0.895
Galatians 1 0.869
Matthew 26 0.859
Matthew 5 0.849
1 Peter 2 0.843
Matthew 22 0.82
Ephesians 4 0.757
Romans 13 0.447
Diversity: 0.991
Evenness: 0.999
Verse Prominence
Proverbs 8.16 1.655
Proverbs 8.15 1.528
1 Samuel 8.22 0.842
Deuteronomy 21.3 0.842
Deuteronomy 21.4 0.842
1 Corinthians 7.21 0.842
Psalms 58.1 0.842
Psalms 39.8 0.842
Job 20.16 0.842
1 Timothy 2.10 0.842
Ecclesiastes 8.1 0.842
Job 19.20 0.842
Matthew 27.26 0.842
Jeremiah 33.5 0.842
Jeremiah 33.6 0.842
Galatians 1.1 0.842
Apocalypse 4.11 0.842
Genesis 10.9 0.842
Genesis 10.10 0.842
Mark 6.10 0.842
Judges 10.15 0.842
2 Samuel 8.5 0.842
Exodus 40.15 0.842
Matthew 20.14 0.842
Psalms 41.8 0.842
Isaiah 66.24 0.842
Matthew 18.2 0.842
Joshua 1.16 0.842
Joshua 1.17 0.842
2 Samuel 8.12 0.842
Matthew 21.3 0.842
Proverbs 20.2 0.842
Job 34.30 0.841
1 Corinthians 7.22 0.841
1 Peter 2.18 0.841
1 Peter 2.19 0.841
Matthew 26.53 0.841
1 Corinthians 7.12 0.841
Exodus 4.16 0.841
Psalms 69.12 0.841
Psalms 109.6 0.841
Romans 12.10 0.841
1 Samuel 25.37 0.841
John 19.11 0.84
Acts 5.39 0.84
2 Samuel 11.11 0.84
Amos 3.8 0.84
Job 5.6 0.839
Exodus 18.25 0.839
1 Corinthians 14.12 0.839
Titus 3.2 0.838
2 Timothy 4.17 0.838
Psalms 50.21 0.838
Ephesians 6.1 0.838
2 Samuel 8.11 0.838
Proverbs 10.7 0.837
Psalms 55.16 0.837
Matthew 20.27 0.837
Habakkuk 1.13 0.837
Proverbs 24.22 0.837
Romans 12.7 0.836
Ecclesiastes 5.1 0.836
Luke 10.42 0.836
Matthew 27.4 0.835
1 Timothy 6.4 0.835
1 Timothy 6.5 0.835
Acts 24.2 0.835
Romans 16.17 0.834
1 Corinthians 7.20 0.834
Exodus 7.1 0.834
2 Samuel 21.17 0.834
James 1.17 0.833
Matthew 27.3 0.832
Proverbs 28.2 0.831
1 Timothy 6.3 0.831
Amos 3.6 0.83
Matthew 26.52 0.83
1 Samuel 15.22 0.829
Matthew 27.5 0.828
Apocalypse 13.10 0.828
2 Timothy 3.5 0.826
Romans 14.23 0.826
Psalms 82.1 0.826
2 Timothy 3.1 0.823
Genesis 1.26 0.823
Psalms 2.11 0.823
Exodus 22.28 0.823
Romans 11.36 0.822
1 Peter 2.14 0.82
Hebrews 7.8 0.82
Deuteronomy 17.8 0.816
Deuteronomy 17.9 0.815
Isaiah 49.23 0.814
Titus 3.1 0.811
1 Timothy 2.4 0.809
Matthew 5.22 0.807
Ephesians 4.12 0.803
Matthew 20.28 0.803
Matthew 17.27 0.802
Ephesians 4.11 0.8
Philippians 2.4 0.796
Romans 13.5 0.793
Matthew 12.25 0.793
1 Timothy 2.1 0.789
Amos 3.1 0.781
Acts 4.19 0.774
Hosea 13.11 0.773
Ecclesiastes 8.4 0.753
Habakkuk 1.14 0.719
Job 34.18 0.713
1 Samuel 15.23 0.702
Proverbs 24.21 0.674
1 Peter 2.13 0.673
Psalms 82.6 0.665
Matthew 22.21 0.629
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase