Bible. -- N.T. -- Gospels -- Criticism, interpretation, etc

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 8.9% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 3.6% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 84.1% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.6% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 2.3% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 8.0% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 3.0% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 0.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.76
Evenness: 0.898
Part Prominence
New Testament (Geneva) 29.055
New Testament (AKJV) 7.942
Old Testament (Geneva) 0.225
New Testament (Tyndale) 0.219
New Testament (ODRV) -1.032
Old Testament (AKJV) -1.86
Diversity: 0.969
Evenness: 0.973
Book Prominence
Romans (Geneva) 6.768
Romans (AKJV) 6.471
1 John (AKJV) 3.49
Mark (Tyndale) 1.883
Mark (AKJV) 1.827
Titus (Geneva) 1.814
Jude (AKJV) 1.78
Galatians (Tyndale) 1.636
Ephesians (Tyndale) 1.605
James (ODRV) 1.604
1 Peter (ODRV) 1.598
1 John (Geneva) 1.593
2 Peter (AKJV) 1.589
Ecclesiastes (Geneva) 1.545
1 Timothy (Geneva) 1.529
Acts (Tyndale) 1.516
Acts (Geneva) 1.511
1 Timothy (AKJV) 1.389
Acts (ODRV) 1.337
Hebrews (ODRV) 1.309
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 1.303
Philippians (AKJV) 1.267
Ephesians (Geneva) 1.259
John (Tyndale) 1.204
Luke (Geneva) 1.185
John (Geneva) 1.184
Ephesians (AKJV) 1.152
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 1.142
Romans (Tyndale) 1.122
Matthew (Tyndale) 1.019
John (ODRV) 0.992
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.957
Romans (ODRV) 0.889
John (AKJV) 0.881
Matthew (Geneva) 0.87
Luke (AKJV) 0.864
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.84
Matthew (ODRV) 0.683
Matthew (AKJV) 0.561
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.514
Psalms (Geneva) 0.366
Psalms (AKJV) -0.525
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.982
Chapter Prominence
Romans 1 (Geneva) 5.297
Romans 1 (AKJV) 5.293
1 John 5 (AKJV) 2.644
Romans 15 (AKJV) 2.628
1 Corinthians 1 (Geneva) 2.619
Acts 25 (Tyndale) 1.347
Mark 8 (Tyndale) 1.346
Matthew 1 (Tyndale) 1.345
Mark 8 (AKJV) 1.341
Acts 14 (ODRV) 1.338
Psalms 66 (Geneva) 1.329
Ecclesiastes 2 (Geneva) 1.328
Hebrews 8 (AKJV) 1.326
Luke 8 (AKJV) 1.325
Acts 17 (Geneva) 1.325
Luke 18 (Geneva) 1.322
1 Peter 4 (ODRV) 1.315
Psalms 2 (Geneva) 1.314
Matthew 27 (ODRV) 1.31
John 10 (Geneva) 1.307
1 Peter 3 (ODRV) 1.303
Romans 1 (Tyndale) 1.301
Matthew 22 (Geneva) 1.301
2 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 1.297
1 Corinthians 9 (Geneva) 1.294
John 10 (AKJV) 1.294
Galatians 3 (Tyndale) 1.291
Matthew 13 (Geneva) 1.29
Luke 22 (Geneva) 1.288
Matthew 26 (AKJV) 1.288
Ephesians 5 (Tyndale) 1.286
2 Corinthians 3 (Geneva) 1.283
1 Timothy 4 (Geneva) 1.283
Romans 4 (Geneva) 1.282
Matthew 12 (ODRV) 1.282
Psalms 14 (AKJV) 1.279
Matthew 15 (AKJV) 1.278
John 10 (ODRV) 1.27
Titus 2 (Geneva) 1.269
Romans 1 (ODRV) 1.268
1 John 5 (Geneva) 1.261
John 3 (AKJV) 1.254
John 6 (Geneva) 1.254
1 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 1.251
John 6 (AKJV) 1.251
James 2 (ODRV) 1.251
Matthew 16 (ODRV) 1.248
1 Corinthians 2 (Geneva) 1.243
1 Corinthians 2 (AKJV) 1.243
Hebrews 12 (ODRV) 1.24
2 Corinthians 5 (Geneva) 1.232
Ephesians 5 (Geneva) 1.229
John 6 (ODRV) 1.219
John 3 (Tyndale) 1.217
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 1.21
2 Peter 1 (AKJV) 1.204
1 Corinthians 1 (AKJV) 1.203
Hebrews 12 (AKJV) 1.203
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 1.195
Romans 8 (ODRV) 1.179
Jude 1 (AKJV) 1.179
Philippians 2 (AKJV) 1.135
Romans 13 (Geneva) 1.087
1 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 1.077
Romans 13 (AKJV) 1.063
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.985
Verse Prominence
Romans 1.16 (Geneva) 4.642
Romans 1.16 (AKJV) 4.638
Romans 15.19 (AKJV) 2.324
1 John 5.7 (AKJV) 2.319
1 Corinthians 1.23 (Geneva) 2.306
2 Corinthians 10.8 (AKJV) 1.162
Acts 14.6 (ODRV) 1.162
1 Peter 4.16 (ODRV) 1.162
John 6.30 (AKJV) 1.162
Mark 8.11 (AKJV) 1.162
Psalms 66.17 (Geneva) 1.162
James 2.4 (ODRV) 1.162
Romans 1.14 (Geneva) 1.162
Matthew 1.16 (Tyndale) 1.162
Ecclesiastes 2.13 (Geneva) 1.162
John 6.53 (AKJV) 1.162
Matthew 22.29 (Geneva) 1.162
John 6.9 (ODRV) 1.162
Mark 8.38 (Tyndale) 1.162
Romans 1.22 (Tyndale) 1.161
Matthew 26.3 (AKJV) 1.161
John 10.37 (ODRV) 1.161
John 10.37 (AKJV) 1.161
John 10.37 (Geneva) 1.161
John 10.38 (AKJV) 1.161
Galatians 3.11 (Tyndale) 1.161
Acts 25.19 (Tyndale) 1.161
Matthew 12.39 (ODRV) 1.161
Matthew 13.13 (Geneva) 1.16
John 10.6 (ODRV) 1.16
Hebrews 12.26 (AKJV) 1.16
Matthew 27.52 (ODRV) 1.16
Romans 8.26 (ODRV) 1.16
1 Timothy 4.1 (Geneva) 1.16
2 Corinthians 3.9 (Geneva) 1.159
Romans 1.14 (AKJV) 1.159
1 Corinthians 1.28 (AKJV) 1.158
Luke 8.15 (AKJV) 1.158
Acts 17.18 (Geneva) 1.158
1 Corinthians 1.22 (AKJV) 1.158
2 Corinthians 5.10 (Geneva) 1.158
1 Corinthians 1.20 (Geneva) 1.157
1 Corinthians 2.8 (Geneva) 1.157
Romans 1.16 (ODRV) 1.157
Romans 8.34 (ODRV) 1.157
John 6.53 (Geneva) 1.157
Luke 18.8 (Geneva) 1.156
1 Corinthians 2.8 (AKJV) 1.156
1 Peter 3.18 (ODRV) 1.156
1 Corinthians 10.15 (AKJV) 1.156
Psalms 2.12 (Geneva) 1.156
Hebrews 8.6 (AKJV) 1.156
Ephesians 5.21 (Geneva) 1.155
Ephesians 5.21 (AKJV) 1.155
1 Corinthians 1.17 (AKJV) 1.155
Matthew 16.27 (ODRV) 1.155
Psalms 2.10 (Geneva) 1.155
1 Corinthians 9.4 (Geneva) 1.154
1 Corinthians 2.2 (AKJV) 1.154
Jude 1.3 (AKJV) 1.151
1 John 5.7 (Geneva) 1.15
Ephesians 5.21 (Tyndale) 1.15
Romans 13.6 (Tyndale) 1.15
Romans 4.25 (Geneva) 1.149
John 3.17 (AKJV) 1.148
Titus 2.11 (Geneva) 1.148
Luke 22.69 (Geneva) 1.146
Matthew 15.14 (AKJV) 1.139
2 Peter 1.5 (AKJV) 1.134
Romans 13.7 (AKJV) 1.132
1 Timothy 3.16 (AKJV) 1.13
Titus 2.12 (Geneva) 1.124
Hebrews 12.14 (ODRV) 1.12
Philippians 2.12 (AKJV) 1.115
Psalms 14.1 (AKJV) 1.114
John 3.13 (Tyndale) 1.114
Romans 13.1 (Geneva) 1.019
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.947
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Titus 4.102
Mark 3.981
2 Peter 3.874
1 John 3.81
2 Timothy 3.729
1 Timothy 3.465
Galatians 3.437
1 Peter 3.255
Ephesians 3.215
2 Corinthians 2.867
Hebrews 2.48
Acts 2.251
John 2.193
Luke 2.161
1 Corinthians 2.047
Isaiah 1.973
Romans 1.532
Matthew 1.434
Psalms 0.229
Diversity: 0.98
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Acts 25 1.998
Mark 4 1.988
Acts 22 1.975
Hebrews 8 1.971
Mark 8 1.968
Luke 8 1.957
Acts 11 1.947
Acts 14 1.94
Matthew 27 1.923
Matthew 4 1.907
Luke 18 1.903
1 John 5 1.89
Luke 23 1.889
Romans 15 1.887
Luke 11 1.883
1 Corinthians 4 1.879
Isaiah 53 1.879
Romans 4 1.868
2 Timothy 1 1.866
John 10 1.865
1 Peter 4 1.856
Matthew 12 1.849
1 Timothy 1 1.831
John 4 1.83
Romans 7 1.824
Romans 3 1.815
1 Corinthians 2 1.814
2 Peter 3 1.807
Titus 2 1.807
Romans 10 1.806
Matthew 16 1.803
Matthew 13 1.8
Matthew 23 1.795
Psalms 2 1.795
Ephesians 6 1.794
Ephesians 2 1.782
Galatians 5 1.769
1 Corinthians 6 1.767
2 Timothy 3 1.76
Acts 17 1.725
1 Corinthians 1 1.725
Romans 2 1.723
John 3 1.72
2 Corinthians 5 1.654
Hebrews 12 1.644
Romans 1 1.62
1 Corinthians 15 1.597
Matthew 5 1.541
Romans 13 1.463
Diversity: 0.986
Evenness: 0.998
Verse Prominence
Luke 8.15 2.697
Mark 8.38 2.691
Acts 22.21 1.351
Luke 11.16 1.351
Luke 11.30 1.351
Romans 15.17 1.35
Mark 4.3 1.35
Luke 8.5 1.35
Matthew 23.26 1.35
Matthew 27.40 1.35
Matthew 27.41 1.35
Matthew 16.1 1.35
Matthew 4.12 1.35
Luke 11.29 1.35
John 4.48 1.35
John 10.38 1.35
Galatians 5.11 1.35
1 Timothy 1.11 1.349
2 Timothy 1.8 1.349
Matthew 13.23 1.349
Matthew 27.42 1.349
1 Corinthians 4.8 1.348
Acts 25.19 1.348
Matthew 12.38 1.348
Romans 4.24 1.348
1 Corinthians 4.10 1.347
1 Peter 4.16 1.347
Acts 11.21 1.347
Romans 10.16 1.347
Romans 15.19 1.346
1 Corinthians 2.1 1.346
2 Timothy 1.16 1.346
Matthew 13.3 1.346
Matthew 23.16 1.346
Matthew 12.39 1.345
John 3.17 1.345
John 10.14 1.344
Matthew 23.3 1.343
John 10.30 1.343
1 John 5.7 1.343
1 Corinthians 4.4 1.342
1 Corinthians 4.3 1.342
John 10.11 1.34
Romans 3.20 1.34
2 Peter 3.3 1.339
Hebrews 8.6 1.339
1 Corinthians 4.7 1.337
Matthew 5.20 1.337
Luke 23.34 1.337
Luke 18.8 1.336
Psalms 2.12 1.336
Ephesians 6.17 1.335
1 Corinthians 1.20 1.334
1 Corinthians 1.23 1.333
Isaiah 53.1 1.333
2 Timothy 3.1 1.332
1 Corinthians 2.8 1.331
1 Corinthians 15.32 1.33
Romans 1.28 1.33
Ephesians 2.3 1.323
1 Timothy 1.15 1.322
Acts 17.11 1.321
2 Timothy 1.12 1.319
Titus 2.11 1.311
1 Corinthians 6.9 1.31
Romans 7.24 1.304
Acts 17.28 1.304
Titus 2.12 1.3
Hebrews 12.14 1.297
2 Corinthians 5.10 1.291
Romans 13.2 1.266
Romans 13.1 1.096
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase