Bible. -- N.T. -- Matthew IV, 3

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 4.0% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 1.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 87.0% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 1.0% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 9.7% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 1.5% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 1.0% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.4% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.88
Evenness: 0.985
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Vulgate) 8.254
New Testament (AKJV) 7.942
Old Testament (ODRV) 3.648
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 1.49
Old Testament (Geneva) 0.225
New Testament (Tyndale) 0.219
New Testament (Geneva) -0.945
New Testament (ODRV) -1.032
Old Testament (AKJV) -1.86
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 0.995
Book Prominence
Nehemiah (AKJV) 4.641
Matthew (AKJV) 3.282
2 Kings (Vulgate) 2.365
Philemon (AKJV) 2.352
Leviticus (Geneva) 2.212
Lamentations (Geneva) 2.179
3 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 2.165
Leviticus (Douay-Rheims) 2.162
1 Samuel (Geneva) 2.143
Judges (AKJV) 2.135
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 2.127
Leviticus (AKJV) 2.091
2 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 2.048
Exodus (ODRV) 2.035
1 Samuel (AKJV) 1.978
Exodus (Geneva) 1.959
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 1.947
James (ODRV) 1.944
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 1.81
Exodus (AKJV) 1.807
Genesis (Geneva) 1.793
Galatians (AKJV) 1.721
Job (Geneva) 1.67
Luke (Tyndale) 1.642
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 1.615
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 1.561
Luke (Geneva) 1.525
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 1.518
Genesis (AKJV) 1.493
Romans (Tyndale) 1.462
Luke (ODRV) 1.445
Matthew (Tyndale) 1.359
Job (AKJV) 1.332
Psalms (ODRV) 1.254
Matthew (Geneva) 1.21
Luke (AKJV) 1.204
Matthew (ODRV) 1.023
Psalms (Geneva) 0.706
Romans (AKJV) 0.689
Psalms (AKJV) -0.185
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Nehemiah 6 (AKJV) 3.163
Matthew 4 (AKJV) 3.144
2 Kings 17 (Vulgate) 1.586
1 Kings 28 (Douay-Rheims) 1.585
Leviticus 5 (Geneva) 1.584
1 Samuel 28 (Geneva) 1.582
Leviticus 16 (Douay-Rheims) 1.581
Job 18 (Geneva) 1.581
1 Samuel 28 (AKJV) 1.58
2 Kings 2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.58
Leviticus 18 (AKJV) 1.579
Deuteronomy 16 (Douay-Rheims) 1.578
Genesis 27 (Geneva) 1.578
3 Kings 19 (Douay-Rheims) 1.577
3 Kings 12 (Douay-Rheims) 1.577
Exodus 24 (AKJV) 1.575
Psalms 120 (ODRV) 1.574
Philemon 1 (AKJV) 1.573
Luke 8 (Tyndale) 1.572
Matthew 4 (Tyndale) 1.57
Exodus 32 (Geneva) 1.57
Job 2 (AKJV) 1.567
Isaiah 49 (Douay-Rheims) 1.566
Matthew 21 (ODRV) 1.564
Psalms 36 (ODRV) 1.564
Luke 2 (Geneva) 1.56
Psalms 45 (Geneva) 1.559
Matthew 28 (Tyndale) 1.559
Psalms 107 (Geneva) 1.558
Matthew 4 (ODRV) 1.557
Leviticus 26 (Douay-Rheims) 1.556
James 5 (ODRV) 1.555
Exodus 20 (Geneva) 1.552
Exodus 20 (AKJV) 1.552
1 Corinthians 4 (Tyndale) 1.549
Matthew 6 (Tyndale) 1.548
Genesis 27 (AKJV) 1.548
Exodus 20 (ODRV) 1.547
Judges 21 (AKJV) 1.547
2 Corinthians 11 (ODRV) 1.547
Luke 10 (Geneva) 1.546
Deuteronomy 5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.544
Matthew 8 (ODRV) 1.537
Romans 4 (Tyndale) 1.537
Deuteronomy 5 (AKJV) 1.536
Luke 22 (ODRV) 1.536
Matthew 19 (Tyndale) 1.533
Matthew 12 (Geneva) 1.53
Luke 10 (ODRV) 1.528
Luke 6 (Geneva) 1.525
Luke 22 (AKJV) 1.525
Psalms 50 (AKJV) 1.524
Luke 22 (Geneva) 1.523
Luke 23 (ODRV) 1.52
Matthew 15 (AKJV) 1.514
Lamentations 3 (Geneva) 1.508
Matthew 26 (Tyndale) 1.495
Galatians 3 (AKJV) 1.486
Romans 7 (AKJV) 1.485
Psalms 107 (AKJV) 1.449
Romans 8 (AKJV) 1.252
Diversity: 0.985
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Nehemiah 6.3 (AKJV) 2.896
Matthew 4.1 (AKJV) 2.891
1 Samuel 28.14 (AKJV) 1.449
Matthew 6.11 (Tyndale) 1.449
Luke 6.4 (Geneva) 1.449
Exodus 32.23 (Geneva) 1.449
2 Kings 2.16 (Douay-Rheims) 1.449
2 Kings 17.7 (Vulgate) 1.448
1 Samuel 28.16 (Geneva) 1.448
Luke 2.47 (Geneva) 1.448
Matthew 4.2 (ODRV) 1.448
Exodus 24.17 (AKJV) 1.448
3 Kings 19.8 (Douay-Rheims) 1.448
Psalms 107.5 (Geneva) 1.448
Luke 22.35 (AKJV) 1.448
Luke 22.35 (Geneva) 1.448
Psalms 50.12 (AKJV) 1.448
Matthew 12.12 (Geneva) 1.448
Matthew 26.68 (Tyndale) 1.448
Luke 23.39 (ODRV) 1.448
Genesis 27.38 (Geneva) 1.448
Leviticus 18.20 (AKJV) 1.448
1 Kings 28.13 (Douay-Rheims) 1.448
Psalms 36.24 (ODRV) 1.448
Job 18.5 (Geneva) 1.448
Judges 21.3 (AKJV) 1.447
Exodus 20.3 (Geneva) 1.447
Leviticus 16.31 (Douay-Rheims) 1.447
Leviticus 26.2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.447
Philemon 1.15 (AKJV) 1.447
Psalms 45.14 (Geneva) 1.447
Genesis 27.36 (AKJV) 1.447
Leviticus 5.5 (Geneva) 1.447
Job 2.2 (AKJV) 1.447
Matthew 4.3 (ODRV) 1.446
Matthew 4.2 (AKJV) 1.446
Matthew 4.2 (Tyndale) 1.446
Psalms 107.5 (AKJV) 1.446
Deuteronomy 16.22 (Douay-Rheims) 1.446
3 Kings 12.29 (Douay-Rheims) 1.446
Matthew 19.19 (Tyndale) 1.446
Luke 22.48 (ODRV) 1.446
Deuteronomy 5.19 (Douay-Rheims) 1.446
Luke 8.11 (Tyndale) 1.445
Luke 10.42 (Geneva) 1.445
Exodus 20.13 (ODRV) 1.445
2 Kings 2.14 (Douay-Rheims) 1.445
Matthew 8.29 (ODRV) 1.444
Psalms 120.4 (ODRV) 1.444
James 5.12 (ODRV) 1.444
1 Corinthians 4.15 (Tyndale) 1.444
Galatians 3.1 (AKJV) 1.444
Matthew 21.13 (ODRV) 1.443
Luke 10.41 (ODRV) 1.443
Isaiah 49.15 (Douay-Rheims) 1.442
Romans 4.21 (Tyndale) 1.442
Lamentations 3.40 (Geneva) 1.441
Matthew 15.8 (AKJV) 1.441
Matthew 28.13 (Tyndale) 1.441
Psalms 50.14 (AKJV) 1.44
Deuteronomy 5.11 (AKJV) 1.436
Exodus 20.8 (AKJV) 1.436
Exodus 20.8 (Geneva) 1.436
2 Corinthians 11.14 (ODRV) 1.434
Exodus 20.8 (ODRV) 1.428
Romans 7.23 (AKJV) 1.428
Romans 8.37 (AKJV) 1.418
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.93
Evenness: 0.992
Book Prominence
Job 10.25
Nehemiah 5.633
Joshua 5.372
Leviticus 5.264
1 Kings 4.833
2 Samuel 4.651
1 Samuel 4.533
Exodus 4.142
2 Corinthians 3.854
Genesis 3.792
John 3.18
Luke 3.148
Isaiah 2.959
Romans 2.519
Matthew 2.421
Diversity: 0.957
Evenness: 0.995
Chapter Prominence
Job 1 7.843
Nehemiah 6 3.975
Isaiah 36 3.972
Exodus 24 3.969
1 Samuel 18 3.962
Exodus 5 3.959
2 Samuel 17 3.958
1 Samuel 28 3.958
Genesis 37 3.943
1 Kings 12 3.934
1 Samuel 17 3.933
2 Samuel 2 3.931
Joshua 7 3.916
Luke 4 3.914
Job 2 3.913
Leviticus 26 3.909
John 2 3.883
Matthew 14 3.873
Matthew 4 3.866
Exodus 32 3.856
Genesis 4 3.846
2 Corinthians 11 3.826
Matthew 12 3.808
Romans 7 3.783
Diversity: 0.944
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
Isaiah 36.4 5.552
Nehemiah 6.3 5.552
1 Samuel 17.25 5.552
1 Samuel 17.39 5.552
Matthew 14.9 5.551
Leviticus 26.2 5.55
Luke 4.13 5.549
2 Samuel 2.16 5.549
1 Samuel 28.19 5.549
2 Samuel 17.2 5.548
Joshua 7.13 5.548
Matthew 4.3 5.547
2 Samuel 2.14 5.546
1 Kings 12.28 5.545
Exodus 5.2 5.54
Job 2.4 5.539
Romans 7.23 5.536
2 Corinthians 11.14 5.534
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase