Bible. -- N.T. -- Romans XIII, 2 -- 17th century

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 15.9% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 7.3% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 79.7% 100.0%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 3.5% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 18.7% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 4.8% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.903
Evenness: 0.988
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Vulgate) 6.587
New Testament (Geneva) 5.722
Apocrypha (AKJV) 3.612
New Testament (Vulgate) 3.388
Old Testament (ODRV) 1.981
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -0.177
Old Testament (Geneva) -1.441
New Testament (Tyndale) -1.447
New Testament (ODRV) -2.699
Old Testament (AKJV) -3.527
New Testament (AKJV) -3.725
Diversity: 0.971
Evenness: 0.971
Book Prominence
Romans (AKJV) 9.022
Ezekiel (AKJV) 3.182
Matthew (ODRV) 2.214
Romans (Geneva) 2.177
Ezra (Vulgate) 1.785
Bel and the Dragon (AKJV) 1.777
Joshua (Geneva) 1.666
Luke (Vulgate) 1.657
Daniel (ODRV) 1.639
Numbers (Geneva) 1.605
2 Samuel (Geneva) 1.561
1 Samuel (Geneva) 1.547
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.532
Matthew (Vulgate) 1.531
Jude (AKJV) 1.525
2 Peter (Tyndale) 1.519
1 Kings (AKJV) 1.509
Daniel (AKJV) 1.508
Ezekiel (Geneva) 1.498
Daniel (Geneva) 1.488
2 Chronicles (AKJV) 1.445
2 Timothy (Geneva) 1.408
Philippians (Geneva) 1.368
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.277
Acts (Tyndale) 1.261
Acts (Geneva) 1.256
2 Timothy (AKJV) 1.187
1 Timothy (AKJV) 1.134
Acts (ODRV) 1.081
Luke (Tyndale) 1.047
Philippians (ODRV) 1.037
Ephesians (Geneva) 1.004
Acts (AKJV) 0.95
John (Tyndale) 0.949
John (Geneva) 0.929
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.897
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.887
Romans (Tyndale) 0.867
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.764
John (ODRV) 0.737
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.702
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.642
Romans (ODRV) 0.634
John (AKJV) 0.626
Matthew (Geneva) 0.615
Matthew (AKJV) 0.306
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.259
Psalms (AKJV) -0.78
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.978
Chapter Prominence
Romans 13 (AKJV) 8.283
Ezekiel 24 (AKJV) 2.85
Matthew 22 (ODRV) 2.735
Romans 13 (Geneva) 2.593
Ezra 5 (Vulgate) 1.428
Bel and the Dragon 1 (AKJV) 1.424
Acts 25 (Tyndale) 1.424
2 Samuel 13 (Geneva) 1.423
1 Kings 15 (AKJV) 1.421
2 Chronicles 36 (AKJV) 1.419
1 Kings 16 (Douay-Rheims) 1.418
Luke 20 (Vulgate) 1.417
Acts 12 (Geneva) 1.415
Joshua 1 (Geneva) 1.414
Acts 12 (AKJV) 1.413
Ezekiel 24 (Geneva) 1.412
Daniel 3 (ODRV) 1.41
Numbers 16 (Geneva) 1.409
1 Samuel 15 (Geneva) 1.409
Acts 12 (ODRV) 1.404
Daniel 6 (AKJV) 1.402
Daniel 6 (Geneva) 1.401
Matthew 22 (Vulgate) 1.397
Daniel 3 (AKJV) 1.395
John 4 (Tyndale) 1.391
Matthew 23 (Tyndale) 1.39
John 10 (Geneva) 1.385
Luke 17 (Tyndale) 1.382
Acts 13 (AKJV) 1.376
2 Peter 1 (Tyndale) 1.373
2 Corinthians 12 (AKJV) 1.373
Romans 11 (ODRV) 1.373
John 10 (AKJV) 1.371
Ephesians 3 (Geneva) 1.367
Matthew 26 (AKJV) 1.365
2 Timothy 3 (Geneva) 1.363
Psalms 139 (AKJV) 1.361
Matthew 26 (ODRV) 1.357
John 10 (ODRV) 1.347
Matthew 24 (Geneva) 1.346
Romans 1 (ODRV) 1.345
Psalms 2 (AKJV) 1.329
John 6 (Tyndale) 1.326
Romans 3 (ODRV) 1.321
1 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 1.32
Matthew 23 (Geneva) 1.318
Ephesians 2 (AKJV) 1.307
Philippians 2 (Geneva) 1.307
Romans 13 (ODRV) 1.305
Ephesians 2 (Geneva) 1.303
Matthew 5 (Geneva) 1.294
Psalms 106 (AKJV) 1.29
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 1.287
1 Corinthians 14 (AKJV) 1.28
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 1.273
Jude 1 (AKJV) 1.256
2 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 1.255
Philippians 2 (ODRV) 1.232
Hebrews 11 (AKJV) 1.226
1 Corinthians 11 (AKJV) 1.218
1 Corinthians 15 (AKJV) 1.203
1 Corinthians 15 (ODRV) 1.104
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.981
Verse Prominence
Romans 13.2 (AKJV) 7.338
Ezekiel 24.2 (AKJV) 2.468
Matthew 22.21 (ODRV) 2.443
Romans 13.1 (Geneva) 2.325
2 Samuel 13.21 (Geneva) 1.234
Ezekiel 24.2 (Geneva) 1.234
Bel and the Dragon 1.34 (AKJV) 1.234
Daniel 3.4 (AKJV) 1.234
Ezra 5.13 (Vulgate) 1.234
Acts 25.21 (Tyndale) 1.234
John 4.12 (Tyndale) 1.234
Luke 17.1 (Tyndale) 1.234
Acts 12.2 (Geneva) 1.233
Acts 12.2 (AKJV) 1.233
Acts 12.2 (ODRV) 1.233
Matthew 23.3 (Geneva) 1.233
John 10.37 (ODRV) 1.233
John 10.37 (AKJV) 1.233
John 10.37 (Geneva) 1.233
Daniel 3.21 (ODRV) 1.233
Philippians 2.14 (Geneva) 1.233
Matthew 26.53 (ODRV) 1.233
Romans 1.14 (ODRV) 1.233
Daniel 6.12 (Geneva) 1.233
Daniel 3.29 (AKJV) 1.233
Daniel 6.26 (AKJV) 1.233
Joshua 1.1 (Geneva) 1.233
1 Samuel 15.28 (Geneva) 1.233
Matthew 23.2 (Tyndale) 1.232
2 Chronicles 36.13 (AKJV) 1.232
1 Corinthians 11.30 (AKJV) 1.232
2 Corinthians 12.12 (AKJV) 1.232
1 Kings 15.14 (AKJV) 1.232
2 Timothy 3.4 (Geneva) 1.232
1 Corinthians 15.14 (AKJV) 1.231
Psalms 139.6 (AKJV) 1.231
Ephesians 3.10 (Geneva) 1.229
Psalms 106.16 (AKJV) 1.229
Numbers 16.3 (Geneva) 1.228
Acts 13.8 (AKJV) 1.228
2 Timothy 3.8 (Geneva) 1.228
1 Corinthians 15.14 (ODRV) 1.227
1 Kings 16.14 (Douay-Rheims) 1.227
Daniel 6.21 (Geneva) 1.227
Luke 20.25 (Vulgate) 1.227
2 Timothy 3.4 (AKJV) 1.227
Romans 3.31 (ODRV) 1.225
Psalms 2.2 (AKJV) 1.225
Psalms 2.11 (AKJV) 1.224
John 6.69 (Tyndale) 1.224
Romans 13.2 (Tyndale) 1.224
Matthew 26.52 (AKJV) 1.223
1 Corinthians 14.33 (AKJV) 1.223
Matthew 24.35 (Geneva) 1.222
Matthew 5.44 (Geneva) 1.222
2 Timothy 3.1 (Geneva) 1.222
Hebrews 11.36 (AKJV) 1.221
Psalms 2.10 (AKJV) 1.22
Jude 1.19 (AKJV) 1.219
Ephesians 2.20 (AKJV) 1.218
Ephesians 2.20 (Geneva) 1.218
Romans 13.5 (ODRV) 1.218
1 Corinthians 11.29 (AKJV) 1.218
2 Peter 1.21 (Tyndale) 1.217
Psalms 106.17 (AKJV) 1.217
Romans 11.33 (ODRV) 1.216
Matthew 22.21 (Vulgate) 1.213
Romans 13.5 (AKJV) 1.21
1 Timothy 2.2 (AKJV) 1.208
1 Peter 2.13 (Tyndale) 1.205
Romans 13.7 (AKJV) 1.203
Romans 13.1 (AKJV) 1.15
Philippians 2.8 (ODRV) 1.132
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.963
Evenness: 0.991
Book Prominence
1 Samuel 4.533
1 Peter 4.242
1 Chronicles 2.453
Matthew 2.421
Lamentations 2.409
Leviticus 2.139
2 Chronicles 1.871
Daniel 1.793
2 Peter 1.736
Numbers 1.727
1 Kings 1.708
2 Timothy 1.591
2 Samuel 1.526
Ezekiel 1.496
Philippians 1.343
1 Timothy 1.327
Ephesians 1.077
Exodus 1.017
Deuteronomy 0.998
Jeremiah 0.886
2 Corinthians 0.729
Hebrews 0.341
Proverbs 0.178
Acts 0.112
John 0.055
Luke 0.023
1 Corinthians -0.091
Romans -0.606
Psalms -1.909
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.996
Chapter Prominence
1 Samuel 13 2.933
Matthew 22 2.733
1 Peter 2 2.532
Leviticus 6 1.483
Leviticus 7 1.482
1 Chronicles 16 1.475
2 Chronicles 9 1.474
Ezekiel 2 1.471
2 Chronicles 17 1.462
1 Kings 14 1.459
2 Chronicles 33 1.456
2 Chronicles 29 1.455
2 Chronicles 26 1.455
Lamentations 2 1.451
Exodus 16 1.445
Jeremiah 29 1.443
2 Chronicles 36 1.436
2 Chronicles 15 1.433
1 Kings 21 1.417
1 Kings 2 1.416
Acts 6 1.414
Matthew 2 1.411
Deuteronomy 33 1.403
2 Samuel 1 1.397
Daniel 6 1.395
Matthew 17 1.378
Acts 12 1.37
John 19 1.368
2 Corinthians 2 1.364
Psalms 10 1.36
Luke 9 1.357
Ephesians 3 1.355
Numbers 16 1.355
Luke 21 1.347
2 Corinthians 3 1.347
Psalms 106 1.343
Matthew 3 1.34
Hebrews 1 1.339
Acts 7 1.334
John 12 1.33
Proverbs 8 1.32
John 10 1.317
Matthew 12 1.301
Psalms 11 1.296
Matthew 19 1.279
1 Corinthians 14 1.275
Ephesians 1 1.27
Romans 3 1.267
1 Timothy 2 1.262
Matthew 18 1.25
Psalms 2 1.246
2 Peter 1 1.24
Ephesians 2 1.234
Matthew 26 1.222
2 Peter 2 1.22
Matthew 10 1.216
2 Timothy 3 1.212
Hebrews 10 1.206
Matthew 7 1.165
Philippians 2 1.151
Hebrews 13 1.101
1 Corinthians 11 1.09
Romans 1 1.072
Romans 13 0.915
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.995
Verse Prominence
1 Samuel 13.14 3.494
Matthew 22.21 3.444
1 Peter 2.13 3.397
Luke 9.1 1.753
1 Chronicles 16.7 1.753
2 Chronicles 29.2 1.753
2 Chronicles 29.34 1.753
Acts 12.8 1.752
2 Chronicles 9.22 1.752
Acts 7.35 1.752
Deuteronomy 33.4 1.752
Acts 6.10 1.751
2 Chronicles 17.3 1.751
2 Chronicles 33.13 1.751
1 Kings 21.25 1.751
Psalms 106.16 1.751
Lamentations 2.9 1.751
1 Corinthians 11.27 1.75
2 Chronicles 36.13 1.75
Philippians 2.14 1.75
Romans 1.14 1.75
2 Chronicles 29.25 1.75
1 Kings 2.27 1.75
2 Samuel 1.21 1.75
Romans 3.31 1.749
Daniel 6.21 1.748
Luke 21.15 1.747
Matthew 26.53 1.746
Matthew 10.23 1.745
2 Peter 1.21 1.744
Ephesians 3.10 1.743
Ephesians 1.21 1.742
Matthew 18.7 1.742
Numbers 16.32 1.741
Jeremiah 29.7 1.737
Matthew 17.27 1.737
John 19.11 1.737
2 Timothy 3.1 1.735
Deuteronomy 33.5 1.733
Philippians 2.8 1.73
Matthew 7.15 1.73
Ephesians 2.20 1.728
1 Corinthians 11.29 1.728
Ephesians 2.12 1.728
Matthew 26.52 1.726
Hebrews 10.29 1.726
Hebrews 1.3 1.72
2 Peter 2.1 1.715
Matthew 12.25 1.707
Proverbs 8.15 1.699
Hebrews 13.17 1.695
1 Timothy 2.2 1.678
Romans 13.2 1.669
Romans 13.1 1.499
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase