Bible. -- N.T. -- Romans XIII, 7

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 12.1% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 5.2% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 81.4% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 1.2% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.8% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 16.9% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 8.1% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 1.2% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 1.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 1.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 0.4% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.826
Evenness: 0.949
Part Prominence
New Testament (ODRV) 16.24
New Testament (Tyndale) 8.401
New Testament (Geneva) 7.237
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 0.581
Old Testament (Geneva) -0.684
Old Testament (AKJV) -2.769
New Testament (AKJV) -2.968
Diversity: 0.959
Evenness: 0.982
Book Prominence
Romans (ODRV) 7.939
Romans (Tyndale) 5.142
Romans (Geneva) 4.666
Romans (AKJV) 4.369
Ezra (Geneva) 2.979
Ezra (Douay-Rheims) 2.976
Judges (Geneva) 2.879
Leviticus (Geneva) 2.862
Judges (AKJV) 2.784
1 Kings (AKJV) 2.753
2 Chronicles (AKJV) 2.689
Exodus (Geneva) 2.608
Ecclesiastes (Geneva) 2.534
1 Peter (Tyndale) 2.522
Jeremiah (AKJV) 2.379
Job (Geneva) 2.319
Luke (Tyndale) 2.291
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 2.216
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 2.203
John (Geneva) 2.173
Genesis (AKJV) 2.142
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 2.131
Proverbs (Geneva) 2.082
John (ODRV) 1.981
Matthew (Geneva) 1.86
Matthew (ODRV) 1.672
Proverbs (AKJV) 1.622
Matthew (AKJV) 1.551
Diversity: 0.963
Evenness: 0.983
Chapter Prominence
Romans 13 (ODRV) 8.21
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 5.414
Romans 13 (Geneva) 5.291
Romans 13 (AKJV) 5.267
Ezra 7 (Geneva) 2.774
Ezra 7 (Douay-Rheims) 2.773
Exodus 21 (Geneva) 2.769
Leviticus 19 (Geneva) 2.767
1 Kings 1 (AKJV) 2.761
Job 9 (Geneva) 2.759
Judges 6 (AKJV) 2.759
Proverbs 16 (Douay-Rheims) 2.747
Ecclesiastes 7 (Geneva) 2.745
Judges 5 (Geneva) 2.745
Luke 10 (Tyndale) 2.734
Judges 5 (AKJV) 2.732
Matthew 22 (Geneva) 2.727
1 Peter 4 (Tyndale) 2.726
Genesis 9 (AKJV) 2.726
2 Corinthians 9 (AKJV) 2.726
Proverbs 16 (Geneva) 2.725
Jeremiah 5 (AKJV) 2.725
John 11 (Geneva) 2.724
2 Chronicles 19 (AKJV) 2.719
John 11 (ODRV) 2.702
Matthew 22 (AKJV) 2.69
Matthew 6 (Geneva) 2.681
Matthew 16 (ODRV) 2.674
Ecclesiastes 8 (AKJV) 2.67
Proverbs 16 (AKJV) 2.665
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 2.622
Diversity: 0.967
Evenness: 0.964
Verse Prominence
Romans 13.7 (Geneva) 8.91
Romans 13.7 (AKJV) 7.112
Romans 13.7 (ODRV) 5.342
Romans 13.6 (AKJV) 3.56
Romans 13.1 (Tyndale) 3.511
Romans 13.2 (AKJV) 3.502
Romans 13.1 (Geneva) 3.427
1 Kings 1.18 (AKJV) 1.784
Judges 5.15 (Geneva) 1.784
Ezra 7.26 (Geneva) 1.784
Ezra 7.26 (Douay-Rheims) 1.784
Exodus 21.26 (Geneva) 1.784
Judges 6.31 (AKJV) 1.784
Luke 10.14 (Tyndale) 1.784
Job 9.12 (Geneva) 1.783
Judges 5.16 (Geneva) 1.783
Jeremiah 5.26 (AKJV) 1.783
Matthew 6.23 (Geneva) 1.783
Matthew 22.17 (AKJV) 1.782
1 Peter 4.15 (Tyndale) 1.782
Proverbs 16.10 (AKJV) 1.782
Proverbs 16.14 (AKJV) 1.782
Proverbs 16.14 (Douay-Rheims) 1.782
Proverbs 16.14 (Geneva) 1.782
John 11.48 (Geneva) 1.782
Matthew 22.17 (Geneva) 1.781
Ecclesiastes 7.22 (Geneva) 1.781
Leviticus 19.15 (Geneva) 1.781
John 11.48 (ODRV) 1.781
Romans 13.4 (Tyndale) 1.778
2 Corinthians 9.7 (AKJV) 1.778
Romans 13.5 (Tyndale) 1.774
Romans 13.6 (Tyndale) 1.773
Judges 5.23 (AKJV) 1.772
Romans 13.5 (ODRV) 1.769
Romans 13.1 (ODRV) 1.766
Ecclesiastes 8.4 (AKJV) 1.763
Genesis 9.6 (AKJV) 1.759
Romans 13.2 (Geneva) 1.754
1 Peter 2.14 (Tyndale) 1.754
Matthew 16.26 (ODRV) 1.749
2 Chronicles 19.6 (AKJV) 1.742
Romans 13.4 (AKJV) 1.709
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.96
Evenness: 0.996
Book Prominence
2 Corinthians 5.011
Esther 3.225
Ezra 3.201
Malachi 2.797
Zechariah 2.686
Judges 2.565
2 Chronicles 2.45
1 Kings 2.287
1 John 2.25
Ezekiel 2.075
1 Samuel 1.986
1 Timothy 1.906
Ecclesiastes 1.757
1 Peter 1.696
Exodus 1.595
Deuteronomy 1.577
Jeremiah 1.465
Genesis 1.246
Proverbs 0.756
Acts 0.691
John 0.634
Luke 0.602
1 Corinthians 0.488
Romans -0.028
Matthew -0.126
Psalms -1.33
Diversity: 0.977
Evenness: 0.998
Chapter Prominence
2 Corinthians 9 4.363
Ezekiel 48 2.213
Esther 6 2.199
Ezra 7 2.184
Zechariah 5 2.18
1 Kings 1 2.179
Deuteronomy 19 2.179
Exodus 21 2.178
Psalms 124 2.177
Jeremiah 29 2.173
1 Samuel 26 2.171
1 Samuel 8 2.171
Deuteronomy 21 2.171
1 Kings 12 2.156
Exodus 23 2.154
Genesis 9 2.14
2 Chronicles 19 2.14
Exodus 12 2.136
Luke 3 2.135
Judges 6 2.126
John 18 2.119
1 Samuel 15 2.113
John 21 2.11
Matthew 17 2.108
Exodus 22 2.104
Acts 12 2.1
Judges 5 2.091
Jeremiah 5 2.071
Proverbs 16 2.039
1 Peter 4 2.037
1 Corinthians 12 2.009
Ecclesiastes 8 2.007
1 Corinthians 7 2.006
Malachi 3 1.994
1 Timothy 2 1.992
John 11 1.987
Matthew 16 1.985
Matthew 22 1.97
John 1 1.938
Matthew 6 1.924
1 John 3 1.895
Romans 12 1.881
1 Peter 2 1.77
Romans 13 1.644
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Matthew 17.25 3.22
2 Corinthians 9.7 3.216
Ezekiel 48.21 1.612
Exodus 12.49 1.612
Judges 6.32 1.612
1 Kings 1.18 1.611
Exodus 22.26 1.611
Exodus 22.2 1.611
1 Kings 12.33 1.611
Matthew 22.18 1.611
Esther 6.2 1.611
John 1.22 1.611
1 Samuel 26.8 1.61
Jeremiah 5.26 1.61
Ezra 7.25 1.61
Exodus 21.24 1.61
Zechariah 5.1 1.61
Matthew 16.13 1.61
1 Corinthians 7.21 1.609
Ecclesiastes 8.3 1.609
1 Samuel 15.30 1.609
1 Kings 1.23 1.609
1 Kings 1.31 1.609
Judges 5.16 1.609
Deuteronomy 19.16 1.609
Luke 3.10 1.609
John 1.19 1.609
Matthew 17.24 1.608
1 Samuel 8.11 1.608
1 Kings 12.16 1.608
1 Kings 12.26 1.608
Deuteronomy 21.21 1.608
John 21.21 1.608
1 Samuel 26.10 1.607
Matthew 22.17 1.607
Deuteronomy 21.20 1.607
Acts 12.22 1.606
1 Kings 12.4 1.605
John 11.48 1.605
Matthew 17.26 1.603
Judges 5.15 1.603
Proverbs 16.10 1.602
Malachi 3.5 1.6
1 John 3.16 1.599
Genesis 9.6 1.598
Jeremiah 29.7 1.596
Matthew 17.27 1.596
Matthew 6.23 1.596
1 Samuel 26.9 1.595
1 Peter 4.15 1.594
Ecclesiastes 8.4 1.588
Romans 13.7 1.582
Ezra 7.26 1.582
2 Chronicles 19.6 1.578
John 18.36 1.573
Judges 5.23 1.57
1 Peter 2.14 1.56
1 Timothy 2.1 1.557
1 Timothy 2.2 1.536
1 Peter 2.13 1.501
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase