Bible. -- O.T. -- Romans XIII, 7

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 4.6% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 2.3% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 88.4% 97.8%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.9% 2.2%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 9.3% 2.2%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 3.7% 2.2%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.9% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text -inf% 2.2%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.857
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
New Testament (Vulgate) 9.34
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 5.776
New Testament (Tyndale) 4.505
New Testament (Geneva) 3.341
New Testament (ODRV) 3.253
Old Testament (AKJV) 2.425
New Testament (AKJV) 2.227
Diversity: 0.936
Evenness: 0.988
Book Prominence
Matthew (ODRV) 9.168
Romans (AKJV) 8.834
Luke (Vulgate) 5.135
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 4.829
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 4.692
Job (Douay-Rheims) 4.674
Acts (AKJV) 4.427
John (Tyndale) 4.426
Luke (Geneva) 4.408
Ephesians (AKJV) 4.374
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 4.364
Romans (Tyndale) 4.344
Luke (ODRV) 4.327
Matthew (Tyndale) 4.241
Hebrews (AKJV) 4.179
Proverbs (AKJV) 3.855
Matthew (AKJV) 3.784
Diversity: 0.951
Evenness: 0.991
Chapter Prominence
Matthew 22 (ODRV) 8.211
Romans 13 (AKJV) 8.045
Matthew 17 (Tyndale) 4.16
Deuteronomy 28 (Douay-Rheims) 4.156
Luke 20 (Vulgate) 4.155
Matthew 17 (AKJV) 4.149
Deuteronomy 28 (AKJV) 4.142
Job 31 (Douay-Rheims) 4.137
John 19 (Tyndale) 4.136
Luke 19 (Geneva) 4.136
Luke 20 (ODRV) 4.113
Luke 19 (ODRV) 4.101
Luke 23 (ODRV) 4.1
Matthew 3 (AKJV) 4.097
Acts 24 (AKJV) 4.093
Proverbs 20 (AKJV) 4.084
Ephesians 6 (AKJV) 4.079
Matthew 22 (AKJV) 4.079
Proverbs 16 (AKJV) 4.054
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 4.026
Hebrews 13 (AKJV) 4.011
2 Corinthians 5 (AKJV) 4.007
Diversity: 0.957
Evenness: 0.992
Verse Prominence
Matthew 22.21 (ODRV) 7.382
Romans 13.7 (AKJV) 7.376
Matthew 17.24 (Tyndale) 3.703
Matthew 17.25 (AKJV) 3.702
Matthew 17.26 (AKJV) 3.702
Deuteronomy 28.3 (Douay-Rheims) 3.702
Proverbs 16.8 (AKJV) 3.702
Luke 23.38 (ODRV) 3.701
Matthew 17.27 (AKJV) 3.701
Deuteronomy 28.5 (AKJV) 3.701
Proverbs 20.17 (AKJV) 3.701
Ephesians 6.7 (AKJV) 3.699
Luke 19.8 (ODRV) 3.699
2 Corinthians 5.10 (AKJV) 3.698
Luke 19.9 (Geneva) 3.697
Luke 20.25 (Vulgate) 3.696
John 19.7 (Tyndale) 3.694
Job 31.11 (Douay-Rheims) 3.693
Romans 13.6 (AKJV) 3.692
Matthew 3.8 (AKJV) 3.689
Romans 13.7 (Tyndale) 3.687
Luke 20.25 (ODRV) 3.687
Matthew 22.21 (AKJV) 3.683
Hebrews 13.18 (AKJV) 3.681
Acts 24.16 (AKJV) 3.656
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.857
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Habakkuk 13.742
Zechariah 13.268
Deuteronomy 12.159
Proverbs 11.338
Luke 11.184
Romans 10.554
Matthew 10.456
Diversity: 0.875
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Zechariah 5 12.457
Deuteronomy 28 12.399
Habakkuk 2 12.379
Matthew 21 12.318
Proverbs 16 12.317
Proverbs 10 12.305
Luke 19 12.29
Romans 13 11.922
Diversity: 0.9
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
Proverbs 10.17 9.997
Deuteronomy 28.3 9.995
Proverbs 16.8 9.994
Luke 19.5 9.994
Matthew 21.38 9.994
Habakkuk 2.6 9.99
Luke 19.9 9.989
Zechariah 5.4 9.984
Luke 19.8 9.976
Romans 13.7 9.969
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase