Bible. -- O.T. -- Ruth -- Criticism, interpretation, etc

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 9.9% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 8.2% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 86.1% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.4% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 12.9% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 6.6% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 0.4% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent matching citation, and italicized foreign text 0.4% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.875
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament (ODRV) 6.148
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 3.99
Old Testament (Geneva) 2.725
New Testament (Tyndale) 2.719
New Testament (Geneva) 1.555
New Testament (ODRV) 1.468
Old Testament (AKJV) 0.64
New Testament (AKJV) 0.442
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 0.988
Book Prominence
Habakkuk (AKJV) 6.123
Habakkuk (Geneva) 4.091
Numbers (AKJV) 3.887
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 3.352
Habakkuk (Douay-Rheims) 2.016
Jude (Geneva) 1.997
Esther (AKJV) 1.983
Joshua (Geneva) 1.964
Nehemiah (AKJV) 1.962
Joshua (AKJV) 1.929
Micah (AKJV) 1.903
Amos (AKJV) 1.888
Mark (AKJV) 1.869
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.829
Hosea (AKJV) 1.753
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 1.692
James (Geneva) 1.681
Jeremiah (Geneva) 1.656
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 1.649
Hebrews (Tyndale) 1.633
Acts (Geneva) 1.553
Genesis (ODRV) 1.542
Revelation (Geneva) 1.51
2 Timothy (AKJV) 1.484
Ephesians (ODRV) 1.455
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 1.317
Philippians (AKJV) 1.31
Luke (Geneva) 1.228
Genesis (AKJV) 1.195
Romans (Tyndale) 1.164
Matthew (Tyndale) 1.061
Psalms (ODRV) 0.956
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.94
John (AKJV) 0.923
Matthew (Geneva) 0.913
Luke (AKJV) 0.907
Matthew (ODRV) 0.726
Romans (Geneva) 0.689
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.675
Matthew (AKJV) 0.604
Psalms (Geneva) 0.408
Romans (AKJV) 0.391
Psalms (AKJV) -0.483
Diversity: 0.977
Evenness: 0.969
Chapter Prominence
Psalms 11 (AKJV) 9.05
Habakkuk 2 (AKJV) 3.862
Numbers 27 (AKJV) 2.59
Psalms 56 (AKJV) 2.579
Habakkuk 2 (Geneva) 2.577
Psalms 55 (AKJV) 2.546
Psalms 139 (AKJV) 2.53
Psalms 44 (AKJV) 2.5
Ecclesiastes 8 (AKJV) 2.49
Jeremiah 43 (Geneva) 1.297
Nehemiah 3 (AKJV) 1.296
Deuteronomy 21 (Geneva) 1.295
Acts 22 (Geneva) 1.294
1 Kings 22 (Douay-Rheims) 1.293
Esther 7 (AKJV) 1.291
Deuteronomy 21 (Douay-Rheims) 1.29
Revelation 4 (Geneva) 1.289
Psalms 101 (ODRV) 1.288
Habakkuk 2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.287
Hebrews 1 (Tyndale) 1.284
Psalms 11 (Geneva) 1.283
Joshua 24 (AKJV) 1.282
Joshua 24 (Geneva) 1.282
Genesis 4 (ODRV) 1.281
Psalms 55 (Geneva) 1.28
Psalms 102 (Geneva) 1.278
Mark 16 (AKJV) 1.276
Luke 2 (Geneva) 1.272
Micah 7 (AKJV) 1.271
Hosea 13 (AKJV) 1.266
Psalms 38 (AKJV) 1.264
Romans 11 (Tyndale) 1.263
Amos 5 (AKJV) 1.263
Luke 23 (Geneva) 1.262
Matthew 27 (Tyndale) 1.255
1 Corinthians 6 (ODRV) 1.255
Psalms 77 (AKJV) 1.255
2 Corinthians 13 (ODRV) 1.254
Psalms 102 (AKJV) 1.253
Jude 1 (Geneva) 1.251
Psalms 4 (AKJV) 1.25
2 Corinthians 3 (ODRV) 1.248
Luke 23 (AKJV) 1.244
Genesis 1 (AKJV) 1.243
John 11 (AKJV) 1.235
Revelation 20 (Geneva) 1.232
Proverbs 18 (AKJV) 1.23
Matthew 10 (ODRV) 1.227
James 1 (Geneva) 1.226
Romans 2 (Tyndale) 1.222
Romans 3 (Geneva) 1.221
Matthew 10 (Geneva) 1.22
Matthew 16 (AKJV) 1.21
Matthew 16 (ODRV) 1.195
John 4 (AKJV) 1.185
Ephesians 5 (ODRV) 1.148
Matthew 10 (AKJV) 1.145
2 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 1.142
Romans 2 (Geneva) 1.133
Romans 2 (AKJV) 1.13
Philippians 2 (AKJV) 1.082
Psalms 119 (AKJV) 1.035
Diversity: 0.977
Evenness: 0.97
Verse Prominence
Psalms 11.3 (AKJV) 8.849
Habakkuk 2.20 (AKJV) 3.796
Numbers 27.3 (AKJV) 2.53
Habakkuk 2.20 (Geneva) 2.53
Psalms 44.23 (AKJV) 2.529
Psalms 139.16 (AKJV) 2.529
Psalms 56.8 (AKJV) 2.529
Psalms 55.6 (AKJV) 2.521
Ecclesiastes 8.11 (AKJV) 2.503
John 11.21 (AKJV) 1.265
Psalms 38.12 (AKJV) 1.265
Psalms 102.6 (AKJV) 1.265
Psalms 101.7 (ODRV) 1.265
Psalms 11.1 (AKJV) 1.265
Jude 1.18 (Geneva) 1.265
1 Kings 22.18 (Douay-Rheims) 1.265
Psalms 11.3 (Geneva) 1.265
Psalms 119.70 (AKJV) 1.265
Luke 23.51 (Geneva) 1.265
Jeremiah 43.5 (Geneva) 1.265
Deuteronomy 21.1 (Geneva) 1.265
Nehemiah 3.30 (AKJV) 1.265
Micah 7.5 (AKJV) 1.265
Habakkuk 2.20 (Douay-Rheims) 1.265
Revelation 4.4 (Geneva) 1.265
Luke 23.30 (AKJV) 1.265
Acts 22.2 (Geneva) 1.265
Hebrews 1.11 (Tyndale) 1.265
John 4.29 (AKJV) 1.265
Psalms 102.7 (Geneva) 1.264
Deuteronomy 21.8 (Douay-Rheims) 1.264
Psalms 55.6 (Geneva) 1.264
Matthew 10.19 (Geneva) 1.264
Matthew 10.19 (ODRV) 1.264
Luke 2.1 (Geneva) 1.264
Romans 11.4 (Tyndale) 1.264
Joshua 24.15 (AKJV) 1.264
Psalms 77.10 (AKJV) 1.264
Amos 5.20 (AKJV) 1.264
Revelation 20.11 (Geneva) 1.264
Esther 7.8 (AKJV) 1.264
Hosea 13.9 (AKJV) 1.264
Deuteronomy 21.7 (Douay-Rheims) 1.263
Matthew 27.43 (Tyndale) 1.263
Romans 3.8 (Geneva) 1.263
Genesis 4.4 (ODRV) 1.263
2 Corinthians 3.12 (ODRV) 1.262
Matthew 10.30 (AKJV) 1.261
James 1.4 (Geneva) 1.261
Mark 16.16 (AKJV) 1.261
Ephesians 5.20 (ODRV) 1.26
Joshua 24.21 (Geneva) 1.259
Psalms 4.4 (AKJV) 1.258
1 Corinthians 6.16 (ODRV) 1.258
2 Timothy 2.19 (AKJV) 1.255
Matthew 16.18 (ODRV) 1.254
Romans 2.14 (AKJV) 1.251
Romans 2.15 (Geneva) 1.251
Philippians 2.4 (AKJV) 1.25
Romans 2.15 (Tyndale) 1.248
Genesis 1.27 (AKJV) 1.247
2 Corinthians 13.8 (ODRV) 1.246
Proverbs 18.14 (AKJV) 1.246
Matthew 16.26 (AKJV) 1.244
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.969
Evenness: 0.997
Book Prominence
Philippians 4.101
Joel 2.553
Esther 2.463
Nehemiah 2.324
Micah 2.07
Joshua 2.063
Malachi 2.035
Judges 1.802
Hosea 1.723
2 Kings 1.66
Mark 1.659
Daniel 1.609
Numbers 1.543
1 Kings 1.524
James 1.413
2 Samuel 1.343
1 Samuel 1.224
Ecclesiastes 0.994
1 Peter 0.933
Ephesians 0.893
Exodus 0.833
Deuteronomy 0.814
Jeremiah 0.702
Revelation 0.664
2 Corinthians 0.545
Genesis 0.483
Proverbs -0.006
Acts -0.071
John -0.129
Luke -0.161
Romans -0.79
Matthew -0.888
Psalms -2.093
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.998
Chapter Prominence
Philippians 4 3.279
Jeremiah 43 1.746
Nehemiah 3 1.745
Esther 7 1.735
Judges 4 1.731
Numbers 27 1.725
1 Kings 4 1.724
2 Samuel 13 1.723
1 Samuel 22 1.713
Psalms 56 1.712
Deuteronomy 21 1.703
Judges 1 1.703
2 Kings 19 1.698
Acts 22 1.689
Psalms 44 1.687
Joshua 24 1.683
Psalms 102 1.68
Hosea 13 1.677
Matthew 2 1.672
1 Kings 19 1.67
Malachi 2 1.669
Psalms 55 1.664
Acts 19 1.662
Proverbs 18 1.66
Daniel 6 1.657
Joel 2 1.656
2 Corinthians 13 1.651
Psalms 77 1.648
Revelation 20 1.645
Matthew 27 1.637
Psalms 103 1.635
Mark 16 1.63
Acts 23 1.629
Exodus 20 1.628
Proverbs 11 1.622
Micah 7 1.607
Genesis 1 1.606
Luke 23 1.603
Genesis 4 1.6
Psalms 4 1.593
Psalms 51 1.575
Luke 2 1.569
1 Peter 4 1.569
Psalms 11 1.557
John 4 1.544
Ecclesiastes 8 1.539
Romans 3 1.529
John 11 1.519
Matthew 16 1.517
Genesis 3 1.511
James 1 1.497
Ephesians 5 1.482
Matthew 10 1.478
Romans 2 1.437
Philippians 2 1.412
Psalms 119 1.23
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.998
Verse Prominence
Philippians 4.3 3.269
2 Kings 19.14 1.639
Psalms 119.70 1.639
Jeremiah 43.5 1.639
Nehemiah 3.30 1.639
Psalms 102.7 1.638
2 Samuel 13.13 1.638
1 Samuel 22.19 1.638
Acts 19.39 1.638
2 Samuel 13.30 1.638
1 Kings 4.23 1.638
Proverbs 11.15 1.638
Deuteronomy 21.1 1.638
Exodus 20.10 1.638
Acts 22.2 1.638
Psalms 102.6 1.637
Matthew 27.43 1.637
Acts 23.2 1.637
Micah 7.5 1.637
Psalms 51.9 1.637
Esther 7.8 1.637
Psalms 44.23 1.637
John 4.29 1.637
John 11.21 1.636
Psalms 103.5 1.635
Numbers 27.3 1.635
Daniel 6.7 1.634
Matthew 10.19 1.634
Luke 23.51 1.634
Psalms 77.1 1.634
Joel 2.2 1.634
Genesis 3.18 1.633
Psalms 11.3 1.631
Psalms 55.6 1.631
2 Corinthians 13.8 1.631
Genesis 4.4 1.631
Hosea 13.9 1.631
James 1.4 1.63
Ephesians 5.20 1.629
Luke 2.1 1.627
1 Kings 19.10 1.627
Psalms 4.4 1.627
Matthew 10.30 1.626
Psalms 56.8 1.626
Proverbs 18.14 1.625
Revelation 20.12 1.621
1 Peter 4.15 1.621
Genesis 1.27 1.618
Romans 2.15 1.617
Joshua 24.15 1.615
Philippians 2.4 1.614
Malachi 2.7 1.609
Romans 3.8 1.608
Judges 1.7 1.608
Romans 2.5 1.607
Matthew 16.26 1.598
Matthew 16.18 1.596
Romans 2.14 1.596
Ecclesiastes 8.11 1.589
Mark 16.16 1.588
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase