Bible. -- O.T. -- Samuel, 2nd, I, 14

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 3
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 3.4% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 2.1% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 91.6% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.2% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.2% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 7.2% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 2.8% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.1% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.1% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.1% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.1% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.1% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.857
Evenness: 0.931
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 20.062
Old Testament (Vulgate) 5.397
New Testament (Geneva) 3.341
Apocrypha (AKJV) 2.422
Old Testament (ODRV) 0.791
Old Testament (Geneva) -2.632
New Testament (Tyndale) -2.638
New Testament (ODRV) -3.89
Old Testament (AKJV) -4.717
New Testament (AKJV) -4.916
Diversity: 0.967
Evenness: 0.978
Book Prominence
2 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 8.758
2 Chronicles (AKJV) 4.205
1 Samuel (AKJV) 4.142
Ephesians (Geneva) 3.763
Ephesians (AKJV) 3.657
4 Kings (Vulgate) 2.25
Ezra (Geneva) 2.221
1 Chronicles (Geneva) 2.189
1 Paralipomenon (Douay-Rheims) 2.15
2 Thessalonians (Tyndale) 2.148
Ezra (AKJV) 2.143
Joshua (AKJV) 2.118
2 Samuel (Geneva) 2.048
Zechariah (AKJV) 2.041
1 Samuel (Geneva) 2.034
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 2.019
1 Kings (AKJV) 1.996
Numbers (AKJV) 1.993
2 Esdras (AKJV) 1.915
2 Samuel (AKJV) 1.878
Ecclesiastes (Geneva) 1.777
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.764
Acts (Geneva) 1.743
Revelation (AKJV) 1.688
Job (Douay-Rheims) 1.684
Ephesians (ODRV) 1.644
James (AKJV) 1.64
1 Peter (AKJV) 1.484
Isaiah (Geneva) 1.381
John (ODRV) 1.224
Psalms (ODRV) 1.146
Romans (ODRV) 1.121
Romans (Geneva) 0.878
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.864
Psalms (Geneva) 0.598
Romans (AKJV) 0.581
Psalms (AKJV) -0.293
Diversity: 0.975
Evenness: 0.982
Chapter Prominence
2 Kings 1 (Douay-Rheims) 7.231
1 Kings 24 (Douay-Rheims) 3.62
2 Chronicles 35 (AKJV) 3.618
1 Samuel 26 (AKJV) 3.614
Ephesians 4 (Geneva) 3.407
Ephesians 4 (AKJV) 3.302
1 Paralipomenon 10 (Douay-Rheims) 1.818
1 Kings 31 (Douay-Rheims) 1.816
1 Samuel 31 (Geneva) 1.815
1 Samuel 19 (AKJV) 1.815
1 Samuel 26 (Geneva) 1.814
1 Samuel 31 (AKJV) 1.814
1 Chronicles 10 (Geneva) 1.814
2 Esdras 12 (AKJV) 1.811
1 Kings 14 (Douay-Rheims) 1.811
1 Kings 14 (AKJV) 1.81
Psalms 1 (ODRV) 1.809
Ezra 9 (Geneva) 1.808
Joshua 22 (AKJV) 1.808
1 Samuel 24 (AKJV) 1.807
Numbers 35 (AKJV) 1.807
4 Kings 6 (Vulgate) 1.807
2 Samuel 12 (Geneva) 1.805
Revelation 9 (AKJV) 1.802
Acts 1 (Geneva) 1.801
2 Samuel 12 (AKJV) 1.801
Joshua 7 (AKJV) 1.801
Isaiah 45 (Geneva) 1.797
Zechariah 12 (AKJV) 1.795
Psalms 135 (Geneva) 1.794
2 Thessalonians 2 (Tyndale) 1.793
Job 31 (Douay-Rheims) 1.789
Ezra 9 (AKJV) 1.786
Ecclesiastes 8 (Geneva) 1.779
2 Samuel 1 (AKJV) 1.767
Romans 11 (ODRV) 1.763
John 17 (ODRV) 1.762
Romans 9 (ODRV) 1.759
Psalms 18 (AKJV) 1.747
Proverbs 14 (AKJV) 1.692
James 1 (AKJV) 1.687
Psalms 106 (AKJV) 1.68
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 1.674
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 1.662
Ephesians 4 (ODRV) 1.661
Romans 13 (Geneva) 1.554
Romans 13 (AKJV) 1.529
Diversity: 0.979
Evenness: 0.985
Verse Prominence
2 Kings 1.14 (Douay-Rheims) 6.146
1 Samuel 26.11 (AKJV) 3.068
2 Chronicles 35.25 (AKJV) 3.066
1 Kings 24.6 (Douay-Rheims) 3.066
Ephesians 4.3 (AKJV) 2.972
Ephesians 4.3 (Geneva) 2.972
Job 31.29 (Douay-Rheims) 1.538
2 Kings 1.6 (Douay-Rheims) 1.538
1 Kings 31.4 (Douay-Rheims) 1.538
1 Samuel 31.5 (AKJV) 1.538
1 Paralipomenon 10.5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.538
1 Samuel 26.9 (Geneva) 1.537
1 Kings 14.13 (AKJV) 1.537
1 Kings 14.52 (Douay-Rheims) 1.537
1 Chronicles 10.5 (Geneva) 1.537
John 17.25 (ODRV) 1.537
1 Samuel 31.4 (AKJV) 1.537
1 Kings 31.5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.537
1 Samuel 19.10 (AKJV) 1.537
2 Samuel 12.14 (AKJV) 1.537
Joshua 7.1 (AKJV) 1.537
2 Thessalonians 2.4 (Tyndale) 1.536
Psalms 135.18 (Geneva) 1.536
Ecclesiastes 8.8 (Geneva) 1.536
1 Samuel 26.10 (AKJV) 1.536
1 Samuel 31.5 (Geneva) 1.536
Ezra 9.13 (Geneva) 1.536
Isaiah 45.1 (Geneva) 1.536
Acts 1.26 (Geneva) 1.536
Joshua 22.17 (AKJV) 1.536
1 Peter 2.18 (AKJV) 1.535
1 Samuel 24.6 (AKJV) 1.535
2 Samuel 12.13 (Geneva) 1.535
2 Samuel 1.14 (AKJV) 1.534
2 Esdras 12.28 (AKJV) 1.534
Proverbs 14.5 (AKJV) 1.534
Psalms 1.6 (ODRV) 1.534
Revelation 9.2 (AKJV) 1.532
Romans 9.15 (ODRV) 1.532
Numbers 35.33 (AKJV) 1.532
Ephesians 4.1 (ODRV) 1.532
4 Kings 6.7 (Vulgate) 1.529
Zechariah 12.11 (AKJV) 1.528
Psalms 18.50 (AKJV) 1.527
Psalms 106.30 (AKJV) 1.526
Ezra 9.13 (AKJV) 1.524
2 Kings 1.17 (Douay-Rheims) 1.522
Ephesians 4.2 (AKJV) 1.521
Romans 11.33 (ODRV) 1.52
2 Samuel 1.20 (AKJV) 1.515
James 1.15 (AKJV) 1.511
Romans 13.2 (Geneva) 1.506
1 Peter 2.13 (AKJV) 1.5
1 Peter 2.17 (Tyndale) 1.488
Romans 13.2 (AKJV) 1.469
Romans 13.1 (AKJV) 1.454
Romans 13.1 (Geneva) 1.394
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.964
Evenness: 0.996
Book Prominence
Romans 2.935
Esther 2.855
Lamentations 2.617
Joshua 2.455
2 Thessalonians 2.399
Zechariah 2.316
Hosea 2.115
2 Chronicles 2.08
2 Kings 2.052
Numbers 1.935
1 Kings 1.917
1 John 1.88
2 Samuel 1.735
1 Samuel 1.616
Ecclesiastes 1.386
1 Peter 1.325
Ephesians 1.285
Exodus 1.225
Deuteronomy 1.207
Jeremiah 1.094
Job 1.083
Genesis 0.875
Hebrews 0.55
Proverbs 0.386
Acts 0.321
John 0.263
Isaiah 0.043
Matthew -0.496
Psalms -1.701
Diversity: 0.985
Evenness: 0.998
Chapter Prominence
1 Samuel 24 2.722
Romans 13 2.2
Jeremiah 41 1.383
1 Samuel 31 1.375
Job 35 1.373
Psalms 96 1.372
Esther 8 1.371
2 Kings 14 1.37
Jeremiah 19 1.37
Numbers 35 1.365
Joshua 22 1.362
Jeremiah 16 1.36
1 Samuel 20 1.359
Hosea 3 1.357
1 Kings 14 1.356
Joshua 10 1.355
Zechariah 7 1.355
Hosea 8 1.352
Exodus 2 1.348
2 Chronicles 35 1.348
1 Samuel 22 1.347
Genesis 39 1.346
Genesis 20 1.345
Isaiah 14 1.34
Psalms 133 1.339
1 Samuel 8 1.338
1 Samuel 26 1.338
Isaiah 41 1.335
2 Samuel 21 1.333
Deuteronomy 7 1.331
Hosea 14 1.325
2 Samuel 23 1.322
1 Samuel 10 1.317
Jeremiah 30 1.316
Psalms 84 1.311
Genesis 9 1.306
Jeremiah 22 1.306
Joshua 7 1.305
Psalms 105 1.303
Zechariah 12 1.302
Lamentations 4 1.299
2 Samuel 1 1.293
Jeremiah 17 1.287
Isaiah 45 1.284
Deuteronomy 17 1.284
Psalms 89 1.281
1 Samuel 15 1.279
Psalms 118 1.266
Job 3 1.265
Proverbs 30 1.256
Psalms 18 1.245
Exodus 32 1.245
Psalms 139 1.233
Psalms 82 1.23
Acts 1 1.226
Psalms 90 1.223
John 10 1.213
Ecclesiastes 10 1.207
Proverbs 16 1.205
2 Thessalonians 2 1.197
Ecclesiastes 8 1.173
Isaiah 5 1.173
1 John 2 1.169
Isaiah 1 1.109
Acts 17 1.073
Hebrews 12 0.992
Ephesians 4 0.957
1 Peter 2 0.936
Matthew 5 0.889
Psalms 119 0.865
Diversity: 0.988
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
1 Samuel 31.4 2.191
1 Samuel 24.5 2.188
Romans 13.2 2.112
Jeremiah 19.2 1.099
Job 35.15 1.098
Lamentations 4.1 1.098
Jeremiah 16.20 1.098
Hosea 8.6 1.098
1 Samuel 15.28 1.098
Jeremiah 30.9 1.098
2 Kings 14.5 1.098
Jeremiah 41.1 1.098
Jeremiah 41.2 1.098
Psalms 118.13 1.098
Proverbs 30.13 1.097
Psalms 96.5 1.097
Ecclesiastes 8.7 1.097
1 Samuel 20.33 1.097
Jeremiah 17.16 1.097
1 Samuel 31.5 1.097
1 Samuel 10.23 1.097
Isaiah 41.1 1.097
1 Samuel 31.3 1.096
Proverbs 30.3 1.096
Esther 8.6 1.096
Deuteronomy 17.14 1.096
1 Samuel 26.8 1.096
Psalms 119.164 1.096
Joshua 7.2 1.096
1 Samuel 8.12 1.095
Psalms 18.50 1.095
Psalms 119.62 1.095
Genesis 20.7 1.094
Psalms 133.2 1.094
1 Samuel 8.11 1.094
Exodus 2.14 1.094
Isaiah 5.6 1.094
2 Samuel 23.1 1.094
Job 3.21 1.094
Deuteronomy 7.2 1.094
Isaiah 14.12 1.093
1 Samuel 22.18 1.093
1 Samuel 26.10 1.093
Psalms 89.20 1.093
Psalms 90.3 1.093
2 Samuel 1.14 1.092
Hosea 8.4 1.092
John 10.35 1.092
1 John 2.20 1.092
1 Kings 14.13 1.092
Matthew 5.39 1.092
Numbers 35.33 1.092
Joshua 22.17 1.092
Joshua 10.13 1.091
1 Samuel 10.27 1.091
Hosea 14.3 1.09
Psalms 139.8 1.09
Psalms 84.10 1.09
Jeremiah 22.19 1.09
Isaiah 5.7 1.088
Hosea 3.5 1.088
Zechariah 7.5 1.088
Isaiah 1.21 1.087
Ecclesiastes 8.8 1.087
2 Thessalonians 2.4 1.084
Genesis 9.6 1.084
Jeremiah 22.18 1.084
Hebrews 12.9 1.084
Proverbs 16.12 1.083
2 Chronicles 35.25 1.083
Ephesians 4.2 1.083
2 Samuel 21.1 1.083
Genesis 39.9 1.082
Ephesians 4.1 1.082
1 Peter 2.18 1.082
Isaiah 1.2 1.081
1 Samuel 26.9 1.081
2 Chronicles 35.24 1.081
Isaiah 45.1 1.08
1 Peter 2.16 1.079
Zechariah 12.11 1.075
Psalms 105.15 1.074
Lamentations 4.20 1.072
Ecclesiastes 8.12 1.062
Ephesians 4.3 1.062
Ecclesiastes 10.20 1.048
1 Peter 2.13 0.987
Psalms 82.6 0.986
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase