Christianity -- Origin

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 8.0% 12.5%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 3.8% 11.2%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 77.3% 86.2%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text -inf% 5.0%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.4% 6.2%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 14.3% 7.5%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% 0.8%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% 0.9%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 7.4% 6.2%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation -inf% 3.8%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation -inf% 2.5%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text -inf% 5.0%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation -inf% 3.8%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation -inf% 2.5%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text -inf% 1.2%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation -inf% 1.2%
foreign_latin_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation -inf% 1.2%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text -inf% 1.2%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text -inf% 1.2%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent matching citation, and italicized foreign text -inf% 1.2%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.911
Evenness: 0.989
Part Prominence
New Testament (Wycliffe) 13.568
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 4.03
Apocrypha (AKJV) 2.971
New Testament (Vulgate) 2.747
Old Testament (ODRV) 1.34
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -0.818
Old Testament (Geneva) -2.082
New Testament (Tyndale) -2.088
New Testament (Geneva) -3.253
New Testament (ODRV) -3.34
Old Testament (AKJV) -4.168
New Testament (AKJV) -4.366
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.989
Book Prominence
1 John (AKJV) 3.634
John (Wycliffe) 2.634
Jeremiah (AKJV) 2.165
Hebrews (ODRV) 2.085
John (Tyndale) 1.98
2 Maccabees (Douay-Rheims) 1.359
2 Maccabees (AKJV) 1.346
2 Thessalonians (ODRV) 1.326
Baruch (AKJV) 1.319
2 Thessalonians (Tyndale) 1.284
John (Vulgate) 1.215
Titus (Geneva) 1.182
2 Peter (ODRV) 1.177
Canticles (AKJV) 1.152
2 Thessalonians (AKJV) 1.132
Romans (AKJV) 1.125
1 Thessalonians (ODRV) 1.107
Exodus (ODRV) 1.062
Colossians (Geneva) 1.028
Colossians (ODRV) 1.003
Exodus (Geneva) 0.986
Ephesians (Tyndale) 0.972
2 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.963
1 John (Geneva) 0.96
Galatians (Geneva) 0.938
Ecclesiastes (Geneva) 0.912
1 Peter (Tyndale) 0.9
Acts (Tyndale) 0.884
Acts (Geneva) 0.879
1 Peter (Geneva) 0.841
Exodus (AKJV) 0.835
Revelation (Geneva) 0.835
Revelation (AKJV) 0.824
2 Timothy (AKJV) 0.809
Revelation (ODRV) 0.802
1 Timothy (AKJV) 0.757
Galatians (AKJV) 0.748
Acts (ODRV) 0.704
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.7
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.671
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.619
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 0.594
Acts (AKJV) 0.573
Luke (Geneva) 0.553
John (Geneva) 0.551
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.546
Genesis (AKJV) 0.52
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.517
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.509
Romans (Tyndale) 0.489
John (ODRV) 0.36
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.325
Romans (ODRV) 0.257
Psalms (AKJV) 0.251
John (AKJV) 0.249
Matthew (Geneva) 0.238
Luke (AKJV) 0.232
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.207
Isaiah (AKJV) 0.109
Matthew (ODRV) 0.051
Romans (Geneva) 0.014
Matthew (AKJV) -0.071
1 Corinthians (AKJV) -0.118
Diversity: 0.989
Evenness: 0.993
Chapter Prominence
1 John 2 (AKJV) 2.593
John 17 (Wycliffe) 1.795
Hebrews 3 (ODRV) 1.779
Jeremiah 5 (AKJV) 1.749
Psalms 105 (AKJV) 1.738
John 14 (ODRV) 1.728
John 1 (Tyndale) 1.696
Romans 1 (AKJV) 1.689
Exodus 30 (ODRV) 0.9
Ecclesiasticus 8 (Douay-Rheims) 0.899
Exodus 30 (AKJV) 0.898
2 Maccabees 10 (Douay-Rheims) 0.898
Exodus 30 (Geneva) 0.898
John 14 (Wycliffe) 0.898
2 Maccabees 3 (AKJV) 0.898
Acts 22 (Geneva) 0.896
Acts 11 (Tyndale) 0.892
Acts 9 (Tyndale) 0.892
Acts 6 (Tyndale) 0.891
Acts 11 (ODRV) 0.891
John 17 (Vulgate) 0.888
Isaiah 42 (Geneva) 0.888
Isaiah 61 (Douay-Rheims) 0.887
Genesis 13 (AKJV) 0.886
Acts 11 (AKJV) 0.885
1 Thessalonians 1 (ODRV) 0.884
Revelation 17 (Geneva) 0.884
2 Corinthians 8 (Tyndale) 0.884
Revelation 11 (AKJV) 0.884
Revelation 13 (ODRV) 0.881
Titus 1 (Geneva) 0.88
Baruch 3 (AKJV) 0.88
Hebrews 3 (Geneva) 0.88
John 9 (Tyndale) 0.877
Canticles 4 (AKJV) 0.876
2 Thessalonians 1 (Tyndale) 0.875
2 Thessalonians 2 (ODRV) 0.874
Revelation 3 (AKJV) 0.873
Revelation 17 (AKJV) 0.872
Luke 18 (Geneva) 0.872
Isaiah 60 (AKJV) 0.871
Psalms 113 (AKJV) 0.87
John 7 (Geneva) 0.866
Revelation 2 (ODRV) 0.866
2 Peter 2 (ODRV) 0.863
Ecclesiastes 8 (Geneva) 0.861
John 16 (ODRV) 0.86
Acts 8 (ODRV) 0.857
Acts 2 (ODRV) 0.853
Matthew 3 (ODRV) 0.853
2 Corinthians 8 (AKJV) 0.852
Romans 1 (Tyndale) 0.851
John 9 (Geneva) 0.85
1 Peter 4 (Tyndale) 0.849
John 8 (Geneva) 0.849
1 John 1 (AKJV) 0.846
Matthew 12 (Geneva) 0.844
John 14 (Tyndale) 0.844
Revelation 3 (ODRV) 0.843
Matthew 23 (ODRV) 0.842
Romans 9 (ODRV) 0.842
John 8 (Tyndale) 0.84
Luke 10 (AKJV) 0.84
Matthew 12 (AKJV) 0.838
Acts 2 (AKJV) 0.836
Revelation 22 (Geneva) 0.835
1 John 2 (Geneva) 0.834
Matthew 12 (ODRV) 0.832
2 Corinthians 4 (Tyndale) 0.83
John 17 (AKJV) 0.83
Matthew 10 (ODRV) 0.83
Acts 24 (AKJV) 0.828
Ephesians 4 (Tyndale) 0.827
Revelation 22 (AKJV) 0.826
1 Peter 4 (Geneva) 0.824
John 16 (AKJV) 0.824
John 7 (AKJV) 0.822
John 3 (ODRV) 0.818
Romans 9 (AKJV) 0.809
2 Thessalonians 2 (AKJV) 0.808
1 Corinthians 11 (Geneva) 0.805
John 3 (AKJV) 0.804
1 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 0.801
Colossians 1 (Geneva) 0.796
Romans 3 (ODRV) 0.793
Ecclesiastes 8 (AKJV) 0.793
Matthew 23 (Geneva) 0.791
Galatians 5 (Geneva) 0.791
Luke 12 (AKJV) 0.787
Colossians 3 (ODRV) 0.774
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 0.756
Hebrews 12 (AKJV) 0.752
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 0.745
2 Corinthians 5 (AKJV) 0.741
Galatians 5 (AKJV) 0.738
Romans 2 (Geneva) 0.736
Romans 2 (AKJV) 0.733
2 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 0.727
Hebrews 10 (AKJV) 0.72
Romans 8 (Geneva) 0.712
1 Corinthians 15 (AKJV) 0.676
1 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 0.627
Diversity: 0.991
Evenness: 0.992
Verse Prominence
Acts 11.26 (ODRV) 2.306
1 John 2.27 (AKJV) 2.302
Romans 1.6 (AKJV) 1.536
Hebrews 3.1 (ODRV) 1.536
John 17.16 (Wycliffe) 1.535
John 14.13 (ODRV) 1.535
John 1.1 (Tyndale) 1.529
Jeremiah 5.1 (AKJV) 1.529
Psalms 105.15 (AKJV) 1.522
Acts 6.7 (Tyndale) 0.769
Luke 12.13 (AKJV) 0.769
Exodus 30.29 (AKJV) 0.769
John 16.16 (ODRV) 0.769
Acts 2.11 (ODRV) 0.769
Acts 11.19 (Tyndale) 0.769
Acts 11.22 (AKJV) 0.769
2 Maccabees 10.9 (Douay-Rheims) 0.769
Acts 9.28 (Tyndale) 0.769
Matthew 23.28 (ODRV) 0.769
Titus 1.16 (Geneva) 0.769
John 17.16 (Vulgate) 0.769
Baruch 3.19 (AKJV) 0.769
Exodus 30.23 (Geneva) 0.769
Exodus 30.23 (ODRV) 0.769
Exodus 30.24 (AKJV) 0.769
Exodus 30.30 (AKJV) 0.769
John 14.17 (Wycliffe) 0.769
Ecclesiasticus 8.17 (Douay-Rheims) 0.769
1 John 2.6 (Geneva) 0.769
Acts 22.4 (Geneva) 0.769
John 9.28 (Geneva) 0.769
Revelation 13.2 (ODRV) 0.769
Romans 2.17 (Geneva) 0.769
Romans 1.6 (Tyndale) 0.768
Acts 8.5 (ODRV) 0.768
Acts 11.19 (AKJV) 0.768
Acts 11.21 (AKJV) 0.768
Acts 11.24 (ODRV) 0.768
1 Peter 4.16 (Tyndale) 0.768
John 8.48 (Geneva) 0.768
Revelation 3.15 (AKJV) 0.768
John 17.18 (AKJV) 0.768
1 John 1.1 (AKJV) 0.768
Revelation 17.2 (Geneva) 0.768
Canticles 4.13 (AKJV) 0.768
Canticles 4.14 (AKJV) 0.768
Romans 2.17 (AKJV) 0.768
2 Peter 2.14 (ODRV) 0.768
2 Maccabees 3.20 (AKJV) 0.768
Revelation 11.15 (AKJV) 0.768
Psalms 113.3 (AKJV) 0.768
Ecclesiastes 8.1 (AKJV) 0.768
John 9.28 (Tyndale) 0.768
Acts 11.26 (Tyndale) 0.767
Acts 24.5 (AKJV) 0.767
Matthew 23.29 (Geneva) 0.767
Matthew 23.27 (ODRV) 0.767
Matthew 23.27 (Geneva) 0.767
Ephesians 4.21 (Tyndale) 0.767
1 Corinthians 11.1 (Geneva) 0.767
1 Thessalonians 1.6 (ODRV) 0.767
Romans 9.20 (ODRV) 0.767
Romans 8.9 (Geneva) 0.767
Hebrews 3.1 (Geneva) 0.767
Revelation 3.6 (ODRV) 0.767
John 8.30 (Tyndale) 0.767
1 John 2.20 (AKJV) 0.767
Isaiah 60.12 (AKJV) 0.766
2 Timothy 3.10 (AKJV) 0.766
Isaiah 42.2 (Geneva) 0.766
2 Thessalonians 2.3 (ODRV) 0.766
Revelation 17.14 (Geneva) 0.766
Revelation 2.29 (ODRV) 0.766
Matthew 10.25 (ODRV) 0.766
Genesis 13.13 (AKJV) 0.766
Luke 10.39 (AKJV) 0.766
2 Corinthians 4.4 (Tyndale) 0.765
Romans 9.6 (AKJV) 0.765
Matthew 3.16 (ODRV) 0.765
1 Peter 4.15 (Tyndale) 0.765
Revelation 17.2 (AKJV) 0.765
John 14.26 (Tyndale) 0.765
2 Corinthians 8.21 (Tyndale) 0.765
Ecclesiastes 8.1 (Geneva) 0.765
1 Corinthians 15.23 (AKJV) 0.764
Revelation 3.16 (AKJV) 0.764
Isaiah 61.1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.764
2 Corinthians 8.21 (AKJV) 0.764
Hebrews 10.13 (AKJV) 0.764
1 Peter 4.16 (Geneva) 0.763
Luke 18.8 (Geneva) 0.763
Hebrews 10.26 (AKJV) 0.763
Galatians 5.1 (Geneva) 0.763
Matthew 12.30 (ODRV) 0.762
Matthew 12.30 (AKJV) 0.762
Matthew 12.30 (Geneva) 0.762
1 Peter 2.23 (AKJV) 0.762
John 16.8 (AKJV) 0.762
John 3.16 (ODRV) 0.761
John 7.24 (AKJV) 0.76
John 7.24 (Geneva) 0.76
Acts 2.3 (AKJV) 0.759
2 Thessalonians 1.12 (Tyndale) 0.758
Hebrews 12.14 (AKJV) 0.758
Colossians 3.2 (ODRV) 0.756
Colossians 1.18 (Geneva) 0.756
1 Peter 2.23 (Tyndale) 0.755
John 3.17 (AKJV) 0.754
1 John 1.3 (AKJV) 0.752
Hebrews 10.27 (AKJV) 0.752
2 Corinthians 5.21 (AKJV) 0.749
2 Thessalonians 2.4 (AKJV) 0.747
Revelation 22.20 (AKJV) 0.745
Romans 3.28 (ODRV) 0.742
Colossians 3.1 (ODRV) 0.741
Revelation 22.20 (Geneva) 0.739
Galatians 5.22 (AKJV) 0.738
1 Timothy 3.16 (AKJV) 0.737
1 Corinthians 10.31 (AKJV) 0.727
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.962
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
1 Thessalonians 2.659
2 Kings 2.565
Mark 2.564
Daniel 2.514
2 Peter 2.457
1 John 2.393
2 Timothy 2.312
1 Samuel 2.129
Philippians 2.064
1 Timothy 2.048
Galatians 2.02
Ecclesiastes 1.899
1 Peter 1.838
Ephesians 1.798
Revelation 1.569
2 Corinthians 1.45
Genesis 1.388
Hebrews 1.063
Acts 0.834
John 0.776
Luke 0.744
1 Corinthians 0.63
Isaiah 0.556
Romans 0.115
Matthew 0.017
Psalms -1.188
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Mark 2 1.698
Genesis 13 1.678
Daniel 7 1.672
2 Kings 17 1.664
Acts 22 1.658
Revelation 11 1.653
Psalms 110 1.65
1 Thessalonians 1 1.643
Revelation 13 1.641
Psalms 105 1.639
Daniel 9 1.633
Acts 11 1.63
Isaiah 60 1.623
1 John 1 1.62
Hebrews 7 1.597
John 9 1.584
Hebrews 1 1.57
1 Timothy 3 1.559
Acts 10 1.553
2 Corinthians 11 1.551
Galatians 2 1.551
Acts 8 1.549
Acts 9 1.544
1 Peter 4 1.539
John 13 1.534
1 Samuel 2 1.534
Matthew 12 1.533
1 Peter 5 1.53
Acts 4 1.525
Acts 13 1.514
John 4 1.514
Ecclesiastes 8 1.509
1 John 2 1.504
Ephesians 1 1.502
Romans 3 1.499
Luke 10 1.49
John 17 1.486
Luke 16 1.483
John 5 1.48
Matthew 23 1.478
1 Corinthians 10 1.455
Romans 6 1.454
2 Peter 2 1.452
Matthew 10 1.448
2 Timothy 3 1.444
Isaiah 1 1.444
John 1 1.439
Hebrews 10 1.438
Acts 17 1.408
Romans 2 1.407
John 3 1.403
Luke 12 1.4
Galatians 6 1.399
Philippians 3 1.365
2 Corinthians 5 1.338
1 Corinthians 11 1.322
1 Peter 2 1.272
Romans 8 1.191
Diversity: 0.986
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
2 Kings 17.41 1.388
John 13.31 1.388
John 13.32 1.388
Romans 3.30 1.388
John 9.28 1.388
Mark 2.18 1.388
1 Timothy 3.12 1.388
Acts 4.26 1.387
Genesis 13.13 1.387
Luke 10.39 1.387
John 1.41 1.386
2 Kings 17.33 1.386
Matthew 23.28 1.386
Luke 12.13 1.386
Daniel 7.27 1.386
Luke 16.13 1.385
Galatians 2.4 1.385
John 4.25 1.385
Romans 2.17 1.385
1 Peter 4.16 1.384
Acts 8.39 1.384
Galatians 6.12 1.384
Hebrews 10.13 1.384
Isaiah 60.12 1.384
Daniel 9.25 1.383
1 Samuel 2.12 1.383
Acts 4.27 1.382
Luke 16.14 1.382
1 John 2.20 1.382
1 Peter 4.11 1.382
John 5.23 1.382
1 John 1.1 1.382
Revelation 13.2 1.382
Matthew 10.25 1.381
Romans 3.28 1.381
Revelation 11.15 1.381
Acts 9.1 1.38
1 John 1.2 1.38
2 Peter 2.12 1.379
Luke 16.15 1.379
Matthew 23.27 1.379
Psalms 110.1 1.379
1 Samuel 2.13 1.378
Matthew 12.30 1.376
Matthew 23.14 1.376
John 17.5 1.376
1 John 1.3 1.376
2 Corinthians 11.13 1.375
John 17.23 1.374
Hebrews 10.26 1.374
Acts 22.3 1.373
Acts 11.26 1.372
Romans 6.17 1.372
Hebrews 7.25 1.37
1 Corinthians 11.1 1.369
Acts 13.50 1.369
Acts 17.18 1.368
1 Peter 5.3 1.368
Hebrews 7.26 1.368
Acts 10.38 1.367
Ephesians 1.4 1.362
Romans 8.11 1.362
1 Corinthians 10.31 1.362
1 Timothy 3.16 1.36
John 1.1 1.359
2 Timothy 3.5 1.359
John 1.14 1.358
Ecclesiastes 8.1 1.355
1 Peter 2.2 1.355
Galatians 2.20 1.345
Philippians 3.20 1.34
John 3.16 1.33
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase