Comets

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 8.5% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 5.5% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 82.0% 100.0%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 13.6% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 4.0% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.889
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Apocrypha (AKJV) 6.39
New Testament (Vulgate) 6.165
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 2.601
Old Testament (Geneva) 1.337
New Testament (Tyndale) 1.331
New Testament (Geneva) 0.166
New Testament (ODRV) 0.079
Old Testament (AKJV) -0.749
New Testament (AKJV) -0.947
Diversity: 0.967
Evenness: 0.997
Book Prominence
Zephaniah (AKJV) 6.178
2 John (AKJV) 3.084
Revelation (Vulgate) 3.079
Haggai (AKJV) 3.068
Habakkuk (Geneva) 3.049
Joel (Douay-Rheims) 3.044
Baruch (AKJV) 3.036
Joel (AKJV) 3.018
Jonah (AKJV) 3.01
Malachi (Douay-Rheims) 3.008
Habakkuk (AKJV) 2.998
Amos (AKJV) 2.93
3 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 2.909
Leviticus (Douay-Rheims) 2.906
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 2.734
Revelation (Tyndale) 2.71
1 John (Geneva) 2.677
Jeremiah (Douay-Rheims) 2.608
Revelation (AKJV) 2.54
Jeremiah (AKJV) 2.473
Acts (ODRV) 2.421
Luke (Tyndale) 2.386
Luke (Geneva) 2.269
Genesis (AKJV) 2.237
Luke (ODRV) 2.189
Job (AKJV) 2.076
Luke (AKJV) 1.948
Isaiah (AKJV) 1.826
Matthew (AKJV) 1.645
Psalms (Geneva) 1.45
Psalms (AKJV) 0.559
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 0.995
Chapter Prominence
Zephaniah 2 (AKJV) 4.754
Genesis 41 (AKJV) 4.739
Jeremiah 36 (Douay-Rheims) 2.38
Revelation 12 (Vulgate) 2.379
Jeremiah 36 (AKJV) 2.379
Amos 9 (AKJV) 2.376
Leviticus 20 (Douay-Rheims) 2.376
Jeremiah 10 (Douay-Rheims) 2.373
Revelation 8 (AKJV) 2.373
3 Kings 7 (Douay-Rheims) 2.372
Acts 11 (ODRV) 2.371
Malachi 4 (Douay-Rheims) 2.37
Baruch 1 (AKJV) 2.369
Habakkuk 3 (Geneva) 2.367
Revelation 12 (Tyndale) 2.366
Isaiah 13 (AKJV) 2.364
Habakkuk 3 (AKJV) 2.363
Jonah 3 (AKJV) 2.362
2 John 1 (AKJV) 2.361
Jeremiah 18 (AKJV) 2.361
Joel 1 (AKJV) 2.36
Haggai 1 (AKJV) 2.358
Psalms 90 (Geneva) 2.354
Luke 21 (Tyndale) 2.353
Psalms 95 (AKJV) 2.353
Joel 2 (Douay-Rheims) 2.351
Amos 3 (AKJV) 2.349
Psalms 32 (AKJV) 2.342
Job 38 (AKJV) 2.333
Luke 21 (ODRV) 2.331
Luke 21 (Geneva) 2.328
Genesis 1 (AKJV) 2.326
Deuteronomy 32 (Geneva) 2.319
Luke 21 (AKJV) 2.317
Psalms 105 (AKJV) 2.317
1 John 2 (Geneva) 2.314
Isaiah 26 (AKJV) 2.298
Matthew 23 (AKJV) 2.283
Matthew 24 (AKJV) 2.274
Psalms 90 (AKJV) 2.234
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.995
Verse Prominence
Luke 21.10 (ODRV) 3.918
Genesis 41.32 (AKJV) 3.918
Zephaniah 2.2 (AKJV) 3.917
Revelation 12.1 (Vulgate) 1.96
Jeremiah 36.3 (AKJV) 1.96
Luke 21.11 (AKJV) 1.96
Luke 21.20 (Tyndale) 1.96
Luke 21.7 (ODRV) 1.96
Luke 21.7 (Geneva) 1.96
Luke 21.7 (AKJV) 1.96
2 John 1.7 (AKJV) 1.96
Luke 21.9 (Geneva) 1.96
Luke 21.11 (ODRV) 1.96
Haggai 1.10 (AKJV) 1.96
Jeremiah 10.2 (Douay-Rheims) 1.96
Joel 2.30 (Douay-Rheims) 1.96
Psalms 90.7 (Geneva) 1.96
Revelation 8.10 (AKJV) 1.96
Isaiah 13.6 (AKJV) 1.96
Amos 9.10 (AKJV) 1.96
Habakkuk 3.16 (Geneva) 1.96
Habakkuk 3.16 (AKJV) 1.96
Leviticus 20.12 (Douay-Rheims) 1.96
Baruch 1.21 (AKJV) 1.96
Jeremiah 36.3 (Douay-Rheims) 1.96
Deuteronomy 32.35 (Geneva) 1.959
Matthew 24.5 (AKJV) 1.959
1 John 2.18 (Geneva) 1.959
Acts 11.28 (ODRV) 1.959
Genesis 1.14 (AKJV) 1.959
Revelation 12.15 (Tyndale) 1.959
Luke 21.36 (AKJV) 1.959
Matthew 23.37 (AKJV) 1.959
Malachi 4.5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.958
Luke 21.28 (Tyndale) 1.958
Psalms 90.7 (AKJV) 1.958
Psalms 105.35 (AKJV) 1.958
Psalms 32.6 (AKJV) 1.958
Zephaniah 2.3 (AKJV) 1.958
Job 38.31 (AKJV) 1.957
Jeremiah 18.7 (AKJV) 1.957
Psalms 95.3 (AKJV) 1.956
Isaiah 26.20 (AKJV) 1.955
Jonah 3.4 (AKJV) 1.955
Jeremiah 18.8 (AKJV) 1.954
3 Kings 7.4 (Douay-Rheims) 1.953
Joel 1.15 (AKJV) 1.953
Amos 3.8 (AKJV) 1.953
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.944
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Zephaniah 5.26
Apocalypse 5.202
Joel 5.168
Habakkuk 5.012
Amos 4.833
2 Kings 4.275
1 Kings 4.139
1 John 4.102
Ephesians 3.507
Jeremiah 3.317
Job 3.305
Revelation 3.279
Genesis 3.097
Acts 2.543
Luke 2.454
1 Corinthians 2.339
Romans 1.824
Matthew 1.726
Diversity: 0.957
Evenness: 0.995
Chapter Prominence
Matthew 24 7.766
Apocalypse 8 3.996
Amos 7 3.979
Zephaniah 2 3.977
2 Kings 3 3.973
Revelation 8 3.967
Genesis 41 3.952
Habakkuk 3 3.948
Job 38 3.938
Jeremiah 18 3.936
Jeremiah 10 3.911
Acts 11 3.906
Joel 2 3.902
Jeremiah 7 3.902
1 Kings 22 3.894
Revelation 12 3.871
Luke 21 3.854
Genesis 1 3.852
Jeremiah 3 3.825
1 John 2 3.78
Matthew 23 3.754
1 Corinthians 1 3.684
Ephesians 4 3.568
Romans 8 3.467
Diversity: 0.964
Evenness: 0.993
Verse Prominence
Matthew 24.7 6.446
Luke 21.36 6.442
1 Kings 22.47 3.225
Revelation 8.7 3.225
Apocalypse 8.10 3.225
Revelation 8.10 3.224
Amos 7.3 3.224
Amos 7.6 3.224
Genesis 1.14 3.222
Joel 2.31 3.222
Revelation 12.2 3.222
Genesis 41.32 3.222
Revelation 12.15 3.221
2 Kings 3.22 3.221
Habakkuk 3.16 3.221
Job 38.31 3.221
Jeremiah 10.2 3.219
Joel 2.30 3.219
Zephaniah 2.2 3.218
Zephaniah 2.3 3.217
Acts 11.28 3.215
Jeremiah 18.7 3.21
Jeremiah 18.8 3.209
Matthew 23.37 3.209
1 John 2.18 3.208
Ephesians 4.30 3.207
Romans 8.23 3.202
Luke 21.25 3.201
1 Corinthians 1.30 3.18
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase