Faith and reason

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 6.7% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 4.5% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 84.3% 100.0%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.3% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 9.3% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 3.5% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.82
Evenness: 0.943
Part Prominence
New Testament (AKJV) 17.942
Old Testament (AKJV) 8.14
New Testament (Vulgate) 5.054
Old Testament (Geneva) 0.225
New Testament (Tyndale) 0.219
New Testament (Geneva) -0.945
New Testament (ODRV) -1.032
Diversity: 0.968
Evenness: 0.987
Book Prominence
Romans (AKJV) 6.0
Romans (Tyndale) 4.209
Psalms (AKJV) 2.562
Galatians (Vulgate) 2.469
Mark (ODRV) 2.362
Romans (Vulgate) 2.345
1 Timothy (Tyndale) 2.302
1 Corinthians (Vulgate) 2.283
Ezekiel (Geneva) 2.277
2 Timothy (ODRV) 2.272
Ezekiel (AKJV) 2.174
Philippians (Geneva) 2.147
James (ODRV) 2.127
1 Peter (ODRV) 2.121
Hebrews (Tyndale) 2.114
1 John (ODRV) 2.082
Genesis (Geneva) 1.976
Galatians (ODRV) 1.974
1 Timothy (AKJV) 1.913
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 1.826
Luke (Tyndale) 1.825
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 1.798
Ephesians (Geneva) 1.782
Genesis (AKJV) 1.676
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 1.665
Proverbs (Geneva) 1.616
Matthew (Tyndale) 1.542
Hebrews (AKJV) 1.48
Romans (ODRV) 1.413
John (AKJV) 1.404
Luke (AKJV) 1.387
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 1.363
Romans (Geneva) 1.169
Proverbs (AKJV) 1.156
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 1.037
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 0.985
Chapter Prominence
Romans 9 (AKJV) 5.79
Romans 3 (ODRV) 5.774
Psalms 27 (AKJV) 3.853
Romans 3 (Tyndale) 3.843
2 Corinthians 2 (Geneva) 1.951
1 Timothy 3 (Tyndale) 1.95
Romans 4 (Vulgate) 1.947
Galatians 5 (Vulgate) 1.941
Luke 2 (Tyndale) 1.936
2 Timothy 1 (ODRV) 1.935
Mark 16 (ODRV) 1.934
Ezekiel 18 (Geneva) 1.933
Genesis 1 (Geneva) 1.928
Hebrews 6 (Tyndale) 1.923
Matthew 13 (Tyndale) 1.92
Romans 10 (Tyndale) 1.919
Ezekiel 18 (AKJV) 1.916
Psalms 25 (AKJV) 1.915
Proverbs 8 (Geneva) 1.911
Romans 5 (Geneva) 1.908
Romans 11 (ODRV) 1.906
Genesis 1 (AKJV) 1.906
Romans 9 (Geneva) 1.902
Romans 9 (ODRV) 1.902
1 Corinthians 15 (Vulgate) 1.901
Romans 11 (Geneva) 1.899
Galatians 2 (ODRV) 1.898
Proverbs 25 (AKJV) 1.895
2 Corinthians 4 (ODRV) 1.888
1 Corinthians 13 (Geneva) 1.885
Romans 10 (ODRV) 1.881
Luke 6 (AKJV) 1.881
2 Corinthians 1 (AKJV) 1.877
1 John 5 (ODRV) 1.875
Romans 4 (AKJV) 1.874
Philippians 3 (Geneva) 1.87
1 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 1.861
John 6 (AKJV) 1.86
James 2 (ODRV) 1.86
Galatians 5 (ODRV) 1.859
1 Corinthians 2 (AKJV) 1.852
1 Peter 2 (ODRV) 1.849
Ephesians 2 (Geneva) 1.835
Romans 3 (AKJV) 1.835
Hebrews 10 (AKJV) 1.78
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.987
Verse Prominence
Romans 9.33 (AKJV) 5.082
Romans 3.28 (ODRV) 5.057
Psalms 27.1 (AKJV) 3.38
Romans 3.24 (Tyndale) 3.373
1 Timothy 3.16 (Tyndale) 1.694
Matthew 13.11 (Tyndale) 1.694
Romans 9.32 (ODRV) 1.694
Luke 2.34 (Tyndale) 1.694
2 Corinthians 2.16 (Geneva) 1.694
Galatians 5.2 (Vulgate) 1.694
Mark 16.16 (ODRV) 1.694
Proverbs 8.31 (Geneva) 1.694
Galatians 5.2 (ODRV) 1.693
Romans 4.2 (Vulgate) 1.693
1 John 5.10 (ODRV) 1.693
Romans 9.32 (AKJV) 1.692
Romans 5.5 (Geneva) 1.692
Romans 9.24 (AKJV) 1.691
Romans 4.16 (AKJV) 1.691
Romans 11.34 (Geneva) 1.691
Romans 10.11 (ODRV) 1.691
Romans 9.32 (Geneva) 1.691
Romans 11.6 (Geneva) 1.691
2 Timothy 1.9 (ODRV) 1.691
Romans 3.10 (AKJV) 1.691
2 Corinthians 1.24 (AKJV) 1.691
Romans 11.34 (ODRV) 1.69
Ezekiel 18.4 (AKJV) 1.69
Ezekiel 18.4 (Geneva) 1.69
Luke 6.35 (AKJV) 1.69
John 6.44 (AKJV) 1.69
Genesis 1.3 (AKJV) 1.69
Genesis 1.3 (Geneva) 1.69
2 Corinthians 4.6 (ODRV) 1.69
1 Corinthians 15.44 (Vulgate) 1.689
1 Peter 2.8 (ODRV) 1.689
1 Corinthians 2.5 (AKJV) 1.689
Psalms 25.14 (AKJV) 1.688
Proverbs 25.2 (AKJV) 1.687
John 6.68 (AKJV) 1.686
James 2.24 (ODRV) 1.685
Hebrews 6.19 (Tyndale) 1.683
1 Corinthians 2.7 (AKJV) 1.683
Romans 3.23 (AKJV) 1.682
Ephesians 2.7 (Geneva) 1.681
Romans 10.17 (Tyndale) 1.681
Philippians 3.9 (Geneva) 1.676
Genesis 1.27 (AKJV) 1.676
Hebrews 10.23 (AKJV) 1.675
Galatians 2.16 (ODRV) 1.667
Ephesians 2.8 (Geneva) 1.666
1 Corinthians 13.12 (Geneva) 1.665
1 Timothy 3.16 (AKJV) 1.663
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.952
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
2 Thessalonians 3.828
Titus 3.601
Mark 3.479
Colossians 3.355
1 John 3.308
2 Timothy 3.228
1 Timothy 2.964
Galatians 2.936
1 Peter 2.754
Ephesians 2.714
2 Corinthians 2.366
Hebrews 1.978
Proverbs 1.814
Acts 1.749
John 1.692
Luke 1.66
1 Corinthians 1.546
Isaiah 1.471
Romans 1.031
Matthew 0.933
Psalms -0.272
Diversity: 0.977
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Psalms 25 2.197
Acts 19 2.181
2 Thessalonians 1 2.177
Acts 18 2.173
Proverbs 25 2.171
Matthew 17 2.159
Psalms 27 2.157
Mark 16 2.148
Isaiah 55 2.145
Ephesians 3 2.135
Luke 6 2.131
1 John 5 2.122
1 Timothy 3 2.108
2 Timothy 1 2.098
2 Corinthians 1 2.091
Luke 2 2.088
Acts 4 2.073
Romans 11 2.063
Acts 13 2.062
Titus 3 2.061
Acts 20 2.057
1 John 2 2.053
Ephesians 1 2.051
Colossians 1 2.048
Romans 3 2.047
John 6 2.046
1 Corinthians 2 2.045
Romans 10 2.038
Matthew 11 2.037
Matthew 16 2.035
Matthew 13 2.032
Hebrews 6 2.016
Ephesians 2 2.014
Galatians 5 2.001
John 14 2.0
1 Corinthians 1 1.957
Acts 17 1.956
Romans 2 1.955
John 3 1.952
1 Peter 1 1.911
Ephesians 4 1.84
1 Peter 2 1.82
Matthew 5 1.773
Romans 8 1.74
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.998
Verse Prominence
Ephesians 3.10 3.692
Colossians 1.4 1.85
Luke 2.34 1.849
John 6.69 1.848
Isaiah 55.9 1.847
Acts 13.45 1.847
Colossians 1.26 1.846
2 Thessalonians 1.11 1.846
Ephesians 3.9 1.845
Matthew 13.11 1.845
Ephesians 2.7 1.845
Romans 11.34 1.845
Colossians 1.5 1.845
2 Corinthians 1.24 1.845
1 Corinthians 2.7 1.844
Psalms 25.14 1.844
Colossians 1.27 1.843
Galatians 5.2 1.843
Titus 3.4 1.843
John 6.68 1.843
1 Timothy 3.9 1.843
Hebrews 6.19 1.843
Ephesians 3.18 1.843
Ephesians 3.12 1.843
1 Peter 2.8 1.842
1 Corinthians 2.10 1.842
Proverbs 25.2 1.842
1 John 5.20 1.842
1 Peter 2.7 1.84
Romans 11.6 1.84
Matthew 11.25 1.839
Psalms 27.1 1.839
Luke 6.35 1.838
Romans 3.24 1.837
Ephesians 1.18 1.837
1 John 2.27 1.836
Matthew 5.45 1.835
2 Timothy 1.9 1.835
1 Corinthians 1.23 1.833
Romans 8.39 1.832
Ephesians 1.13 1.831
1 Peter 1.12 1.83
Acts 4.12 1.83
1 Timothy 3.16 1.823
Romans 8.38 1.823
John 14.6 1.822
Romans 10.15 1.821
Ephesians 2.8 1.821
Ephesians 4.13 1.817
1 Corinthians 2.9 1.812
Mark 16.16 1.801
Romans 2.4 1.797
John 3.16 1.793
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase