J. B. -- (John Butler). -- True state of the case

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 10.2% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 4.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 81.7% 100.0%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 12.2% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 8.1% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.859
Evenness: 0.913
Part Prominence
New Testament (AKJV) 19.192
Apocrypha (ODRV) 4.817
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 2.587
Apocrypha (AKJV) 1.529
New Testament (Vulgate) 1.304
Old Testament (ODRV) -0.102
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -2.26
Old Testament (Geneva) -3.525
New Testament (Tyndale) -3.531
New Testament (Geneva) -4.695
New Testament (ODRV) -4.782
Old Testament (AKJV) -5.61
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.983
Book Prominence
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 4.22
Leviticus (AKJV) 2.009
1 Thessalonians (ODRV) 1.998
Philippians (ODRV) 1.55
Genesis (AKJV) 1.411
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 1.155
Romans (ODRV) 1.147
Revelation (Vulgate) 1.103
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 1.098
1 Maccabees (AKJV) 1.057
Numbers (Geneva) 0.969
Wisdom (ODRV) 0.967
Hosea (Douay-Rheims) 0.961
Romans (Vulgate) 0.931
Leviticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.931
Titus (Geneva) 0.923
Matthew (Vulgate) 0.895
1 Timothy (Tyndale) 0.887
Numbers (AKJV) 0.87
1 Corinthians (Vulgate) 0.868
1 Thessalonians (Tyndale) 0.86
2 Timothy (ODRV) 0.858
1 Thessalonians (Geneva) 0.832
2 Timothy (Geneva) 0.772
Colossians (Geneva) 0.769
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 0.758
2 Samuel (AKJV) 0.755
Exodus (Geneva) 0.727
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 0.715
Ephesians (Tyndale) 0.713
1 Peter (ODRV) 0.706
2 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.704
1 John (Geneva) 0.701
Hebrews (Tyndale) 0.699
Galatians (Geneva) 0.679
1 Thessalonians (AKJV) 0.675
1 John (ODRV) 0.668
Acts (Tyndale) 0.625
Colossians (AKJV) 0.624
Genesis (ODRV) 0.608
Romans (AKJV) 0.607
Exodus (AKJV) 0.576
Revelation (Geneva) 0.576
Revelation (AKJV) 0.565
Job (Douay-Rheims) 0.56
Galatians (ODRV) 0.559
1 John (AKJV) 0.558
2 Timothy (AKJV) 0.55
Ecclesiasticus (AKJV) 0.538
Ephesians (ODRV) 0.521
Galatians (AKJV) 0.489
Acts (ODRV) 0.445
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.441
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.418
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.412
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.411
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.383
Ephesians (Geneva) 0.367
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.36
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.33
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 0.322
Acts (AKJV) 0.314
Luke (Geneva) 0.294
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.261
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.25
Romans (Tyndale) 0.23
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.127
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.066
John (AKJV) -0.01
Matthew (Geneva) -0.021
Luke (AKJV) -0.027
Romans (Geneva) -0.245
Proverbs (AKJV) -0.259
Matthew (AKJV) -0.33
Psalms (AKJV) -1.417
Diversity: 0.99
Evenness: 0.988
Chapter Prominence
1 Corinthians 6 (AKJV) 3.866
Leviticus 18 (AKJV) 1.579
1 Thessalonians 4 (ODRV) 1.549
1 Corinthians 6 (ODRV) 1.544
1 Corinthians 6 (Geneva) 1.52
Genesis 2 (AKJV) 1.515
1 Corinthians 3 (ODRV) 1.514
Romans 1 (ODRV) 1.504
Romans 1 (AKJV) 1.475
Philippians 3 (ODRV) 1.445
Romans 8 (AKJV) 1.252
Revelation 2 (Vulgate) 0.793
2 Samuel 11 (AKJV) 0.788
Matthew 19 (Vulgate) 0.788
Ecclesiasticus 9 (AKJV) 0.788
1 Corinthians 2 (Vulgate) 0.788
Wisdom 14 (ODRV) 0.786
Numbers 25 (Geneva) 0.785
Genesis 34 (AKJV) 0.785
Numbers 25 (AKJV) 0.784
Deuteronomy 23 (Geneva) 0.783
Hosea 4 (Douay-Rheims) 0.783
Hebrews 8 (ODRV) 0.781
Romans 4 (Vulgate) 0.78
1 Maccabees 2 (AKJV) 0.779
Leviticus 13 (Douay-Rheims) 0.779
Ecclesiasticus 15 (Douay-Rheims) 0.778
1 Timothy 4 (Tyndale) 0.777
Genesis 25 (ODRV) 0.774
Matthew 5 (Vulgate) 0.772
Acts 15 (ODRV) 0.772
Genesis 22 (AKJV) 0.769
Revelation 2 (Geneva) 0.766
Job 31 (Douay-Rheims) 0.764
Acts 15 (AKJV) 0.764
Genesis 25 (AKJV) 0.763
Proverbs 5 (Douay-Rheims) 0.762
Proverbs 2 (AKJV) 0.761
Proverbs 5 (AKJV) 0.761
1 Corinthians 6 (Tyndale) 0.76
Exodus 20 (Geneva) 0.759
Exodus 20 (AKJV) 0.758
Matthew 19 (Geneva) 0.758
Revelation 2 (AKJV) 0.756
Hebrews 7 (AKJV) 0.755
Proverbs 2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.754
Revelation 21 (Geneva) 0.751
Deuteronomy 5 (Douay-Rheims) 0.75
2 Corinthians 1 (ODRV) 0.749
Romans 8 (Vulgate) 0.749
2 Corinthians 7 (AKJV) 0.749
Acts 17 (Tyndale) 0.748
Titus 3 (Geneva) 0.748
Hebrews 10 (Tyndale) 0.748
Psalms 81 (AKJV) 0.745
Proverbs 6 (AKJV) 0.744
Matthew 19 (Tyndale) 0.739
2 Corinthians 12 (AKJV) 0.738
1 Thessalonians 4 (Tyndale) 0.737
2 Timothy 2 (ODRV) 0.737
Matthew 19 (AKJV) 0.735
Luke 16 (Geneva) 0.732
1 Corinthians 3 (Tyndale) 0.731
Revelation 20 (AKJV) 0.728
Romans 12 (Tyndale) 0.728
Revelation 20 (Geneva) 0.727
1 John 4 (ODRV) 0.725
Romans 4 (Geneva) 0.724
2 Corinthians 4 (Tyndale) 0.723
Galatians 3 (ODRV) 0.722
Colossians 3 (Geneva) 0.72
Ephesians 4 (Tyndale) 0.72
2 Timothy 2 (Geneva) 0.717
Acts 17 (AKJV) 0.715
Matthew 11 (AKJV) 0.715
Luke 16 (AKJV) 0.713
1 Thessalonians 4 (Geneva) 0.711
Hebrews 4 (ODRV) 0.707
Romans 4 (AKJV) 0.707
Matthew 5 (Tyndale) 0.701
Hebrews 13 (Geneva) 0.696
Galatians 5 (ODRV) 0.692
Romans 7 (AKJV) 0.692
2 Corinthians 4 (Geneva) 0.687
1 Corinthians 2 (Geneva) 0.686
Romans 1 (Geneva) 0.685
1 Corinthians 2 (AKJV) 0.685
1 Thessalonians 4 (AKJV) 0.684
Galatians 5 (Geneva) 0.684
1 Corinthians 12 (ODRV) 0.684
Hebrews 12 (ODRV) 0.683
1 John 3 (Geneva) 0.682
1 Peter 2 (ODRV) 0.682
John 4 (AKJV) 0.68
1 Corinthians 12 (AKJV) 0.676
Ephesians 5 (Geneva) 0.671
Matthew 5 (Geneva) 0.659
1 Peter 1 (AKJV) 0.651
Colossians 3 (AKJV) 0.647
Hebrews 12 (AKJV) 0.645
Ephesians 5 (ODRV) 0.643
Hebrews 13 (AKJV) 0.638
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 0.637
2 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 0.637
Galatians 5 (AKJV) 0.631
1 Corinthians 10 (Geneva) 0.627
1 John 3 (AKJV) 0.624
Matthew 5 (AKJV) 0.618
Romans 8 (Geneva) 0.605
Ephesians 4 (Geneva) 0.565
1 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 0.52
Ephesians 4 (AKJV) 0.459
Diversity: 0.991
Evenness: 0.982
Verse Prominence
1 Corinthians 6.16 (AKJV) 2.8
Genesis 2.24 (AKJV) 2.241
1 Corinthians 6.13 (AKJV) 2.234
Matthew 19.9 (AKJV) 1.683
1 Corinthians 6.15 (AKJV) 1.682
1 Corinthians 6.18 (AKJV) 1.681
Leviticus 18.24 (AKJV) 1.123
Romans 1.24 (AKJV) 1.122
1 Corinthians 6.15 (Geneva) 1.121
Ephesians 5.5 (AKJV) 1.121
Genesis 2.23 (AKJV) 1.119
Galatians 5.19 (AKJV) 1.119
1 Thessalonians 4.3 (ODRV) 1.117
Colossians 3.5 (AKJV) 1.117
1 Corinthians 6.16 (ODRV) 1.116
1 Corinthians 6.15 (ODRV) 1.113
1 Corinthians 3.16 (ODRV) 1.111
Romans 8.9 (AKJV) 1.107
Romans 1.21 (ODRV) 1.107
1 Corinthians 6.20 (AKJV) 1.101
Philippians 3.20 (ODRV) 1.064
Hebrews 4.4 (ODRV) 0.561
1 Maccabees 2.54 (AKJV) 0.561
1 Thessalonians 4.5 (AKJV) 0.561
Proverbs 5.10 (AKJV) 0.561
Matthew 19.3 (AKJV) 0.561
Matthew 19.4 (Tyndale) 0.561
Luke 16.18 (Geneva) 0.561
2 Samuel 11.27 (AKJV) 0.561
Genesis 25.1 (AKJV) 0.561
Genesis 25.5 (AKJV) 0.561
Genesis 25.6 (ODRV) 0.561
Matthew 19.9 (Vulgate) 0.561
Deuteronomy 23.17 (Geneva) 0.561
1 Corinthians 10.8 (Geneva) 0.561
Genesis 34.13 (AKJV) 0.561
Genesis 34.31 (AKJV) 0.561
Hebrews 7.16 (AKJV) 0.561
Ephesians 4.17 (AKJV) 0.561
Acts 15.29 (AKJV) 0.561
Acts 15.20 (AKJV) 0.561
1 Timothy 4.4 (Tyndale) 0.561
Revelation 2.20 (Vulgate) 0.561
Ecclesiasticus 15.15 (Douay-Rheims) 0.561
Leviticus 13.8 (Douay-Rheims) 0.561
2 Corinthians 12.21 (AKJV) 0.561
1 Thessalonians 4.4 (Tyndale) 0.561
Proverbs 6.24 (AKJV) 0.561
Proverbs 6.25 (AKJV) 0.561
Proverbs 2.16 (AKJV) 0.561
Proverbs 2.18 (Douay-Rheims) 0.561
Proverbs 2.19 (AKJV) 0.56
Matthew 5.32 (Vulgate) 0.56
1 Corinthians 6.15 (Tyndale) 0.56
1 Corinthians 10.8 (AKJV) 0.56
Ephesians 5.3 (Geneva) 0.56
Revelation 2.21 (AKJV) 0.56
Revelation 2.21 (Geneva) 0.56
2 Corinthians 1.22 (ODRV) 0.56
1 John 4.13 (ODRV) 0.56
Wisdom 14.9 (ODRV) 0.56
Titus 3.8 (Geneva) 0.56
Proverbs 5.11 (AKJV) 0.56
1 Corinthians 2.10 (Vulgate) 0.56
Colossians 3.6 (Geneva) 0.56
Matthew 5.32 (AKJV) 0.559
Luke 16.18 (AKJV) 0.559
Numbers 25.1 (Geneva) 0.559
Numbers 25.2 (AKJV) 0.559
Acts 15.28 (ODRV) 0.559
Romans 4.25 (Vulgate) 0.559
Romans 1.24 (Geneva) 0.559
Acts 17.30 (Tyndale) 0.558
Ephesians 5.6 (AKJV) 0.558
Ephesians 5.29 (AKJV) 0.558
Matthew 5.32 (Geneva) 0.558
Deuteronomy 5.18 (Douay-Rheims) 0.558
Romans 1.28 (AKJV) 0.558
Colossians 3.5 (Geneva) 0.558
Proverbs 6.26 (AKJV) 0.558
Ecclesiasticus 9.6 (AKJV) 0.558
Ephesians 4.7 (Tyndale) 0.558
Hosea 4.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.558
2 Corinthians 4.4 (Tyndale) 0.558
1 Corinthians 6.10 (AKJV) 0.557
Ephesians 5.7 (AKJV) 0.557
Hebrews 8.6 (ODRV) 0.557
Genesis 22.18 (AKJV) 0.557
2 Timothy 2.26 (ODRV) 0.557
2 Timothy 2.18 (Geneva) 0.557
1 Thessalonians 4.7 (AKJV) 0.557
1 Thessalonians 4.7 (Geneva) 0.557
Ephesians 4.18 (Geneva) 0.556
Romans 1.28 (ODRV) 0.556
Matthew 19.8 (Geneva) 0.556
Acts 17.30 (AKJV) 0.556
1 Corinthians 6.17 (Geneva) 0.556
1 John 3.4 (Geneva) 0.555
Romans 7.3 (AKJV) 0.555
Acts 17.31 (AKJV) 0.555
Hebrews 13.4 (Geneva) 0.555
Romans 8.12 (Geneva) 0.555
1 Thessalonians 4.4 (AKJV) 0.554
1 Corinthians 6.9 (Geneva) 0.554
Matthew 11.26 (AKJV) 0.554
1 Peter 2.9 (ODRV) 0.554
1 Corinthians 6.9 (AKJV) 0.553
Romans 12.5 (Tyndale) 0.553
1 Corinthians 12.13 (AKJV) 0.553
Ephesians 5.28 (ODRV) 0.552
Matthew 19.6 (AKJV) 0.552
Galatians 3.9 (ODRV) 0.552
Colossians 3.6 (AKJV) 0.552
Romans 7.14 (AKJV) 0.552
Hebrews 10.29 (Tyndale) 0.552
Job 31.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.551
Revelation 21.8 (Geneva) 0.551
Hebrews 12.14 (AKJV) 0.551
Romans 8.9 (Vulgate) 0.55
1 Corinthians 3.17 (Tyndale) 0.55
Matthew 5.8 (Tyndale) 0.55
Exodus 20.8 (AKJV) 0.549
Exodus 20.8 (Geneva) 0.549
Ephesians 4.20 (AKJV) 0.548
Hebrews 13.4 (AKJV) 0.548
1 John 3.3 (AKJV) 0.548
1 Corinthians 6.19 (Geneva) 0.547
Proverbs 5.8 (Douay-Rheims) 0.545
Psalms 81.12 (AKJV) 0.544
1 Peter 1.15 (AKJV) 0.543
Romans 4.22 (Geneva) 0.542
Romans 4.22 (AKJV) 0.542
1 Corinthians 12.12 (ODRV) 0.538
1 Corinthians 2.14 (AKJV) 0.537
Galatians 5.17 (ODRV) 0.536
Ephesians 4.19 (AKJV) 0.536
2 Corinthians 7.1 (AKJV) 0.536
1 Corinthians 2.14 (Geneva) 0.535
1 Corinthians 12.27 (ODRV) 0.534
2 Timothy 2.26 (AKJV) 0.534
Galatians 5.17 (AKJV) 0.529
Revelation 20.14 (Geneva) 0.528
Galatians 5.17 (Geneva) 0.527
Revelation 20.14 (AKJV) 0.527
2 Corinthians 4.17 (Geneva) 0.526
Hebrews 12.14 (ODRV) 0.519
John 4.24 (AKJV) 0.502
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.444
Evenness: 0.918
Part Prominence
Old Testament 19.661
New Testament -14.573
Diversity: 0.962
Evenness: 0.993
Book Prominence
1 Thessalonians 5.48
Genesis 4.209
1 Chronicles 2.661
Leviticus 2.347
Judges 2.194
Hosea 2.115
Numbers 1.935
Colossians 1.926
1 John 1.88
2 Samuel 1.735
Ezekiel 1.705
Philippians 1.551
1 Timothy 1.535
Ecclesiastes 1.386
1 Peter 1.325
Ephesians 1.285
Exodus 1.225
Deuteronomy 1.207
Job 1.083
Revelation 1.056
2 Corinthians 0.937
Hebrews 0.55
Proverbs 0.386
Acts 0.321
Luke 0.232
1 Corinthians 0.117
Romans -0.398
Matthew -0.496
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.996
Chapter Prominence
1 Thessalonians 3 3.133
Genesis 6 3.033
Genesis 2 3.011
1 Chronicles 1 1.584
Numbers 1 1.571
Leviticus 18 1.569
Judges 11 1.565
Job 24 1.565
Genesis 16 1.556
Genesis 26 1.554
2 Samuel 11 1.545
Exodus 16 1.54
Deuteronomy 23 1.538
Ezekiel 20 1.531
Hosea 11 1.525
Genesis 31 1.52
Proverbs 9 1.52
1 Corinthians 16 1.509
Genesis 5 1.509
Acts 28 1.507
Proverbs 17 1.503
Proverbs 6 1.496
Hebrews 3 1.463
Hebrews 7 1.46
Luke 9 1.452
Ephesians 3 1.45
Matthew 8 1.45
Genesis 1 1.439
1 Corinthians 9 1.433
2 Corinthians 12 1.427
Proverbs 8 1.415
Proverbs 16 1.404
Ecclesiastes 9 1.4
Proverbs 10 1.392
1 Thessalonians 5 1.39
Matthew 19 1.374
1 Corinthians 12 1.374
Revelation 21 1.372
1 Corinthians 2 1.36
1 Timothy 2 1.357
1 Thessalonians 4 1.354
Revelation 2 1.352
Ephesians 6 1.34
1 Corinthians 3 1.332
Ephesians 2 1.328
1 Corinthians 10 1.318
Ephesians 5 1.315
Hebrews 10 1.301
Colossians 3 1.299
Acts 17 1.271
1 John 3 1.26
Philippians 3 1.228
1 Peter 1 1.226
Hebrews 13 1.196
Hebrews 12 1.19
Romans 1 1.167
1 Corinthians 15 1.144
1 Peter 2 1.135
Hebrews 11 1.092
Romans 8 1.055
Diversity: 0.973
Evenness: 0.985
Verse Prominence
Genesis 2.24 8.321
Genesis 2.23 4.16
Leviticus 18.24 2.081
Exodus 16.23 2.081
Matthew 19.3 2.081
2 Samuel 11.27 2.081
1 Chronicles 1.32 2.081
Judges 11.2 2.081
Deuteronomy 23.17 2.081
Proverbs 6.24 2.081
Genesis 16.1 2.08
Hebrews 7.16 2.079
Genesis 2.2 2.078
1 Corinthians 10.8 2.078
2 Corinthians 12.21 2.078
Matthew 19.9 2.077
Ezekiel 20.25 2.077
Hebrews 11.19 2.077
Genesis 2.3 2.076
Ephesians 5.32 2.076
Ecclesiastes 9.16 2.076
Revelation 2.14 2.072
Romans 1.26 2.071
Romans 1.24 2.069
Romans 8.9 2.064
1 Corinthians 3.16 2.064
Hebrews 3.12 2.064
Luke 9.55 2.063
Colossians 3.4 2.063
Romans 1.28 2.062
Matthew 19.8 2.061
1 Peter 1.15 2.06
Ephesians 2.12 2.057
Hebrews 13.4 2.057
Acts 17.30 2.054
Hebrews 10.29 2.054
1 Corinthians 12.13 2.052
Romans 1.21 2.05
1 John 3.3 2.049
1 Peter 2.9 2.044
1 Corinthians 2.14 2.038
Hebrews 12.14 2.029
Colossians 3.5 2.023
Revelation 21.8 1.999
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase