Justice

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 16.0% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 9.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 77.2% 100.0%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 5.2% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 18.3% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 11.6% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.893
Evenness: 0.987
Part Prominence
Old Testament (AKJV) 6.322
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 5.428
Apocrypha (AKJV) 4.37
Old Testament (ODRV) 2.739
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 0.581
Old Testament (Geneva) -0.684
New Testament (Tyndale) -0.69
New Testament (Geneva) -1.854
New Testament (ODRV) -1.941
New Testament (AKJV) -2.968
Diversity: 0.977
Evenness: 0.99
Book Prominence
Leviticus (Douay-Rheims) 3.555
Exodus (ODRV) 3.427
2 Peter (AKJV) 3.322
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 3.202
Romans (AKJV) 2.082
Baruch (AKJV) 1.798
Joshua (Geneva) 1.767
Amos (Geneva) 1.72
2 Paralipomenon (Douay-Rheims) 1.702
1 Kings (Geneva) 1.696
3 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.67
2 Peter (ODRV) 1.656
Daniel (Geneva) 1.59
Ezekiel (Douay-Rheims) 1.562
2 Chronicles (AKJV) 1.546
2 Timothy (Geneva) 1.509
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 1.496
2 Samuel (AKJV) 1.492
Colossians (ODRV) 1.481
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 1.453
2 Corinthians (Tyndale) 1.441
1 Thessalonians (AKJV) 1.413
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.378
1 Peter (Geneva) 1.319
Revelation (Geneva) 1.314
Exodus (AKJV) 1.313
Revelation (AKJV) 1.302
Job (Douay-Rheims) 1.298
Revelation (ODRV) 1.281
Psalms (AKJV) 1.207
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 1.179
Job (Geneva) 1.176
Hebrews (ODRV) 1.155
1 Peter (AKJV) 1.098
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 1.072
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 1.059
Genesis (AKJV) 0.999
Luke (ODRV) 0.951
Proverbs (Geneva) 0.939
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.865
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.803
Psalms (ODRV) 0.76
Romans (ODRV) 0.735
Matthew (ODRV) 0.529
Romans (Geneva) 0.492
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.478
Psalms (Geneva) 0.212
Diversity: 0.985
Evenness: 0.993
Chapter Prominence
Leviticus 5 (Douay-Rheims) 2.526
Deuteronomy 1 (AKJV) 2.519
Exodus 20 (ODRV) 2.491
Proverbs 6 (AKJV) 2.482
2 Peter 2 (AKJV) 2.443
Psalms 82 (AKJV) 2.422
Romans 13 (AKJV) 2.243
Baruch 4 (AKJV) 1.259
Job 8 (Geneva) 1.257
Psalms 93 (AKJV) 1.257
Deuteronomy 16 (Douay-Rheims) 1.256
Deuteronomy 10 (Geneva) 1.254
Deuteronomy 31 (AKJV) 1.254
2 Samuel 14 (AKJV) 1.253
Ecclesiasticus 29 (Douay-Rheims) 1.253
Psalms 108 (AKJV) 1.251
Joshua 1 (Geneva) 1.251
1 Kings 21 (Geneva) 1.25
2 Paralipomenon 19 (Douay-Rheims) 1.25
2 Corinthians 8 (Tyndale) 1.249
Proverbs 12 (Douay-Rheims) 1.249
Psalms 76 (ODRV) 1.247
Psalms 31 (Geneva) 1.247
Genesis 17 (AKJV) 1.246
3 Kings 8 (Douay-Rheims) 1.246
Deuteronomy 16 (AKJV) 1.243
Exodus 18 (AKJV) 1.241
Psalms 82 (Geneva) 1.241
Proverbs 20 (Geneva) 1.24
Ecclesiasticus 4 (Douay-Rheims) 1.239
Exodus 23 (AKJV) 1.237
Exodus 22 (AKJV) 1.236
Ezekiel 18 (Douay-Rheims) 1.236
Genesis 28 (AKJV) 1.235
Job 29 (Douay-Rheims) 1.234
Psalms 85 (AKJV) 1.234
Amos 5 (Geneva) 1.233
Psalms 21 (AKJV) 1.233
2 Peter 3 (ODRV) 1.231
2 Samuel 23 (AKJV) 1.227
Psalms 50 (Geneva) 1.225
Deuteronomy 5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.222
Proverbs 17 (AKJV) 1.214
Proverbs 24 (AKJV) 1.21
Luke 9 (ODRV) 1.209
2 Chronicles 19 (AKJV) 1.207
Psalms 50 (AKJV) 1.203
Proverbs 29 (AKJV) 1.203
Revelation 20 (AKJV) 1.201
Revelation 20 (Geneva) 1.2
Revelation 20 (ODRV) 1.198
Daniel 12 (Geneva) 1.192
Matthew 25 (Tyndale) 1.189
Proverbs 20 (AKJV) 1.183
Deuteronomy 32 (AKJV) 1.173
2 Peter 3 (AKJV) 1.167
Psalms 103 (AKJV) 1.165
Romans 2 (ODRV) 1.162
Matthew 25 (ODRV) 1.158
1 Peter 1 (Geneva) 1.156
Hebrews 12 (ODRV) 1.155
Romans 14 (Geneva) 1.155
Ecclesiastes 3 (AKJV) 1.154
2 Timothy 4 (Geneva) 1.152
1 Peter 2 (Geneva) 1.143
Colossians 3 (ODRV) 1.139
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 1.121
Hebrews 12 (AKJV) 1.117
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 1.11
1 Thessalonians 5 (AKJV) 1.107
1 Peter 5 (AKJV) 1.101
Psalms 119 (AKJV) 1.003
Diversity: 0.98
Evenness: 0.961
Verse Prominence
Psalms 82.1 (AKJV) 9.801
Psalms 82.6 (AKJV) 3.499
Proverbs 6.17 (AKJV) 1.785
Exodus 20.16 (ODRV) 1.785
Psalms 50.6 (AKJV) 1.784
Leviticus 5.1 (Douay-Rheims) 1.783
Deuteronomy 1.16 (AKJV) 1.779
Deuteronomy 1.17 (AKJV) 1.779
Psalms 82.7 (AKJV) 1.765
2 Peter 2.10 (AKJV) 1.765
Romans 13.4 (AKJV) 1.709
Psalms 50.1 (AKJV) 0.893
Psalms 31.13 (Geneva) 0.893
Exodus 22.9 (AKJV) 0.892
Deuteronomy 10.17 (Geneva) 0.892
Job 8.3 (Geneva) 0.892
Psalms 50.2 (Geneva) 0.892
Psalms 50.3 (AKJV) 0.892
Psalms 50.4 (AKJV) 0.892
Psalms 50.6 (Geneva) 0.892
2 Samuel 14.17 (AKJV) 0.892
Psalms 119.64 (AKJV) 0.892
Psalms 93.1 (AKJV) 0.892
Proverbs 29.12 (AKJV) 0.892
Proverbs 12.22 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
Proverbs 20.10 (AKJV) 0.892
Baruch 4.4 (AKJV) 0.892
Luke 9.25 (ODRV) 0.891
Revelation 20.11 (Geneva) 0.891
Exodus 23.8 (AKJV) 0.891
Psalms 50.5 (AKJV) 0.891
Job 29.16 (Douay-Rheims) 0.891
Psalms 108.4 (AKJV) 0.891
Proverbs 20.28 (Geneva) 0.891
Joshua 1.18 (Geneva) 0.891
3 Kings 8.27 (Douay-Rheims) 0.891
1 Kings 21.13 (Geneva) 0.891
Proverbs 24.24 (AKJV) 0.89
Deuteronomy 31.6 (AKJV) 0.89
Deuteronomy 32.4 (AKJV) 0.89
Psalms 82.1 (Geneva) 0.89
Psalms 21.5 (AKJV) 0.89
Deuteronomy 16.20 (Douay-Rheims) 0.889
Proverbs 17.15 (AKJV) 0.889
Psalms 103.9 (AKJV) 0.889
Matthew 25.31 (ODRV) 0.889
Ecclesiasticus 4.36 (Douay-Rheims) 0.889
Ecclesiasticus 29.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.889
2 Paralipomenon 19.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.889
2 Corinthians 8.21 (Tyndale) 0.889
Hebrews 12.28 (AKJV) 0.889
Deuteronomy 5.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.888
Genesis 17.15 (AKJV) 0.888
2 Peter 3.10 (ODRV) 0.888
Deuteronomy 16.19 (AKJV) 0.887
Psalms 82.4 (AKJV) 0.887
Ezekiel 18.5 (Douay-Rheims) 0.887
Matthew 25.31 (Tyndale) 0.887
2 Peter 3.10 (AKJV) 0.887
Psalms 82.3 (AKJV) 0.886
Exodus 18.21 (AKJV) 0.886
Genesis 28.17 (AKJV) 0.886
2 Paralipomenon 19.9 (Douay-Rheims) 0.886
Revelation 20.12 (Geneva) 0.885
Revelation 20.12 (ODRV) 0.884
Deuteronomy 5.20 (Douay-Rheims) 0.883
1 Peter 2.14 (Geneva) 0.882
Ecclesiastes 3.20 (AKJV) 0.882
Deuteronomy 16.18 (AKJV) 0.881
Psalms 76.10 (ODRV) 0.881
Psalms 85.10 (AKJV) 0.881
1 Thessalonians 5.2 (AKJV) 0.881
Amos 5.24 (Geneva) 0.88
2 Samuel 23.3 (AKJV) 0.88
Romans 14.10 (Geneva) 0.879
1 Peter 2.14 (AKJV) 0.879
Revelation 20.12 (AKJV) 0.879
Exodus 22.28 (AKJV) 0.877
Hebrews 12.29 (AKJV) 0.875
Hebrews 12.29 (ODRV) 0.875
Romans 2.11 (ODRV) 0.874
Colossians 3.4 (ODRV) 0.874
2 Timothy 4.8 (Geneva) 0.867
1 Peter 2.14 (Tyndale) 0.861
Matthew 25.41 (ODRV) 0.86
1 Peter 2.13 (AKJV) 0.854
2 Chronicles 19.6 (AKJV) 0.849
1 Peter 1.4 (Geneva) 0.849
Daniel 12.3 (Geneva) 0.837
1 Peter 5.11 (AKJV) 0.807
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.967
Evenness: 0.997
Book Prominence
2 Peter 4.861
Habakkuk 2.582
1 Chronicles 2.453
Lamentations 2.409
Micah 2.254
Malachi 2.218
Leviticus 2.139
2 Chronicles 1.871
Daniel 1.793
Colossians 1.718
1 Kings 1.708
2 Timothy 1.591
2 Samuel 1.526
Ezekiel 1.496
Ecclesiastes 1.178
1 Peter 1.117
Exodus 1.017
Deuteronomy 0.998
Job 0.875
Revelation 0.848
2 Corinthians 0.729
Genesis 0.667
Hebrews 0.341
Proverbs 0.178
Acts 0.112
Luke 0.023
1 Corinthians -0.091
Isaiah -0.166
Romans -0.606
Matthew -0.704
Psalms -1.909
Diversity: 0.986
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Exodus 18 2.544
Revelation 21 2.416
2 Peter 2 2.359
Leviticus 5 1.302
Isaiah 16 1.301
2 Chronicles 18 1.298
Psalms 93 1.294
1 Chronicles 28 1.28
Psalms 97 1.276
Psalms 57 1.269
Exodus 28 1.269
Psalms 21 1.265
Deuteronomy 16 1.265
1 Kings 10 1.265
Deuteronomy 10 1.264
Malachi 4 1.264
Job 8 1.263
Habakkuk 3 1.263
Psalms 85 1.262
Proverbs 12 1.262
Psalms 72 1.258
2 Samuel 14 1.257
1 Kings 3 1.255
2 Samuel 23 1.249
Psalms 75 1.249
1 Kings 21 1.24
Ezekiel 18 1.24
Proverbs 29 1.236
Job 29 1.235
Genesis 28 1.235
Psalms 15 1.235
Deuteronomy 1 1.234
2 Chronicles 19 1.234
Proverbs 17 1.232
Daniel 2 1.23
Lamentations 4 1.226
Proverbs 6 1.225
Genesis 17 1.224
Psalms 31 1.224
Acts 14 1.215
1 Kings 22 1.21
Revelation 20 1.206
Exodus 22 1.197
Exodus 20 1.19
Proverbs 24 1.189
Psalms 10 1.183
Micah 7 1.168
Revelation 22 1.161
Psalms 82 1.157
Proverbs 8 1.144
1 Peter 4 1.131
Acts 5 1.128
Matthew 12 1.124
Ecclesiastes 12 1.114
Psalms 50 1.109
Matthew 19 1.102
Ecclesiastes 8 1.1
Luke 22 1.099
1 Corinthians 14 1.098
2 Timothy 4 1.072
Romans 14 1.053
Deuteronomy 32 1.05
Matthew 26 1.046
1 Corinthians 6 1.042
Colossians 3 1.027
Acts 17 0.999
Matthew 25 0.982
2 Corinthians 5 0.929
Hebrews 12 0.919
1 Peter 2 0.863
Matthew 5 0.816
Psalms 119 0.792
Romans 13 0.738
Diversity: 0.99
Evenness: 0.993
Verse Prominence
Psalms 82.6 3.366
Psalms 82.7 1.716
Exodus 18.21 1.704
2 Peter 2.10 1.694
Revelation 21.8 1.655
Exodus 22.9 0.869
Isaiah 16.5 0.869
Genesis 17.15 0.869
1 Kings 10.18 0.869
1 Kings 10.20 0.869
Psalms 119.163 0.869
Daniel 2.9 0.869
1 Kings 22.16 0.869
2 Chronicles 18.15 0.869
Job 8.3 0.868
2 Samuel 14.19 0.868
Psalms 82.4 0.868
Psalms 50.4 0.868
Psalms 50.6 0.868
Proverbs 24.23 0.868
Psalms 57.10 0.868
Psalms 119.64 0.868
Psalms 10.18 0.868
Psalms 97.7 0.868
Psalms 72.14 0.868
2 Chronicles 19.9 0.868
Psalms 50.1 0.867
Psalms 50.2 0.867
Revelation 22.13 0.867
Psalms 93.1 0.867
1 Kings 10.19 0.867
Exodus 28.30 0.867
Proverbs 29.12 0.867
Colossians 3.20 0.867
1 Kings 21.13 0.867
Ezekiel 18.23 0.867
Psalms 82.3 0.866
Deuteronomy 10.17 0.866
Deuteronomy 10.18 0.866
Psalms 50.3 0.866
Genesis 17.9 0.866
Habakkuk 3.2 0.866
Exodus 20.16 0.866
Ezekiel 18.32 0.866
Malachi 4.5 0.866
Psalms 21.5 0.865
Proverbs 24.24 0.865
Genesis 28.16 0.865
Matthew 12.37 0.865
Exodus 20.7 0.865
Matthew 26.63 0.865
Luke 22.30 0.864
2 Chronicles 19.11 0.864
Acts 5.5 0.864
1 Kings 3.28 0.863
Deuteronomy 1.16 0.863
Deuteronomy 16.20 0.863
2 Chronicles 19.5 0.863
1 Peter 4.13 0.863
Psalms 50.5 0.862
Acts 14.11 0.862
Deuteronomy 32.4 0.862
Psalms 31.15 0.862
Leviticus 5.1 0.862
Revelation 20.11 0.862
1 Corinthians 6.3 0.861
Deuteronomy 16.18 0.861
Genesis 28.17 0.861
Psalms 15.2 0.861
Romans 14.10 0.861
2 Peter 2.12 0.86
Psalms 75.7 0.859
Proverbs 17.15 0.859
Acts 5.39 0.859
2 Peter 2.11 0.859
2 Samuel 23.3 0.858
1 Corinthians 6.2 0.858
Deuteronomy 16.19 0.858
1 Chronicles 28.20 0.857
Job 29.16 0.857
Hebrews 12.29 0.856
Acts 17.31 0.852
Ecclesiastes 12.14 0.852
Revelation 20.12 0.852
Deuteronomy 1.17 0.851
Psalms 85.8 0.851
Matthew 5.22 0.85
Psalms 82.1 0.849
Hebrews 12.28 0.849
1 Corinthians 14.33 0.849
Colossians 3.4 0.849
Matthew 19.28 0.848
2 Chronicles 19.7 0.845
Colossians 3.2 0.844
Micah 7.18 0.843
Lamentations 4.20 0.843
Ecclesiastes 8.1 0.836
2 Chronicles 19.6 0.835
Matthew 25.41 0.831
Matthew 25.34 0.827
1 Peter 2.14 0.817
Proverbs 8.15 0.814
Exodus 22.28 0.81
2 Corinthians 5.10 0.809
2 Timothy 4.8 0.797
Romans 13.4 0.758
1 Peter 2.13 0.758
Romans 13.1 0.614
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase