Langley, John, d. 1657

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 5.4% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 2.9% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 89.1% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 1.0% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.3% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 10.6% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.6% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 3.2% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 1.0% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.3% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 1.0% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 1.0% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.3% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.3% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.3% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.3% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 0.3% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.819
Evenness: 0.917
Part Prominence
New Testament (Geneva) 22.388
New Testament (ODRV) 5.634
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 4.671
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -0.177
Old Testament (Geneva) -1.441
New Testament (Tyndale) -1.447
Old Testament (AKJV) -3.527
New Testament (AKJV) -3.725
Diversity: 0.946
Evenness: 0.969
Book Prominence
Acts (Geneva) 13.263
1 Kings (AKJV) 6.62
Acts (ODRV) 6.192
1 Kings (Geneva) 3.257
Numbers (Douay-Rheims) 3.234
2 Samuel (Geneva) 3.224
Daniel (Geneva) 3.151
1 Thessalonians (ODRV) 3.147
2 Timothy (Geneva) 3.071
Colossians (ODRV) 3.043
Philippians (Tyndale) 3.017
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 3.014
Acts (Tyndale) 2.924
Exodus (AKJV) 2.875
2 Timothy (AKJV) 2.849
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 2.74
Acts (AKJV) 2.612
Proverbs (Geneva) 2.5
John (AKJV) 2.288
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 2.247
Matthew (ODRV) 2.09
Proverbs (AKJV) 2.04
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 1.921
Psalms (AKJV) 0.882
Diversity: 0.961
Evenness: 0.977
Chapter Prominence
Acts 7 (Geneva) 10.765
1 Kings 4 (AKJV) 5.397
Acts 7 (ODRV) 5.347
2 Samuel 8 (Geneva) 2.702
Daniel 1 (Geneva) 2.699
Exodus 36 (AKJV) 2.699
1 Kings 4 (Geneva) 2.698
Deuteronomy 34 (Douay-Rheims) 2.697
Acts 12 (Tyndale) 2.694
Acts 6 (Tyndale) 2.693
Acts 7 (Tyndale) 2.692
Numbers 12 (Douay-Rheims) 2.69
Exodus 19 (AKJV) 2.684
Psalms 111 (AKJV) 2.683
Exodus 12 (AKJV) 2.678
Ecclesiasticus 21 (Douay-Rheims) 2.675
Proverbs 23 (Geneva) 2.67
Acts 7 (AKJV) 2.661
Proverbs 17 (AKJV) 2.65
John 10 (AKJV) 2.646
Matthew 26 (ODRV) 2.631
Colossians 2 (ODRV) 2.628
1 Corinthians 13 (Geneva) 2.627
2 Timothy 2 (Geneva) 2.626
Philippians 1 (Tyndale) 2.602
1 Thessalonians 5 (ODRV) 2.589
2 Timothy 4 (Geneva) 2.589
1 Corinthians 12 (AKJV) 2.585
Philippians 3 (Tyndale) 2.572
2 Timothy 2 (AKJV) 2.546
1 Corinthians 10 (Geneva) 2.536
1 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 2.429
Diversity: 0.964
Evenness: 0.978
Verse Prominence
Acts 7.22 (Geneva) 10.24
1 Kings 4.33 (AKJV) 5.125
Acts 7.22 (ODRV) 5.114
John 10.31 (AKJV) 2.563
Matthew 26.61 (ODRV) 2.563
Acts 7.39 (ODRV) 2.563
Proverbs 23.15 (Geneva) 2.563
Deuteronomy 34.12 (Douay-Rheims) 2.563
Exodus 36.1 (AKJV) 2.563
1 Kings 4.33 (Geneva) 2.563
2 Samuel 8.11 (Geneva) 2.563
Acts 12.23 (Tyndale) 2.563
Exodus 19.20 (AKJV) 2.563
Acts 6.11 (Tyndale) 2.562
Acts 7.51 (ODRV) 2.562
Daniel 1.17 (Geneva) 2.562
Exodus 12.35 (AKJV) 2.562
1 Corinthians 13.1 (Geneva) 2.562
Proverbs 17.21 (AKJV) 2.561
Acts 7.22 (Tyndale) 2.561
1 Corinthians 10.19 (AKJV) 2.56
1 Corinthians 10.19 (Geneva) 2.56
Numbers 12.3 (Douay-Rheims) 2.558
1 Thessalonians 5.21 (ODRV) 2.556
Acts 7.48 (AKJV) 2.555
Psalms 111.2 (AKJV) 2.555
2 Timothy 2.15 (AKJV) 2.554
1 Corinthians 12.31 (AKJV) 2.553
2 Timothy 2.15 (Geneva) 2.552
2 Timothy 4.6 (Geneva) 2.548
Colossians 2.8 (ODRV) 2.546
Ecclesiasticus 21.13 (Douay-Rheims) 2.546
Philippians 3.8 (Tyndale) 2.53
Philippians 1.23 (Tyndale) 2.514
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.949
Evenness: 0.99
Book Prominence
Numbers 7.298
Proverbs 5.748
Titus 3.187
Daniel 3.015
Colossians 2.941
1 Kings 2.931
2 Timothy 2.814
2 Samuel 2.749
Galatians 2.521
Exodus 2.239
Deuteronomy 2.221
Job 2.098
Genesis 1.89
Hebrews 1.564
Acts 1.335
John 1.278
Luke 1.246
1 Corinthians 1.132
Isaiah 1.057
Romans 0.617
Psalms -0.686
Diversity: 0.975
Evenness: 0.995
Chapter Prominence
Numbers 12 4.604
Proverbs 4 4.559
2 Samuel 8 2.31
Exodus 31 2.309
Daniel 1 2.303
Numbers 27 2.296
1 Kings 4 2.295
Isaiah 19 2.283
Exodus 10 2.283
Job 28 2.282
Psalms 111 2.277
Genesis 12 2.275
Deuteronomy 34 2.275
Acts 22 2.26
Psalms 58 2.249
Isaiah 10 2.245
Exodus 18 2.238
Deuteronomy 6 2.237
Deuteronomy 33 2.236
2 Samuel 12 2.215
Acts 12 2.203
Hebrews 3 2.201
Acts 23 2.2
1 Corinthians 8 2.198
John 7 2.192
Luke 24 2.184
Proverbs 23 2.179
Genesis 4 2.171
Luke 11 2.168
Acts 7 2.167
1 Corinthians 4 2.164
Acts 1 2.162
Galatians 3 2.14
Titus 1 2.139
Colossians 2 2.09
Deuteronomy 32 2.06
2 Timothy 2 2.055
Acts 17 2.009
1 Corinthians 11 1.923
Romans 1 1.905
1 Corinthians 15 1.882
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Proverbs 4.1 3.505
Numbers 12.8 3.497
Proverbs 23.15 1.754
Exodus 31.5 1.754
2 Samuel 8.11 1.754
Exodus 10.9 1.754
Numbers 27.15 1.754
Isaiah 19.12 1.753
Genesis 12.10 1.753
Exodus 31.4 1.753
Luke 24.19 1.753
Isaiah 19.13 1.752
Daniel 1.17 1.752
Exodus 31.3 1.752
2 Samuel 12.30 1.752
Deuteronomy 33.2 1.752
Exodus 10.26 1.752
Isaiah 19.11 1.751
Exodus 31.6 1.751
Luke 11.22 1.751
Galatians 3.25 1.751
Exodus 18.13 1.751
Isaiah 10.7 1.75
Numbers 27.16 1.75
Genesis 4.20 1.749
Genesis 4.22 1.749
1 Kings 4.33 1.749
2 Timothy 2.8 1.749
Numbers 12.6 1.749
Numbers 27.17 1.749
Deuteronomy 34.1 1.749
Numbers 12.7 1.748
Acts 1.1 1.748
Deuteronomy 32.49 1.748
1 Corinthians 11.14 1.748
Isaiah 19.14 1.747
Genesis 4.21 1.747
Psalms 111.2 1.747
1 Corinthians 15.33 1.746
Romans 1.19 1.746
Acts 17.32 1.746
Isaiah 10.6 1.745
Hebrews 3.5 1.744
Deuteronomy 34.5 1.744
Acts 7.22 1.742
1 Corinthians 4.15 1.742
Deuteronomy 6.7 1.741
Job 28.28 1.74
Colossians 2.8 1.74
John 7.48 1.739
Acts 22.3 1.738
Titus 1.12 1.736
1 Corinthians 8.1 1.717
Acts 17.28 1.708
Romans 1.20 1.685
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase