Oaths

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 3
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 4.1% 2.2%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 2.5% 2.2%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 90.9% 97.8%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.3% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 7.1% 2.2%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 2.4% 2.2%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.918
Evenness: 0.99
Part Prominence
New Testament (Vulgate) 9.34
Apocrypha (ODRV) 5.709
Old Testament (Vulgate) 5.397
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 3.48
Apocrypha (AKJV) 2.422
Old Testament (ODRV) 0.791
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -1.367
Old Testament (Geneva) -2.632
New Testament (Tyndale) -2.638
New Testament (Geneva) -3.802
New Testament (ODRV) -3.89
Old Testament (AKJV) -4.717
New Testament (AKJV) -4.916
Diversity: 0.97
Evenness: 0.963
Book Prominence
Hebrews (AKJV) 9.685
Leviticus (Douay-Rheims) 4.397
Hebrews (Vulgate) 2.99
Zechariah (Douay-Rheims) 2.922
James (ODRV) 2.64
Proverbs (Geneva) 2.129
Matthew (ODRV) 1.719
Proverbs (AKJV) 1.668
Exodus (Vulgate) 1.52
Baruch (ODRV) 1.429
Zechariah (Geneva) 1.394
Joshua (AKJV) 1.384
Mark (Tyndale) 1.38
Zechariah (AKJV) 1.306
Colossians (Tyndale) 1.28
2 Peter (Tyndale) 1.272
Numbers (AKJV) 1.259
Leviticus (AKJV) 1.248
2 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.205
2 Chronicles (AKJV) 1.198
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 1.147
James (Geneva) 1.136
Deuteronomy (Douay-Rheims) 1.104
1 Timothy (ODRV) 1.028
Genesis (ODRV) 0.997
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 0.967
Genesis (Geneva) 0.951
Galatians (ODRV) 0.948
Ecclesiasticus (AKJV) 0.927
James (AKJV) 0.906
Jeremiah (AKJV) 0.887
Galatians (AKJV) 0.878
Acts (ODRV) 0.834
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.83
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.807
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.801
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.772
Ecclesiastes (AKJV) 0.724
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 0.711
John (Tyndale) 0.702
Luke (Geneva) 0.683
Genesis (AKJV) 0.65
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.639
Luke (ODRV) 0.602
John (ODRV) 0.49
Matthew (Geneva) 0.368
Romans (Geneva) 0.144
Matthew (AKJV) 0.059
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.012
Psalms (Geneva) -0.137
Psalms (AKJV) -1.028
Diversity: 0.979
Evenness: 0.971
Chapter Prominence
Hebrews 6 (AKJV) 8.138
Leviticus 5 (Douay-Rheims) 3.524
Zechariah 5 (Douay-Rheims) 2.347
Hebrews 6 (Vulgate) 2.347
Proverbs 30 (Geneva) 2.336
James 5 (ODRV) 2.321
Psalms 12 (AKJV) 2.313
Proverbs 20 (AKJV) 2.271
Psalms 144 (AKJV) 2.257
Matthew 5 (ODRV) 2.144
Exodus 20 (Vulgate) 1.175
Joshua 11 (AKJV) 1.174
Leviticus 6 (AKJV) 1.174
2 Kings 21 (Douay-Rheims) 1.173
Leviticus 17 (Douay-Rheims) 1.173
Zechariah 5 (AKJV) 1.173
Numbers 30 (AKJV) 1.17
Zechariah 5 (Geneva) 1.17
Genesis 22 (ODRV) 1.17
Mark 14 (Tyndale) 1.169
Genesis 14 (ODRV) 1.168
Proverbs 29 (Douay-Rheims) 1.167
Ecclesiasticus 26 (Douay-Rheims) 1.167
Leviticus 19 (Douay-Rheims) 1.163
Genesis 26 (Geneva) 1.163
Ecclesiasticus 23 (AKJV) 1.161
Ecclesiasticus 23 (Douay-Rheims) 1.16
Genesis 26 (AKJV) 1.157
Deuteronomy 6 (AKJV) 1.154
Psalms 15 (AKJV) 1.152
Psalms 15 (Geneva) 1.152
Baruch 6 (ODRV) 1.15
Psalms 91 (Geneva) 1.148
Luke 18 (Geneva) 1.147
Acts 4 (ODRV) 1.145
Deuteronomy 5 (Geneva) 1.142
Jeremiah 23 (AKJV) 1.139
Hebrews 6 (ODRV) 1.139
Hebrews 6 (Geneva) 1.138
Ecclesiastes 5 (AKJV) 1.135
Deuteronomy 5 (Douay-Rheims) 1.133
1 Corinthians 8 (AKJV) 1.132
James 5 (Geneva) 1.128
Deuteronomy 5 (AKJV) 1.125
John 11 (Tyndale) 1.122
Colossians 1 (Tyndale) 1.12
Ecclesiastes 10 (AKJV) 1.12
Leviticus 19 (AKJV) 1.118
2 Chronicles 19 (AKJV) 1.118
1 Timothy 1 (ODRV) 1.113
Matthew 26 (AKJV) 1.113
Galatians 1 (ODRV) 1.111
Proverbs 25 (AKJV) 1.111
Proverbs 18 (AKJV) 1.108
Luke 18 (ODRV) 1.108
2 Peter 3 (Tyndale) 1.105
Hebrews 4 (AKJV) 1.099
James 5 (AKJV) 1.093
2 Corinthians 1 (AKJV) 1.092
John 8 (ODRV) 1.09
Matthew 16 (AKJV) 1.088
Matthew 16 (Geneva) 1.087
Matthew 23 (AKJV) 1.078
Galatians 3 (AKJV) 1.075
Matthew 23 (Geneva) 1.066
Matthew 5 (Geneva) 1.042
Hebrews 13 (AKJV) 1.02
2 Corinthians 5 (ODRV) 0.962
Romans 13 (Geneva) 0.912
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.977
Verse Prominence
Hebrews 6.16 (AKJV) 6.779
Leviticus 5.1 (Douay-Rheims) 2.91
Hebrews 6.16 (Vulgate) 1.941
Proverbs 30.9 (Geneva) 1.94
Matthew 5.34 (ODRV) 1.938
Zechariah 5.4 (Douay-Rheims) 1.938
James 5.12 (ODRV) 1.937
Psalms 144.8 (AKJV) 1.934
Proverbs 20.25 (AKJV) 1.933
Psalms 12.1 (AKJV) 1.928
Genesis 26.31 (Geneva) 0.971
Genesis 26.31 (AKJV) 0.971
Ecclesiasticus 23.11 (AKJV) 0.97
Hebrews 6.17 (ODRV) 0.97
Matthew 23.22 (AKJV) 0.97
2 Kings 21.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.97
Matthew 26.63 (AKJV) 0.97
Leviticus 17.16 (Douay-Rheims) 0.97
Mark 14.61 (Tyndale) 0.97
Exodus 20.7 (Vulgate) 0.97
Leviticus 6.5 (AKJV) 0.97
Zechariah 5.3 (AKJV) 0.97
Ecclesiasticus 23.13 (Douay-Rheims) 0.97
Ecclesiasticus 23.14 (Douay-Rheims) 0.97
Ecclesiasticus 23.12 (AKJV) 0.97
Ecclesiasticus 23.16 (Douay-Rheims) 0.97
Genesis 22.16 (ODRV) 0.97
Galatians 3.6 (AKJV) 0.97
Hebrews 4.5 (AKJV) 0.97
Joshua 11.20 (AKJV) 0.969
Proverbs 29.24 (Douay-Rheims) 0.969
Numbers 30.5 (AKJV) 0.969
Numbers 30.8 (AKJV) 0.969
Joshua 11.19 (AKJV) 0.969
2 Kings 21.1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.969
Matthew 23.21 (AKJV) 0.969
Numbers 30.14 (AKJV) 0.969
Ecclesiasticus 23.9 (AKJV) 0.969
Hebrews 6.13 (Geneva) 0.969
John 11.27 (Tyndale) 0.969
Ecclesiasticus 23.9 (Douay-Rheims) 0.969
Matthew 5.27 (Geneva) 0.969
Zechariah 5.4 (Geneva) 0.969
Proverbs 25.18 (AKJV) 0.969
Baruch 6.39 (ODRV) 0.969
Hebrews 6.12 (Geneva) 0.969
Hebrews 6.13 (ODRV) 0.969
Hebrews 6.16 (ODRV) 0.968
Galatians 1.20 (ODRV) 0.968
Numbers 30.2 (AKJV) 0.968
Deuteronomy 5.11 (Geneva) 0.968
Matthew 16.25 (Geneva) 0.967
Matthew 23.22 (Geneva) 0.967
1 Timothy 1.7 (ODRV) 0.967
Matthew 5.33 (Geneva) 0.967
Leviticus 19.12 (Douay-Rheims) 0.967
Deuteronomy 6.13 (AKJV) 0.966
Colossians 1.5 (Tyndale) 0.966
Hebrews 6.17 (AKJV) 0.966
Deuteronomy 5.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.966
Psalms 91.6 (Geneva) 0.966
Ecclesiasticus 26.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.966
John 8.15 (ODRV) 0.966
Matthew 16.25 (AKJV) 0.965
Genesis 14.22 (ODRV) 0.965
Leviticus 19.12 (AKJV) 0.965
Ecclesiastes 10.16 (AKJV) 0.965
Luke 18.8 (Geneva) 0.964
1 Corinthians 8.9 (AKJV) 0.964
Ecclesiastes 5.2 (AKJV) 0.964
Jeremiah 23.10 (AKJV) 0.962
Matthew 5.37 (Geneva) 0.962
Luke 18.30 (ODRV) 0.962
James 5.12 (AKJV) 0.961
2 Corinthians 1.18 (AKJV) 0.961
Proverbs 18.10 (AKJV) 0.96
Acts 4.12 (ODRV) 0.96
2 Corinthians 5.12 (ODRV) 0.959
Deuteronomy 5.11 (AKJV) 0.958
James 5.12 (Geneva) 0.957
Hebrews 13.4 (AKJV) 0.957
Psalms 15.2 (Geneva) 0.956
Psalms 15.1 (AKJV) 0.955
2 Peter 3.18 (Tyndale) 0.944
2 Chronicles 19.6 (AKJV) 0.927
Romans 13.5 (Geneva) 0.905
Romans 13.1 (Geneva) 0.827
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.964
Evenness: 0.996
Book Prominence
Zechariah 5.649
Joshua 2.455
Malachi 2.427
Leviticus 2.347
1 Thessalonians 2.146
2 Chronicles 2.08
Mark 2.051
Daniel 2.001
Numbers 1.935
1 Kings 1.917
James 1.805
2 Samuel 1.735
Philippians 1.551
Galatians 1.507
Ecclesiastes 1.386
1 Peter 1.325
Exodus 1.225
Deuteronomy 1.207
Jeremiah 1.094
Revelation 1.056
2 Corinthians 0.937
Genesis 0.875
Hebrews 0.55
Proverbs 0.386
Acts 0.321
Luke 0.232
Romans -0.398
Matthew -0.496
Psalms -1.701
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Zechariah 5 3.466
Matthew 5 3.009
Joshua 11 1.747
Joshua 14 1.746
Leviticus 6 1.745
Jeremiah 21 1.743
Leviticus 5 1.741
Numbers 30 1.734
Deuteronomy 20 1.73
Genesis 26 1.721
Genesis 47 1.715
Revelation 10 1.709
Deuteronomy 23 1.705
Genesis 14 1.701
2 Samuel 21 1.699
Mark 14 1.692
Genesis 31 1.687
Exodus 23 1.686
Jeremiah 4 1.678
1 Kings 8 1.676
Psalms 15 1.674
2 Chronicles 19 1.672
Psalms 144 1.671
1 Thessalonians 2 1.669
Deuteronomy 6 1.666
Ecclesiastes 2 1.663
Genesis 22 1.66
Proverbs 18 1.66
Proverbs 25 1.652
Proverbs 20 1.638
Exodus 22 1.636
Hebrews 3 1.63
Daniel 12 1.628
Psalms 12 1.625
Proverbs 30 1.621
Genesis 18 1.62
Luke 18 1.617
Galatians 1 1.573
2 Corinthians 1 1.573
Ecclesiastes 10 1.572
James 5 1.568
Proverbs 10 1.559
Acts 4 1.555
Ecclesiastes 8 1.539
Romans 3 1.529
Malachi 3 1.527
Matthew 16 1.517
Matthew 23 1.508
Hebrews 6 1.498
Deuteronomy 32 1.489
Philippians 1 1.485
Matthew 26 1.484
Romans 1 1.334
1 Peter 2 1.302
Romans 13 1.177
Diversity: 0.981
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Matthew 5.33 3.562
Zechariah 5.4 3.556
Exodus 23.28 1.785
Genesis 31.54 1.785
1 Kings 8.31 1.785
Joshua 14.9 1.785
2 Samuel 21.7 1.784
Leviticus 6.2 1.784
Deuteronomy 20.17 1.784
Genesis 26.31 1.783
Mark 14.61 1.783
Joshua 11.19 1.783
Numbers 30.14 1.783
Matthew 26.63 1.782
Exodus 22.11 1.782
Philippians 1.8 1.782
1 Thessalonians 2.5 1.782
Genesis 14.22 1.782
Deuteronomy 32.40 1.782
Psalms 144.8 1.782
Matthew 23.21 1.782
Deuteronomy 23.21 1.782
Jeremiah 21.12 1.781
2 Corinthians 1.18 1.781
Galatians 1.20 1.78
Proverbs 25.18 1.78
Daniel 12.7 1.78
Proverbs 20.25 1.779
Genesis 22.16 1.778
Leviticus 5.1 1.778
Malachi 3.9 1.778
Romans 1.9 1.777
Matthew 5.34 1.776
James 5.12 1.775
Jeremiah 4.2 1.775
Revelation 10.6 1.775
Proverbs 30.9 1.774
Proverbs 10.9 1.773
Proverbs 18.10 1.773
Numbers 30.2 1.771
Luke 18.8 1.77
Psalms 15.4 1.77
2 Samuel 21.1 1.77
Deuteronomy 6.13 1.769
Hebrews 6.16 1.765
Matthew 23.23 1.763
Ecclesiastes 10.16 1.762
Genesis 18.25 1.761
Hebrews 6.18 1.756
Romans 3.8 1.755
2 Chronicles 19.6 1.751
Ecclesiastes 8.2 1.744
1 Peter 2.13 1.674
Romans 13.1 1.53
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase