Religion

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 2
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 3.4% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 1.4% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 83.1% 93.8%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.2% 6.2%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 10.1% 6.2%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 4.9% 6.2%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text -inf% 6.2%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.88
Evenness: 0.938
Part Prominence
New Testament (Geneva) 7.237
New Testament (AKJV) 6.123
New Testament (Vulgate) 4.145
Old Testament (Vulgate) 2.8
New Testament (ODRV) 2.604
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 0.883
Old Testament (Geneva) -0.684
New Testament (Tyndale) -0.69
Old Testament (ODRV) -1.807
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -3.964
Old Testament (AKJV) -7.315
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.956
Book Prominence
Acts (AKJV) 5.768
Acts (Geneva) 3.244
Isaiah (AKJV) 2.474
Romans (Geneva) 2.379
2 Peter (Geneva) 2.377
Exodus (AKJV) 2.257
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 2.092
Philippians (ODRV) 2.082
Romans (AKJV) 2.082
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 2.064
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 1.931
John (Vulgate) 1.694
1 Timothy (Tyndale) 1.625
Galatians (Geneva) 1.416
1 Peter (Tyndale) 1.378
Acts (ODRV) 1.183
Hebrews (Geneva) 1.149
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.995
Romans (Tyndale) 0.968
Jonah (AKJV) 0.829
Jonah (ODRV) 0.816
Titus (Tyndale) 0.809
Psalms (Vulgate) 0.802
Mark (Geneva) 0.755
Romans (Vulgate) 0.725
Leviticus (AKJV) 0.653
2 Timothy (ODRV) 0.651
Ezekiel (Douay-Rheims) 0.618
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 0.552
Galatians (Tyndale) 0.538
Exodus (Geneva) 0.521
Ephesians (Tyndale) 0.507
1 John (Tyndale) 0.501
1 Peter (ODRV) 0.5
2 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.498
1 John (Geneva) 0.495
1 Timothy (ODRV) 0.433
Colossians (AKJV) 0.418
1 Peter (Geneva) 0.376
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 0.372
Galatians (ODRV) 0.353
1 John (AKJV) 0.352
2 Timothy (AKJV) 0.344
Ephesians (ODRV) 0.315
James (AKJV) 0.31
Jeremiah (AKJV) 0.292
Galatians (AKJV) 0.283
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.235
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.212
Ephesians (Geneva) 0.161
1 Peter (AKJV) 0.154
John (Tyndale) 0.107
John (Geneva) 0.086
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.081
Genesis (AKJV) 0.055
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.054
Luke (ODRV) 0.007
Proverbs (Geneva) -0.005
John (ODRV) -0.105
Hebrews (AKJV) -0.14
1 Corinthians (ODRV) -0.2
Romans (ODRV) -0.208
John (AKJV) -0.217
Proverbs (AKJV) -0.465
1 Corinthians (AKJV) -0.583
Psalms (AKJV) -0.679
Psalms (Geneva) -0.732
Diversity: 0.987
Evenness: 0.967
Chapter Prominence
Acts 4 (AKJV) 4.574
Isaiah 53 (AKJV) 2.605
Acts 4 (Geneva) 2.603
Romans 4 (Geneva) 2.58
Romans 4 (AKJV) 2.562
Exodus 3 (AKJV) 1.968
Romans 3 (ODRV) 1.879
2 Corinthians 5 (Geneva) 1.868
2 Peter 3 (Geneva) 1.84
2 Corinthians 5 (AKJV) 1.827
Philippians 2 (ODRV) 1.79
2 Corinthians 5 (ODRV) 1.773
John 19 (Vulgate) 1.322
Acts 4 (ODRV) 1.293
Romans 4 (Tyndale) 1.274
Romans 7 (Geneva) 1.271
Ephesians 1 (Geneva) 1.27
Isaiah 40 (Geneva) 1.268
1 Timothy 2 (Tyndale) 1.265
Galatians 3 (Geneva) 1.243
Hebrews 11 (Geneva) 1.22
1 Peter 1 (Tyndale) 1.218
Psalms 118 (AKJV) 1.199
Romans 3 (Vulgate) 0.657
Deuteronomy 15 (Geneva) 0.657
Leviticus 16 (AKJV) 0.654
Mark 3 (Geneva) 0.654
Psalms 106 (Vulgate) 0.653
Deuteronomy 28 (Geneva) 0.653
Deuteronomy 11 (Geneva) 0.652
Exodus 3 (Geneva) 0.647
Ecclesiasticus 23 (Douay-Rheims) 0.646
Isaiah 9 (Douay-Rheims) 0.642
Jonah 1 (AKJV) 0.642
Titus 3 (Tyndale) 0.641
Ezekiel 16 (Douay-Rheims) 0.641
Titus 2 (Tyndale) 0.639
Deuteronomy 28 (AKJV) 0.638
2 Timothy 1 (ODRV) 0.636
Jeremiah 31 (AKJV) 0.633
Psalms 33 (Geneva) 0.632
Genesis 15 (AKJV) 0.63
Psalms 9 (Geneva) 0.627
Leviticus 26 (AKJV) 0.627
1 Corinthians 4 (ODRV) 0.625
Isaiah 53 (Douay-Rheims) 0.622
Galatians 2 (AKJV) 0.622
Proverbs 28 (Geneva) 0.622
Jonah 1 (ODRV) 0.62
2 Corinthians 1 (Geneva) 0.617
John 19 (AKJV) 0.616
John 4 (Geneva) 0.616
Romans 4 (ODRV) 0.615
John 19 (ODRV) 0.615
John 4 (ODRV) 0.615
Hebrews 10 (ODRV) 0.611
Proverbs 10 (Geneva) 0.61
2 Timothy 1 (AKJV) 0.609
Galatians 2 (Tyndale) 0.609
Proverbs 21 (AKJV) 0.603
Ephesians 3 (Geneva) 0.601
1 John 2 (Geneva) 0.596
Luke 18 (ODRV) 0.594
Psalms 18 (AKJV) 0.591
Ephesians 2 (ODRV) 0.588
Ephesians 4 (Tyndale) 0.588
Proverbs 28 (AKJV) 0.588
Romans 15 (AKJV) 0.587
John 16 (AKJV) 0.586
Romans 3 (Geneva) 0.585
Romans 3 (Tyndale) 0.584
1 Peter 3 (Geneva) 0.584
2 Corinthians 5 (Tyndale) 0.579
Hebrews 11 (ODRV) 0.576
James 4 (AKJV) 0.575
Ephesians 6 (AKJV) 0.574
Proverbs 4 (AKJV) 0.574
1 Timothy 2 (ODRV) 0.568
1 John 3 (Tyndale) 0.566
Psalms 44 (AKJV) 0.564
Romans 10 (AKJV) 0.561
Galatians 5 (ODRV) 0.561
Galatians 3 (AKJV) 0.56
John 6 (Tyndale) 0.559
John 1 (Tyndale) 0.556
1 John 4 (AKJV) 0.556
Romans 1 (Geneva) 0.553
1 John 2 (AKJV) 0.553
Romans 1 (AKJV) 0.55
1 Peter 2 (ODRV) 0.55
John 1 (ODRV) 0.545
Ephesians 2 (AKJV) 0.541
1 John 4 (Tyndale) 0.539
Romans 3 (AKJV) 0.537
Colossians 1 (AKJV) 0.537
Proverbs 14 (AKJV) 0.536
1 Corinthians 3 (AKJV) 0.533
John 6 (ODRV) 0.53
Psalms 106 (AKJV) 0.524
1 Peter 1 (AKJV) 0.52
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 0.506
1 Peter 5 (AKJV) 0.497
1 John 3 (AKJV) 0.493
Romans 12 (AKJV) 0.486
Hebrews 10 (AKJV) 0.481
Romans 8 (Geneva) 0.473
Hebrews 11 (AKJV) 0.46
Romans 8 (AKJV) 0.327
Diversity: 0.989
Evenness: 0.966
Verse Prominence
Acts 4.12 (AKJV) 3.545
Romans 4.5 (AKJV) 3.052
Isaiah 53.11 (AKJV) 2.036
Acts 4.12 (Geneva) 2.027
Romans 4.22 (AKJV) 2.021
Romans 4.22 (Geneva) 2.021
Acts 4.11 (AKJV) 1.529
Romans 4.9 (ODRV) 1.528
Romans 4.22 (Tyndale) 1.528
Romans 4.3 (AKJV) 1.528
Romans 4.3 (Geneva) 1.527
Exodus 3.14 (AKJV) 1.526
John 1.36 (ODRV) 1.525
2 Corinthians 5.20 (Geneva) 1.514
2 Corinthians 5.22 (ODRV) 1.513
2 Corinthians 5.21 (AKJV) 1.51
Romans 3.28 (ODRV) 1.503
2 Peter 3.8 (Geneva) 1.467
Philippians 2.8 (ODRV) 1.428
John 19.30 (Vulgate) 1.02
Isaiah 40.2 (Geneva) 1.019
Galatians 3.6 (Geneva) 1.019
Romans 4.9 (Geneva) 1.019
Romans 7.9 (Geneva) 1.017
Romans 4.5 (Tyndale) 1.015
Ephesians 1.14 (Geneva) 1.013
Acts 4.12 (ODRV) 1.009
Psalms 118.22 (AKJV) 1.009
1 Timothy 2.3 (Tyndale) 1.009
1 Peter 1.19 (Tyndale) 1.006
Hebrews 11.1 (Geneva) 0.988
1 John 3.22 (AKJV) 0.51
Leviticus 16.34 (AKJV) 0.51
Ecclesiasticus 23.29 (Douay-Rheims) 0.51
Deuteronomy 28.6 (AKJV) 0.51
Deuteronomy 28.2 (AKJV) 0.51
Proverbs 21.5 (AKJV) 0.51
Ephesians 2.16 (ODRV) 0.509
Acts 4.11 (Geneva) 0.509
Deuteronomy 11.22 (Geneva) 0.509
Galatians 5.3 (ODRV) 0.509
John 4.15 (ODRV) 0.509
Romans 3.28 (Vulgate) 0.509
Psalms 33.12 (Geneva) 0.509
Deuteronomy 28.4 (Geneva) 0.509
Deuteronomy 28.3 (AKJV) 0.509
Deuteronomy 15.5 (Geneva) 0.509
Leviticus 26.6 (AKJV) 0.509
Romans 4.22 (ODRV) 0.508
2 Corinthians 5.20 (Tyndale) 0.508
Romans 3.28 (Geneva) 0.508
1 John 3.22 (Tyndale) 0.508
Romans 4.3 (Tyndale) 0.508
Genesis 15.6 (AKJV) 0.508
Psalms 18.30 (AKJV) 0.508
Exodus 3.14 (Geneva) 0.508
Deuteronomy 28.5 (AKJV) 0.508
John 6.49 (ODRV) 0.507
Romans 3.12 (Geneva) 0.507
2 Timothy 1.9 (AKJV) 0.507
John 19.34 (ODRV) 0.507
Colossians 1.20 (AKJV) 0.507
Psalms 44.5 (AKJV) 0.507
John 6.29 (ODRV) 0.507
John 6.48 (Tyndale) 0.507
Ezekiel 16.6 (Douay-Rheims) 0.507
Romans 3.20 (Geneva) 0.507
Ephesians 4.30 (Tyndale) 0.507
Hebrews 10.15 (AKJV) 0.507
John 4.7 (Geneva) 0.507
1 Peter 3.13 (Geneva) 0.507
Jonah 1.11 (AKJV) 0.507
2 Timothy 1.9 (ODRV) 0.506
Romans 4.5 (Geneva) 0.506
Psalms 106.31 (AKJV) 0.506
Ephesians 4.18 (Tyndale) 0.506
Psalms 9.8 (Geneva) 0.506
Romans 15.4 (AKJV) 0.506
Jeremiah 31.3 (AKJV) 0.505
Romans 8.27 (Geneva) 0.505
Galatians 3.11 (Geneva) 0.505
Romans 10.4 (AKJV) 0.505
2 Timothy 1.10 (AKJV) 0.505
Titus 3.7 (Tyndale) 0.505
2 Corinthians 1.10 (Geneva) 0.505
1 John 4.10 (AKJV) 0.505
Hebrews 10.15 (ODRV) 0.505
Titus 2.12 (Tyndale) 0.505
Mark 3.24 (Geneva) 0.505
Psalms 106.10 (Vulgate) 0.504
John 1.29 (ODRV) 0.504
Hebrews 11.4 (ODRV) 0.504
Galatians 2.16 (AKJV) 0.504
Isaiah 9.2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.504
Proverbs 4.8 (AKJV) 0.504
Ephesians 6.16 (AKJV) 0.503
Proverbs 10.4 (Geneva) 0.503
John 16.21 (AKJV) 0.502
1 Corinthians 3.11 (AKJV) 0.502
Galatians 2.16 (Tyndale) 0.502
Romans 3.28 (Tyndale) 0.502
Romans 1.17 (AKJV) 0.501
Luke 18.30 (ODRV) 0.501
Romans 15.2 (AKJV) 0.501
Romans 3.29 (AKJV) 0.5
Jonah 1.15 (ODRV) 0.5
1 John 4.16 (Tyndale) 0.499
Romans 8.30 (AKJV) 0.499
Psalms 106.30 (AKJV) 0.498
Romans 4.4 (AKJV) 0.498
Proverbs 4.9 (AKJV) 0.498
Romans 3.23 (AKJV) 0.497
John 1.29 (Tyndale) 0.497
Romans 10.15 (AKJV) 0.497
1 Corinthians 4.1 (ODRV) 0.497
Romans 1.17 (Geneva) 0.496
John 19.34 (AKJV) 0.496
Hebrews 11.6 (AKJV) 0.495
Isaiah 53.5 (Douay-Rheims) 0.494
Proverbs 28.1 (Geneva) 0.494
1 Peter 2.24 (ODRV) 0.493
1 Timothy 2.3 (ODRV) 0.493
1 John 2.2 (Geneva) 0.492
James 4.1 (AKJV) 0.492
Romans 12.18 (AKJV) 0.49
2 Corinthians 5.20 (AKJV) 0.489
1 Peter 1.19 (AKJV) 0.489
Ephesians 3.17 (Geneva) 0.489
1 John 2.2 (AKJV) 0.488
Galatians 3.13 (AKJV) 0.488
Proverbs 28.1 (AKJV) 0.483
Ephesians 2.8 (AKJV) 0.48
1 Peter 2.14 (Tyndale) 0.478
Proverbs 14.34 (AKJV) 0.477
1 Peter 5.11 (AKJV) 0.424
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.948
Evenness: 0.994
Book Prominence
Exodus 7.415
Leviticus 3.776
1 Thessalonians 3.575
2 Peter 3.373
1 Kings 3.345
1 John 3.308
2 Samuel 3.163
Ezekiel 3.133
1 Samuel 3.044
1 Timothy 2.964
1 Peter 2.754
Deuteronomy 2.635
Jeremiah 2.523
2 Corinthians 2.366
Hebrews 1.978
Proverbs 1.814
Isaiah 1.471
Romans 1.031
Matthew 0.933
Psalms -0.272
Diversity: 0.968
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Exodus 3 5.97
Isaiah 4 2.983
1 Kings 20 2.982
1 Samuel 13 2.978
2 Samuel 7 2.966
Leviticus 26 2.939
Proverbs 4 2.938
Deuteronomy 28 2.929
Proverbs 21 2.924
Jeremiah 31 2.908
Proverbs 28 2.896
Isaiah 40 2.893
Psalms 106 2.881
Ezekiel 16 2.881
Romans 15 2.877
1 John 4 2.876
Isaiah 53 2.869
Romans 4 2.857
Proverbs 14 2.845
Romans 7 2.814
1 Timothy 5 2.811
2 Peter 3 2.797
1 Thessalonians 4 2.797
Matthew 7 2.702
Matthew 25 2.696
Romans 12 2.69
2 Corinthians 5 2.644
Hebrews 13 2.639
Romans 1 2.61
1 Peter 2 2.578
Romans 8 2.498
Romans 13 2.453
Diversity: 0.978
Evenness: 0.998
Verse Prominence
Exodus 3.14 4.156
1 Samuel 13.16 2.083
1 Kings 20.16 2.082
Proverbs 14.23 2.082
2 Samuel 7.23 2.081
Proverbs 14.6 2.081
Proverbs 14.4 2.081
Proverbs 21.17 2.081
Deuteronomy 28.25 2.081
Deuteronomy 28.11 2.081
Isaiah 4.1 2.08
Proverbs 4.8 2.08
Leviticus 26.3 2.08
Isaiah 4.2 2.079
Romans 8.12 2.079
Proverbs 14.10 2.079
Deuteronomy 28.13 2.079
1 Timothy 5.13 2.078
Proverbs 4.9 2.078
Hebrews 13.1 2.076
Deuteronomy 28.48 2.076
Isaiah 40.1 2.075
Isaiah 40.2 2.074
Ezekiel 16.6 2.074
Proverbs 14.21 2.074
Leviticus 26.25 2.074
Romans 7.9 2.073
Psalms 106.31 2.073
2 Peter 3.8 2.073
Matthew 25.46 2.072
Jeremiah 31.3 2.071
Romans 12.10 2.071
Proverbs 28.1 2.07
1 John 4.10 2.069
Romans 4.5 2.067
Romans 15.5 2.067
Matthew 7.21 2.066
Matthew 7.22 2.063
Romans 1.17 2.061
1 Thessalonians 4.11 2.061
Romans 13.7 2.052
Romans 12.11 2.05
Matthew 7.12 2.047
Romans 8.18 2.036
Psalms 106.30 2.033
1 Peter 2.14 2.03
Romans 13.4 1.972
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase