Strong, William, d. 1654

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 10.7% 2.2%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 7.5% 2.2%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 83.0% 97.8%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.2% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 13.3% 2.2%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 6.1% 2.2%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.875
Evenness: 0.939
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 16.49
Apocrypha (ODRV) 4.817
Old Testament (Geneva) 2.725
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 2.587
New Testament (ODRV) 1.468
New Testament (Vulgate) 1.304
Old Testament (ODRV) -0.102
New Testament (Tyndale) -3.531
New Testament (Geneva) -4.695
Old Testament (AKJV) -5.61
New Testament (AKJV) -5.808
Diversity: 0.979
Evenness: 0.984
Book Prominence
4 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 5.944
2 Kings (Geneva) 2.911
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 2.686
Philippians (Tyndale) 2.645
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 2.506
2 Corinthians (ODRV) 2.311
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 1.55
Philemon (ODRV) 1.527
Philemon (AKJV) 1.509
Colossians (Vulgate) 1.45
1 Maccabees (Douay-Rheims) 1.439
Wisdom (ODRV) 1.356
1 Kings (Geneva) 1.348
3 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.322
Zechariah (AKJV) 1.306
1 Samuel (Geneva) 1.3
Judges (AKJV) 1.293
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.285
2 Kings (AKJV) 1.284
1 Kings (AKJV) 1.262
1 Thessalonians (Geneva) 1.221
Hosea (AKJV) 1.208
2 Timothy (Geneva) 1.161
James (Geneva) 1.136
1 Samuel (AKJV) 1.135
Philippians (Geneva) 1.121
Exodus (Geneva) 1.116
Jeremiah (Geneva) 1.111
2 Corinthians (Tyndale) 1.093
Ecclesiastes (Geneva) 1.042
Genesis (ODRV) 0.997
Galatians (ODRV) 0.948
James (AKJV) 0.906
Acts (ODRV) 0.834
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.801
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.8
Philippians (AKJV) 0.765
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.719
Acts (AKJV) 0.703
John (Tyndale) 0.702
Genesis (AKJV) 0.65
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.647
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.639
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.516
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.455
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.395
Matthew (Geneva) 0.368
Luke (AKJV) 0.362
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.337
Isaiah (AKJV) 0.239
Matthew (ODRV) 0.181
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.13
Matthew (AKJV) 0.059
Psalms (Geneva) -0.137
Romans (AKJV) -0.153
Psalms (AKJV) -1.028
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.985
Chapter Prominence
4 Kings 2 (Douay-Rheims) 5.386
Deuteronomy 34 (Geneva) 2.695
2 Kings 2 (Geneva) 2.694
Deuteronomy 34 (AKJV) 2.685
2 Corinthians 11 (ODRV) 2.662
1 Corinthians 4 (AKJV) 2.63
Philippians 1 (Tyndale) 2.602
Isaiah 57 (AKJV) 2.53
1 Maccabees 13 (Douay-Rheims) 1.347
1 Samuel 7 (Geneva) 1.346
1 Kings 7 (Douay-Rheims) 1.346
Philemon 1 (ODRV) 1.346
Genesis 22 (ODRV) 1.345
Colossians 3 (Vulgate) 1.345
Wisdom 3 (ODRV) 1.344
2 Kings 12 (AKJV) 1.344
Judges 17 (AKJV) 1.341
Hosea 12 (AKJV) 1.341
3 Kings 22 (Douay-Rheims) 1.341
1 Kings 18 (AKJV) 1.34
Jeremiah 4 (Geneva) 1.339
1 Samuel 7 (AKJV) 1.338
2 Kings 2 (AKJV) 1.338
Genesis 50 (AKJV) 1.337
Exodus 33 (Geneva) 1.337
Philemon 1 (AKJV) 1.337
2 Corinthians 11 (Tyndale) 1.334
1 Kings 18 (Geneva) 1.333
2 Corinthians 2 (ODRV) 1.328
Zechariah 1 (AKJV) 1.325
1 Samuel 4 (AKJV) 1.324
Isaiah 58 (Geneva) 1.323
1 Corinthians 4 (Geneva) 1.318
Matthew 23 (Tyndale) 1.313
Genesis 6 (AKJV) 1.308
1 Samuel 12 (AKJV) 1.307
Acts 8 (AKJV) 1.305
Ecclesiastes 9 (Geneva) 1.305
Isaiah 30 (AKJV) 1.302
James 5 (Geneva) 1.302
Galatians 4 (ODRV) 1.3
1 Corinthians 1 (Tyndale) 1.299
Proverbs 17 (AKJV) 1.299
Acts 7 (ODRV) 1.293
2 Corinthians 11 (AKJV) 1.293
Matthew 23 (ODRV) 1.293
Luke 19 (AKJV) 1.291
Philippians 1 (Geneva) 1.29
Psalms 105 (AKJV) 1.287
2 Corinthians 11 (Geneva) 1.285
Psalms 104 (AKJV) 1.272
Matthew 24 (Geneva) 1.269
James 5 (AKJV) 1.267
Proverbs 23 (AKJV) 1.263
Psalms 116 (Geneva) 1.26
Romans 9 (AKJV) 1.259
Matthew 25 (AKJV) 1.255
Hebrews 13 (Geneva) 1.253
1 Thessalonians 5 (Geneva) 1.253
Philippians 1 (AKJV) 1.241
2 Timothy 4 (Geneva) 1.238
John 3 (Tyndale) 1.217
Hebrews 13 (AKJV) 1.195
1 Corinthians 15 (ODRV) 1.027
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.986
Verse Prominence
4 Kings 2.11 (Douay-Rheims) 4.806
2 Corinthians 11.11 (ODRV) 2.409
Philippians 1.25 (AKJV) 2.408
Deuteronomy 34.8 (AKJV) 2.407
Deuteronomy 34.8 (Geneva) 2.406
1 Corinthians 4.15 (AKJV) 2.406
2 Kings 2.11 (Geneva) 2.406
1 Corinthians 4.13 (AKJV) 2.403
Philippians 1.23 (Tyndale) 2.359
Isaiah 57.1 (AKJV) 2.34
2 Corinthians 11.11 (Tyndale) 1.204
2 Corinthians 11.11 (Geneva) 1.204
2 Corinthians 11.11 (AKJV) 1.204
Hosea 12.13 (AKJV) 1.204
1 Samuel 7.5 (AKJV) 1.204
1 Samuel 7.5 (Geneva) 1.204
1 Kings 7.9 (Douay-Rheims) 1.204
James 5.18 (AKJV) 1.204
James 5.18 (Geneva) 1.204
1 Thessalonians 5.15 (Geneva) 1.204
Philemon 1.10 (ODRV) 1.204
Philippians 1.25 (Geneva) 1.204
2 Kings 12.2 (AKJV) 1.204
Wisdom 3.2 (ODRV) 1.204
Judges 17.13 (AKJV) 1.203
Galatians 4.6 (ODRV) 1.203
Wisdom 3.4 (ODRV) 1.203
Matthew 23.39 (Tyndale) 1.203
1 Corinthians 4.15 (Geneva) 1.203
Genesis 22.2 (ODRV) 1.203
4 Kings 2.13 (Douay-Rheims) 1.203
4 Kings 2.12 (Douay-Rheims) 1.203
Philemon 1.10 (AKJV) 1.203
1 Kings 18.39 (AKJV) 1.203
Jeremiah 4.18 (Geneva) 1.203
3 Kings 22.43 (Douay-Rheims) 1.203
Acts 7.52 (ODRV) 1.202
1 Maccabees 13.26 (Douay-Rheims) 1.202
Genesis 50.10 (AKJV) 1.202
Matthew 23.37 (ODRV) 1.202
Romans 9.2 (AKJV) 1.201
Colossians 3.4 (Vulgate) 1.201
John 3.9 (Tyndale) 1.201
Psalms 104.23 (AKJV) 1.2
1 Corinthians 1.28 (Tyndale) 1.2
Proverbs 17.16 (AKJV) 1.2
1 Samuel 12.23 (AKJV) 1.2
Isaiah 30.21 (AKJV) 1.199
2 Kings 2.12 (AKJV) 1.199
Matthew 24.46 (Geneva) 1.198
Hebrews 13.17 (Geneva) 1.198
Ecclesiastes 9.15 (Geneva) 1.198
Exodus 33.15 (Geneva) 1.198
Isaiah 58.1 (Geneva) 1.198
Genesis 6.3 (AKJV) 1.197
1 Kings 18.17 (Geneva) 1.197
Acts 8.2 (AKJV) 1.196
2 Corinthians 2.16 (ODRV) 1.195
Philippians 1.24 (AKJV) 1.195
1 Samuel 4.22 (AKJV) 1.193
Psalms 105.15 (AKJV) 1.188
2 Timothy 4.2 (Geneva) 1.188
Philippians 1.23 (AKJV) 1.188
Zechariah 1.5 (AKJV) 1.186
Luke 19.42 (AKJV) 1.186
Matthew 25.23 (AKJV) 1.182
Hebrews 13.17 (AKJV) 1.18
Philippians 1.21 (AKJV) 1.18
Psalms 116.15 (Geneva) 1.178
Proverbs 23.5 (AKJV) 1.171
1 Corinthians 15.58 (ODRV) 1.154
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.958
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
2 John 4.142
Judges 3.028
Hosea 2.949
2 Kings 2.886
1 Kings 2.75
James 2.639
1 Samuel 2.449
Philippians 2.385
Ecclesiastes 2.22
Exodus 2.058
Deuteronomy 2.04
Jeremiah 1.928
Revelation 1.89
2 Corinthians 1.771
Genesis 1.709
Hebrews 1.383
Proverbs 1.219
Acts 1.154
Luke 1.065
1 Corinthians 0.951
Isaiah 0.876
Romans 0.435
Matthew 0.337
Psalms -0.867
Diversity: 0.975
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
2 John 1 2.495
2 Kings 12 2.484
Hosea 12 2.465
Judges 17 2.459
Genesis 50 2.455
Deuteronomy 34 2.449
1 Samuel 7 2.449
Jeremiah 4 2.424
2 Kings 2 2.42
1 Samuel 25 2.418
Exodus 33 2.417
Psalms 105 2.414
Genesis 22 2.406
1 Kings 18 2.404
2 Corinthians 13 2.396
1 Samuel 12 2.393
Hebrews 5 2.391
Isaiah 30 2.385
Psalms 116 2.379
Isaiah 3 2.37
Genesis 6 2.358
2 Corinthians 3 2.354
Proverbs 23 2.353
Acts 7 2.341
1 Corinthians 4 2.338
2 Corinthians 11 2.326
Acts 8 2.325
Acts 9 2.32
James 5 2.314
Ecclesiastes 9 2.313
Revelation 14 2.291
Luke 19 2.29
Ecclesiastes 7 2.269
Isaiah 57 2.262
Matthew 23 2.254
Philippians 1 2.231
Philippians 2 2.158
2 Corinthians 5 2.114
Hebrews 13 2.109
Romans 8 1.967
Diversity: 0.976
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
Matthew 23.39 2.38
1 Samuel 7.5 2.38
2 Corinthians 11.11 2.379
Hosea 12.13 2.379
1 Kings 18.37 2.379
2 Kings 12.2 2.379
Judges 17.13 2.378
1 Samuel 7.9 2.377
2 Corinthians 3.9 2.376
Deuteronomy 34.8 2.376
James 5.18 2.376
Philippians 2.20 2.375
Jeremiah 4.18 2.374
1 Samuel 12.23 2.374
1 Samuel 7.2 2.374
Ecclesiastes 9.16 2.373
Exodus 33.15 2.373
1 Samuel 25.1 2.372
Acts 7.52 2.371
Hebrews 5.14 2.371
Isaiah 3.1 2.37
Genesis 50.10 2.37
1 Corinthians 4.15 2.368
Isaiah 3.2 2.368
Romans 8.31 2.367
2 Kings 2.12 2.366
Isaiah 30.20 2.366
Acts 9.4 2.365
Matthew 23.37 2.364
1 Corinthians 4.13 2.361
Acts 8.2 2.361
Psalms 116.15 2.36
2 Corinthians 13.11 2.359
Psalms 105.15 2.356
Ecclesiastes 7.2 2.356
Luke 19.42 2.355
Proverbs 23.5 2.351
Genesis 6.3 2.346
2 Corinthians 5.20 2.337
Hebrews 13.17 2.322
Philippians 1.23 2.307
Revelation 14.13 2.26
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase