Suffering -- Religious aspects -- Christianity

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 1
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 11.5% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 6.9% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 78.1% 100.0%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 14.8% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 6.9% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.909
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 5.428
Apocrypha (AKJV) 4.37
New Testament (Vulgate) 4.145
Old Testament (ODRV) 2.739
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 0.581
Old Testament (Geneva) -0.684
New Testament (Tyndale) -0.69
New Testament (Geneva) -1.854
New Testament (ODRV) -1.941
Old Testament (AKJV) -2.769
New Testament (AKJV) -2.968
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.997
Book Prominence
Isaiah (AKJV) 2.149
Habakkuk (Douay-Rheims) 1.657
Habakkuk (Geneva) 1.649
1 Maccabees (Douay-Rheims) 1.625
Daniel (ODRV) 1.577
Joshua (AKJV) 1.57
Mark (AKJV) 1.51
Romans (Vulgate) 1.505
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 1.47
Daniel (AKJV) 1.446
2 Timothy (Geneva) 1.347
1 Samuel (AKJV) 1.321
James (Geneva) 1.321
Revelation (Tyndale) 1.309
Philippians (Geneva) 1.307
James (ODRV) 1.287
1 Peter (ODRV) 1.281
1 John (Geneva) 1.276
Jeremiah (Douay-Rheims) 1.207
Acts (Tyndale) 1.2
1 Peter (Geneva) 1.157
Revelation (AKJV) 1.139
2 Timothy (AKJV) 1.125
Ecclesiasticus (AKJV) 1.113
Ephesians (ODRV) 1.096
James (AKJV) 1.091
Job (Geneva) 1.013
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.993
Luke (Tyndale) 0.985
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.905
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 0.897
Acts (AKJV) 0.888
John (Tyndale) 0.887
Psalms (AKJV) 0.882
Luke (Geneva) 0.869
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 0.861
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.833
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.825
Luke (ODRV) 0.788
Matthew (Tyndale) 0.702
Job (AKJV) 0.675
John (ODRV) 0.675
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.64
Psalms (ODRV) 0.597
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.581
Romans (ODRV) 0.573
John (AKJV) 0.564
Matthew (Geneva) 0.553
Luke (AKJV) 0.547
Matthew (ODRV) 0.366
Romans (Geneva) 0.329
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.316
Matthew (AKJV) 0.245
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.197
Psalms (Geneva) 0.049
Romans (AKJV) 0.032
Diversity: 0.99
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Job 27 (AKJV) 1.92
Psalms 12 (AKJV) 1.902
Job 34 (AKJV) 1.885
Isaiah 57 (AKJV) 1.769
Isaiah 51 (Douay-Rheims) 0.966
Joshua 23 (AKJV) 0.965
Isaiah 61 (Geneva) 0.965
1 Samuel 10 (AKJV) 0.963
1 Kings 18 (Douay-Rheims) 0.961
Romans 2 (Vulgate) 0.96
Mark 4 (AKJV) 0.959
1 Maccabees 2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.959
Isaiah 51 (Geneva) 0.958
Isaiah 51 (AKJV) 0.958
Habakkuk 3 (Geneva) 0.957
Isaiah 61 (Douay-Rheims) 0.957
Daniel 6 (ODRV) 0.957
Jeremiah 50 (Douay-Rheims) 0.957
Isaiah 2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.957
Ecclesiasticus 25 (AKJV) 0.956
Revelation 6 (AKJV) 0.956
1 Maccabees 3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.955
Psalms 11 (Geneva) 0.955
Psalms 138 (AKJV) 0.954
Habakkuk 3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.953
Job 42 (AKJV) 0.949
Isaiah 2 (AKJV) 0.946
Daniel 6 (AKJV) 0.945
Psalms 40 (AKJV) 0.943
Job 34 (Geneva) 0.942
Luke 15 (Geneva) 0.94
Proverbs 16 (Douay-Rheims) 0.94
John 15 (Tyndale) 0.94
Acts 14 (AKJV) 0.94
James 5 (ODRV) 0.939
Psalms 41 (AKJV) 0.938
Isaiah 63 (AKJV) 0.935
Job 36 (AKJV) 0.935
Isaiah 11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.935
1 Peter 4 (ODRV) 0.934
Luke 18 (Tyndale) 0.932
Revelation 21 (Tyndale) 0.931
1 Corinthians 9 (Tyndale) 0.931
Job 13 (AKJV) 0.931
Acts 26 (AKJV) 0.931
Acts 5 (Tyndale) 0.931
Psalms 31 (AKJV) 0.929
Proverbs 31 (AKJV) 0.929
Psalms 145 (Geneva) 0.928
Isaiah 55 (AKJV) 0.927
Hebrews 2 (ODRV) 0.924
James 2 (Geneva) 0.924
James 4 (ODRV) 0.923
Psalms 77 (ODRV) 0.921
John 17 (ODRV) 0.915
Ephesians 1 (ODRV) 0.915
Matthew 28 (ODRV) 0.911
Matthew 13 (Geneva) 0.909
Luke 22 (AKJV) 0.909
2 Timothy 3 (Geneva) 0.905
Luke 18 (ODRV) 0.902
Matthew 10 (ODRV) 0.9
Matthew 10 (Tyndale) 0.898
Matthew 13 (AKJV) 0.893
1 Peter 4 (Geneva) 0.893
Isaiah 40 (AKJV) 0.893
Psalms 104 (AKJV) 0.891
Romans 10 (ODRV) 0.891
John 15 (AKJV) 0.891
Luke 16 (AKJV) 0.89
James 1 (ODRV) 0.889
Psalms 145 (AKJV) 0.888
2 Corinthians 1 (AKJV) 0.887
Psalms 9 (AKJV) 0.886
Hebrews 11 (ODRV) 0.884
Matthew 22 (AKJV) 0.883
Psalms 115 (AKJV) 0.882
1 John 5 (Geneva) 0.88
John 5 (Tyndale) 0.88
Philippians 3 (Geneva) 0.88
Matthew 23 (AKJV) 0.873
Psalms 44 (AKJV) 0.873
Luke 1 (AKJV) 0.873
Psalms 2 (AKJV) 0.871
Matthew 16 (ODRV) 0.867
Luke 12 (AKJV) 0.857
James 2 (AKJV) 0.855
John 3 (Tyndale) 0.837
1 Corinthians 1 (AKJV) 0.823
Hebrews 12 (AKJV) 0.822
Psalms 37 (AKJV) 0.821
Romans 2 (Geneva) 0.805
Romans 2 (AKJV) 0.803
2 Timothy 3 (AKJV) 0.797
Matthew 5 (AKJV) 0.795
Romans 8 (Geneva) 0.782
1 Corinthians 15 (AKJV) 0.746
1 Corinthians 15 (ODRV) 0.646
Romans 8 (AKJV) 0.635
Diversity: 0.99
Evenness: 0.996
Verse Prominence
Isaiah 57.11 (AKJV) 1.785
Psalms 12.3 (AKJV) 1.784
Psalms 12.2 (AKJV) 1.783
Psalms 40.4 (AKJV) 1.783
Job 34.19 (AKJV) 1.782
Job 27.6 (AKJV) 1.779
1 Samuel 10.7 (AKJV) 0.892
Isaiah 51.13 (Geneva) 0.892
1 Corinthians 15.34 (ODRV) 0.892
Luke 15.5 (Geneva) 0.892
Mark 4.17 (AKJV) 0.892
Joshua 23.6 (AKJV) 0.892
Isaiah 61.7 (Geneva) 0.892
Isaiah 61.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
Luke 18.29 (ODRV) 0.892
Psalms 40.3 (AKJV) 0.892
Psalms 40.2 (AKJV) 0.892
Daniel 6.10 (ODRV) 0.892
1 Peter 4.14 (ODRV) 0.892
Proverbs 16.8 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
John 15.18 (Tyndale) 0.892
John 15.25 (AKJV) 0.892
Psalms 31.11 (AKJV) 0.892
John 5.21 (Tyndale) 0.892
Revelation 6.9 (AKJV) 0.892
1 Kings 18.29 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
James 5.10 (ODRV) 0.892
Luke 1.45 (AKJV) 0.892
Psalms 77.9 (ODRV) 0.892
Jeremiah 50.27 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
Acts 14.22 (AKJV) 0.892
Isaiah 2.22 (Douay-Rheims) 0.892
James 2.1 (AKJV) 0.892
James 4.12 (ODRV) 0.892
Hebrews 12.8 (AKJV) 0.891
James 5.11 (ODRV) 0.891
Isaiah 51.12 (Douay-Rheims) 0.891
Daniel 6.10 (AKJV) 0.891
Job 36.21 (AKJV) 0.891
Matthew 10.38 (ODRV) 0.891
1 Maccabees 2.60 (Douay-Rheims) 0.891
Job 42.7 (AKJV) 0.891
Acts 26.27 (AKJV) 0.891
Isaiah 55.4 (AKJV) 0.891
Psalms 138.3 (AKJV) 0.891
Job 34.19 (Geneva) 0.891
Luke 16.19 (AKJV) 0.891
Matthew 22.16 (AKJV) 0.89
Psalms 41.11 (AKJV) 0.89
Matthew 13.21 (AKJV) 0.89
Isaiah 63.3 (AKJV) 0.89
1 Corinthians 9.23 (Tyndale) 0.89
Isaiah 51.13 (AKJV) 0.89
Luke 22.28 (AKJV) 0.89
1 Corinthians 15.34 (AKJV) 0.889
Matthew 13.22 (Geneva) 0.889
Psalms 115.11 (AKJV) 0.889
Psalms 145.8 (Geneva) 0.889
Hebrews 2.18 (ODRV) 0.889
Luke 12.5 (AKJV) 0.889
Luke 22.29 (AKJV) 0.889
Ecclesiasticus 25.12 (AKJV) 0.888
Matthew 28.20 (ODRV) 0.888
Psalms 37.16 (AKJV) 0.888
Matthew 5.18 (AKJV) 0.888
Isaiah 40.17 (AKJV) 0.888
1 Corinthians 15.24 (AKJV) 0.888
Romans 2.11 (Vulgate) 0.888
James 2.1 (Geneva) 0.888
Psalms 11.6 (Geneva) 0.888
Proverbs 31.22 (AKJV) 0.888
Habakkuk 3.18 (Geneva) 0.887
Luke 18.30 (Tyndale) 0.887
Matthew 10.33 (Tyndale) 0.887
1 Corinthians 1.23 (AKJV) 0.887
1 Peter 4.16 (Geneva) 0.887
James 1.16 (ODRV) 0.887
Isaiah 11.2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.887
2 Timothy 3.12 (Geneva) 0.886
2 Timothy 3.12 (AKJV) 0.886
Psalms 104.5 (AKJV) 0.886
Psalms 145.8 (AKJV) 0.886
John 17.24 (ODRV) 0.886
Psalms 44.17 (AKJV) 0.886
Psalms 9.9 (AKJV) 0.886
1 Maccabees 3.60 (Douay-Rheims) 0.885
Matthew 16.24 (ODRV) 0.884
Romans 8.24 (Geneva) 0.884
Psalms 2.2 (AKJV) 0.883
1 John 5.4 (Geneva) 0.882
Isaiah 2.22 (AKJV) 0.882
Job 13.15 (AKJV) 0.881
Habakkuk 3.17 (Douay-Rheims) 0.88
Hebrews 11.1 (ODRV) 0.88
Revelation 21.8 (Tyndale) 0.877
2 Corinthians 1.10 (AKJV) 0.876
Philippians 3.14 (Geneva) 0.876
Psalms 9.10 (AKJV) 0.874
Romans 8.24 (AKJV) 0.874
Ephesians 1.19 (ODRV) 0.872
Matthew 23.9 (AKJV) 0.871
Romans 10.17 (ODRV) 0.867
Acts 5.29 (Tyndale) 0.866
Romans 2.11 (AKJV) 0.846
Romans 2.11 (Geneva) 0.846
John 3.13 (Tyndale) 0.844
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.959
Evenness: 0.996
Book Prominence
Habakkuk 7.149
Joshua 2.968
Malachi 2.94
2 Thessalonians 2.912
Leviticus 2.86
Mark 2.564
Daniel 2.514
1 John 2.393
James 2.318
2 Timothy 2.312
1 Samuel 2.129
1 Timothy 2.048
1 Peter 1.838
Jeremiah 1.607
Job 1.596
Revelation 1.569
Hebrews 1.063
Proverbs 0.899
Acts 0.834
John 0.776
Luke 0.744
1 Corinthians 0.63
Isaiah 0.556
Matthew 0.017
Psalms -1.188
Diversity: 0.982
Evenness: 0.995
Chapter Prominence
Habakkuk 3 3.073
Isaiah 51 3.062
Isaiah 57 2.887
Luke 12 2.801
Psalms 149 1.537
Joshua 6 1.529
Psalms 138 1.529
Joshua 23 1.527
1 Samuel 18 1.525
Job 42 1.524
Job 36 1.518
Mark 4 1.51
Psalms 41 1.51
Proverbs 12 1.509
Job 34 1.505
Acts 22 1.497
Psalms 40 1.495
Isaiah 61 1.491
1 Samuel 10 1.491
Psalms 17 1.483
Mark 10 1.477
Psalms 31 1.47
Isaiah 63 1.47
2 Thessalonians 1 1.467
Daniel 6 1.465
Acts 14 1.461
Revelation 6 1.459
Leviticus 19 1.455
Acts 26 1.438
Revelation 12 1.434
Psalms 12 1.433
Luke 9 1.427
Isaiah 2 1.417
Jeremiah 5 1.412
1 John 5 1.412
1 John 4 1.408
Isaiah 53 1.401
1 Peter 4 1.378
Psalms 37 1.377
James 5 1.376
James 2 1.374
Acts 4 1.363
1 Peter 3 1.36
Psalms 50 1.355
John 15 1.354
Revelation 21 1.347
Luke 22 1.346
1 Timothy 5 1.343
Luke 1 1.339
Malachi 3 1.335
John 17 1.325
Psalms 9 1.325
Matthew 13 1.322
Luke 16 1.322
Matthew 22 1.31
Matthew 28 1.307
Matthew 10 1.286
2 Timothy 3 1.282
Hebrews 12 1.165
1 Corinthians 15 1.119
Diversity: 0.985
Evenness: 0.994
Verse Prominence
Isaiah 57.11 2.53
Isaiah 51.13 2.524
Habakkuk 3.18 2.523
Luke 12.5 2.521
Luke 12.4 2.516
Habakkuk 3.17 2.514
Job 36.20 1.265
1 Samuel 10.7 1.265
Proverbs 12.6 1.265
Isaiah 2.21 1.265
Isaiah 61.7 1.264
John 15.21 1.264
Psalms 31.11 1.264
Acts 26.27 1.264
Isaiah 51.14 1.264
Jeremiah 5.28 1.263
Matthew 10.9 1.263
Mark 4.17 1.262
Psalms 50.18 1.262
Luke 1.20 1.262
Psalms 41.11 1.262
Revelation 12.17 1.262
John 15.24 1.262
1 Samuel 18.23 1.262
Psalms 138.3 1.262
1 John 4.17 1.261
1 Peter 4.16 1.261
John 15.18 1.261
John 15.20 1.261
Psalms 9.9 1.261
Psalms 40.4 1.261
James 2.11 1.261
Psalms 149.9 1.261
Luke 22.28 1.261
Matthew 10.38 1.26
Mark 10.29 1.26
Job 42.5 1.26
Psalms 12.6 1.26
Luke 22.29 1.26
2 Thessalonians 1.5 1.259
Hebrews 12.8 1.258
Isaiah 63.3 1.258
1 Peter 4.19 1.257
Matthew 13.20 1.256
Mark 10.30 1.256
Luke 16.15 1.256
Matthew 13.21 1.255
James 5.11 1.255
Isaiah 2.22 1.255
Psalms 12.2 1.255
John 15.22 1.254
Luke 16.19 1.254
Psalms 9.10 1.253
Malachi 3.5 1.253
Matthew 10.30 1.252
Revelation 6.9 1.252
1 Peter 3.19 1.252
Job 34.19 1.252
Matthew 10.29 1.251
Isaiah 53.7 1.251
1 Corinthians 15.24 1.25
Luke 9.23 1.249
2 Timothy 3.12 1.249
Acts 4.19 1.247
Daniel 6.10 1.247
1 Timothy 5.22 1.246
John 15.19 1.245
Matthew 22.16 1.245
Leviticus 19.17 1.242
1 John 5.4 1.242
Psalms 17.14 1.241
Matthew 28.20 1.199
Revelation 21.8 1.182
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase