Superstition

Number of relevant publications in EEBO-TCP: 2
Navigate to the catalog to search for the relevant publications associated with this this referencing entity.



Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 2.7% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 1.8% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 91.3% 100.0%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.1% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 5.9% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.6% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 1.9% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.857
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 10.623
Old Testament (Geneva) 4.511
New Testament (Tyndale) 4.505
New Testament (Geneva) 3.341
New Testament (ODRV) 3.253
Old Testament (AKJV) 2.425
New Testament (AKJV) 2.227
Diversity: 0.96
Evenness: 0.968
Book Prominence
Colossians (AKJV) 11.379
Colossians (ODRV) 4.356
James (ODRV) 4.325
Ephesians (AKJV) 3.873
Luke (AKJV) 3.585
Micah (AKJV) 2.201
Colossians (Tyndale) 2.123
Jude (AKJV) 2.121
2 Peter (Tyndale) 2.114
Titus (ODRV) 2.101
1 Thessalonians (Geneva) 2.063
Colossians (Geneva) 2.001
Ephesians (Tyndale) 1.945
2 Peter (AKJV) 1.929
1 Thessalonians (AKJV) 1.907
Acts (Geneva) 1.851
Exodus (AKJV) 1.807
Ephesians (ODRV) 1.752
Acts (ODRV) 1.677
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 1.673
Job (Geneva) 1.67
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 1.561
Acts (AKJV) 1.545
John (Geneva) 1.524
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 1.482
Romans (Tyndale) 1.462
John (AKJV) 1.221
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 1.18
Matthew (ODRV) 1.023
Romans (Geneva) 0.986
Matthew (AKJV) 0.901
1 Corinthians (AKJV) 0.854
Psalms (Geneva) 0.706
Romans (AKJV) 0.689
Diversity: 0.968
Evenness: 0.973
Chapter Prominence
Colossians 2 (AKJV) 10.104
James 3 (ODRV) 4.019
Colossians 2 (ODRV) 4.007
Luke 6 (AKJV) 4.002
Ephesians 5 (AKJV) 3.925
Job 25 (Geneva) 2.024
Ecclesiasticus 19 (Douay-Rheims) 2.023
Exodus 34 (AKJV) 2.016
Colossians 4 (Geneva) 2.015
Acts 17 (Geneva) 2.014
Matthew 9 (AKJV) 2.008
John 7 (Geneva) 2.006
Colossians 2 (Tyndale) 2.0
Micah 6 (AKJV) 1.994
Acts 17 (ODRV) 1.992
Titus 3 (ODRV) 1.992
Romans 14 (Tyndale) 1.991
Psalms 106 (Geneva) 1.991
Matthew 9 (ODRV) 1.991
2 Corinthians 6 (AKJV) 1.984
2 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 1.982
Ephesians 5 (Tyndale) 1.975
Matthew 15 (AKJV) 1.968
Romans 15 (AKJV) 1.966
Acts 17 (AKJV) 1.962
Matthew 11 (AKJV) 1.962
1 Corinthians 10 (Tyndale) 1.962
John 7 (AKJV) 1.962
Colossians 2 (Geneva) 1.96
1 Corinthians 11 (Tyndale) 1.947
1 Thessalonians 5 (Geneva) 1.943
Colossians 1 (Geneva) 1.936
Romans 1 (Geneva) 1.932
2 Peter 1 (AKJV) 1.893
Ephesians 5 (ODRV) 1.89
Romans 14 (AKJV) 1.886
Ephesians 4 (ODRV) 1.883
1 Thessalonians 5 (AKJV) 1.881
1 Corinthians 10 (Geneva) 1.874
Jude 1 (AKJV) 1.869
1 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 1.767
Diversity: 0.979
Evenness: 0.978
Verse Prominence
Colossians 2.23 (AKJV) 6.842
Colossians 2.23 (ODRV) 4.106
Colossians 2.1 (AKJV) 2.738
Luke 6.2 (AKJV) 2.738
Ephesians 5.10 (AKJV) 2.737
Colossians 2.8 (ODRV) 2.722
James 3.15 (ODRV) 2.716
Romans 14.17 (AKJV) 2.715
Colossians 4.13 (Geneva) 1.369
Colossians 4.18 (Geneva) 1.369
Colossians 2.23 (Tyndale) 1.369
Colossians 2.18 (Geneva) 1.369
Colossians 2.2 (AKJV) 1.368
Colossians 2.4 (Geneva) 1.368
Matthew 9.15 (AKJV) 1.368
Acts 17.22 (AKJV) 1.367
Psalms 106.37 (Geneva) 1.367
Colossians 2.21 (ODRV) 1.367
1 Corinthians 10.16 (Tyndale) 1.367
Colossians 2.16 (AKJV) 1.367
Matthew 15.11 (AKJV) 1.367
2 Corinthians 6.5 (AKJV) 1.367
Ephesians 5.10 (Tyndale) 1.366
Matthew 11.19 (AKJV) 1.366
1 Thessalonians 5.27 (Geneva) 1.366
Colossians 1.7 (Geneva) 1.366
Acts 17.18 (Geneva) 1.365
Acts 17.3 (ODRV) 1.365
Ecclesiasticus 19.18 (Douay-Rheims) 1.365
Titus 3.6 (ODRV) 1.365
Matthew 9.15 (ODRV) 1.365
Colossians 2.22 (AKJV) 1.365
Acts 17.30 (AKJV) 1.364
Ephesians 4.6 (ODRV) 1.364
Colossians 2.20 (AKJV) 1.364
Acts 17.31 (AKJV) 1.363
Exodus 34.7 (AKJV) 1.363
2 Peter 2.19 (Tyndale) 1.363
Colossians 2.22 (Geneva) 1.363
Romans 15.13 (AKJV) 1.363
Ephesians 5.10 (ODRV) 1.362
Romans 14.18 (AKJV) 1.362
Colossians 2.21 (Geneva) 1.362
Colossians 2.6 (Geneva) 1.361
John 7.24 (AKJV) 1.361
John 7.24 (Geneva) 1.361
Acts 17.31 (ODRV) 1.359
Job 25.6 (Geneva) 1.358
Romans 14.8 (Tyndale) 1.358
Colossians 2.3 (Tyndale) 1.358
Colossians 2.17 (Geneva) 1.358
Ephesians 5.18 (AKJV) 1.358
Romans 1.1 (Geneva) 1.354
Micah 6.8 (AKJV) 1.347
1 Thessalonians 5.22 (AKJV) 1.345
James 3.17 (ODRV) 1.344
1 Corinthians 11.20 (Tyndale) 1.341
2 Peter 1.7 (AKJV) 1.337
Jude 1.25 (AKJV) 1.315
1 Corinthians 10.16 (Geneva) 1.294
1 Corinthians 10.16 (AKJV) 1.294
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.995
New Testament 2.093
Diversity: 0.889
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Micah 10.24
Mark 9.829
Colossians 9.704
James 9.583
1 Timothy 9.313
Exodus 9.003
Acts 8.099
Romans 7.38
Matthew 7.282
Diversity: 0.917
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Mark 2 8.307
Exodus 34 8.246
Micah 6 8.196
Matthew 9 8.191
James 3 8.186
Matthew 15 8.177
Matthew 12 8.142
Colossians 1 8.108
Colossians 2 8.098
1 Timothy 4 8.09
Romans 14 8.071
Acts 17 8.017
Diversity: 0.952
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
Matthew 12.10 4.759
Colossians 2.1 4.758
Matthew 15.11 4.758
Matthew 12.12 4.758
Colossians 1.7 4.757
Matthew 15.17 4.756
Matthew 12.19 4.755
James 3.15 4.75
Colossians 2.23 4.749
Romans 14.18 4.749
Colossians 2.2 4.747
Acts 17.22 4.746
1 Timothy 4.3 4.743
Matthew 9.12 4.742
Matthew 9.13 4.742
Colossians 2.3 4.739
Romans 14.17 4.732
Exodus 34.7 4.731
Exodus 34.6 4.73
James 3.17 4.714
Micah 6.8 4.712
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase