A true and certaine relation of a strange-birth which was borne at Stone-house in the parish of Plimmouth, the 20. of October. 1635. Together with the notes of a sermon, preached Octob. 23. 1635. in the church of Plimmouth, at the interring of the sayd birth. By Th. B. B.D. Pr. Pl.

Bedford, Thomas, d. 1653
Publisher: Printed by Anne Griffin for William Russell in Plim mouth
Place of Publication: London
Publication Year: 1635
Approximate Era: CharlesI
TCP ID: A07526 ESTC ID: S120122 STC ID: 1791.3
Subject Headings: Conjoined twins; Sermons, English -- 17th century;
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Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 4.5% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 2.5% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 85.1% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 1.5% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 5.5% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.6% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 4.0% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 1.5% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_latin Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and foreign text 0.5% -inf%
foreign_latin_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP and italicized foreign text 0.5% -inf%
foreign_latin_italicized_cited Percentage of units with Latin Bible QP, an adjacent citation, and italicized foreign text 0.5% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.857
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament (ODRV) 7.917
Old Testament (Geneva) 4.351
New Testament (Tyndale) 4.264
New Testament (Geneva) 3.227
New Testament (ODRV) 3.148
Old Testament (AKJV) 2.24
New Testament (AKJV) 1.858
Diversity: 0.941
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
2 Thessalonians (AKJV) 5.63
Jude (AKJV) 5.62
1 Thessalonians (ODRV) 5.59
Hebrews (ODRV) 5.171
Ephesians (Geneva) 5.08
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 5.01
John (Tyndale) 5.005
2 Corinthians (AKJV) 4.987
Romans (Tyndale) 4.895
Job (AKJV) 4.889
Hebrews (AKJV) 4.855
John (AKJV) 4.698
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 4.693
Psalms (ODRV) 4.672
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 4.611
Psalms (Geneva) 4.067
Psalms (AKJV) 3.101
Diversity: 0.963
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Psalms 110 (ODRV) 3.687
Psalms 4 (ODRV) 3.687
Psalms 111 (Geneva) 3.686
John 9 (Tyndale) 3.685
1 Corinthians 6 (Tyndale) 3.672
Psalms 9 (Geneva) 3.671
1 Thessalonians 4 (ODRV) 3.667
2 Thessalonians 1 (AKJV) 3.666
Psalms 107 (Geneva) 3.664
Psalms 92 (AKJV) 3.664
Psalms 139 (Geneva) 3.658
2 Corinthians 8 (AKJV) 3.655
Romans 1 (Tyndale) 3.652
Psalms 139 (AKJV) 3.645
John 9 (AKJV) 3.639
Psalms 115 (AKJV) 3.637
Psalms 19 (AKJV) 3.629
Psalms 126 (AKJV) 3.626
1 Corinthians 6 (Geneva) 3.62
Job 21 (AKJV) 3.618
1 Corinthians 12 (Tyndale) 3.61
Hebrews 12 (ODRV) 3.593
Ephesians 2 (Geneva) 3.581
Psalms 107 (AKJV) 3.554
Hebrews 11 (AKJV) 3.53
Jude 1 (AKJV) 3.522
1 Corinthians 15 (ODRV) 3.387
Diversity: 0.967
Evenness: 0.997
Verse Prominence
Psalms 107.31 (AKJV) 6.22
Psalms 110.4 (ODRV) 3.124
Psalms 115.3 (AKJV) 3.124
Psalms 139.13 (AKJV) 3.124
Psalms 139.13 (Geneva) 3.124
Psalms 9.2 (Geneva) 3.124
2 Corinthians 8.13 (AKJV) 3.123
Psalms 19.2 (AKJV) 3.123
Psalms 139.16 (AKJV) 3.123
Psalms 107.31 (Geneva) 3.123
Psalms 139.14 (AKJV) 3.123
John 9.2 (Tyndale) 3.123
1 Thessalonians 4.4 (ODRV) 3.122
1 Corinthians 6.17 (Tyndale) 3.122
Psalms 92.6 (AKJV) 3.122
2 Thessalonians 1.12 (AKJV) 3.122
John 9.3 (AKJV) 3.121
Psalms 4.8 (ODRV) 3.12
Psalms 111.4 (Geneva) 3.119
Psalms 107.8 (AKJV) 3.118
Hebrews 12.24 (ODRV) 3.117
Ephesians 2.4 (Geneva) 3.115
Romans 1.20 (Tyndale) 3.115
Hebrews 11.4 (AKJV) 3.115
1 Corinthians 12.4 (Tyndale) 3.115
1 Corinthians 6.8 (Geneva) 3.115
Job 21.32 (AKJV) 3.108
Psalms 19.1 (AKJV) 3.096
Psalms 126.3 (AKJV) 3.088
1 Corinthians 15.42 (ODRV) 3.077
Jude 1.25 (AKJV) 3.063
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.666
New Testament 1.805
Diversity: 0.833
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Joshua 15.791
Exodus 14.551
Genesis 14.042
Hebrews 13.881
Romans 12.712
Psalms 11.495
Diversity: 0.909
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Joshua 10 9.049
Psalms 92 9.046
Psalms 111 9.04
Genesis 20 9.031
Exodus 14 8.99
Psalms 139 8.957
Psalms 19 8.942
Psalms 51 8.886
Psalms 119 8.695
Romans 1 8.649
Hebrews 11 8.645
Diversity: 0.857
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
Psalms 119.73 14.282
Psalms 139.13 14.281
Psalms 92.6 14.281
Psalms 19.2 14.278
Hebrews 11.3 14.275
Psalms 111.4 14.275
Psalms 51.5 14.267
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase