Early English Printed Sermons


A notable and comfortable exposition, vpon the fourth of Mathevv; concerning the tentations of Christ preached in S.Peters Church, in Oxenford; By Thomas Bentham, fellovv ov Magdalin Colledge and afterwards Vyshop of Liechfeeld and Coventrie.

Bentham, Thomas, 1513-1579
Publisher: Printed by Robert Walde graue dwelling in Foster Lane ouer against Goldsmiths Hall
Place of Publication: London
Publication Year: 1583
Approximate Era: Elizabeth
TCP ID: A08599 ESTC ID: S111929 STC ID: 1891
Subject Headings: Sermons, English -- 16th century;
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Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 5.5% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 3.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 84.7% 100.0%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 8.4% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 2.9% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.917
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Apocrypha (ODRV) 7.004
New Testament (Wycliffe) 6.712
Apocrypha (AKJV) 3.776
New Testament (Vulgate) 3.525
Old Testament (ODRV) 1.964
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) -0.219
Old Testament (Geneva) -1.601
New Testament (Tyndale) -1.688
New Testament (Geneva) -2.725
New Testament (ODRV) -2.804
Old Testament (AKJV) -3.713
New Testament (AKJV) -4.094
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.988
Book Prominence
Romans (Tyndale) 3.122
Matthew (Tyndale) 3.024
2 Timothy (ODRV) 2.479
Acts (ODRV) 2.052
Matthew (Geneva) 1.578
Acts (Vulgate) 1.322
2 Maccabees (AKJV) 1.31
Matthew (Wycliffe) 1.287
Galatians (Vulgate) 1.275
2 Corinthians (Vulgate) 1.267
Baruch (ODRV) 1.259
Ezra (AKJV) 1.238
Leviticus (Geneva) 1.196
Mark (Geneva) 1.195
John (Wycliffe) 1.194
Numbers (Geneva) 1.187
Numbers (Douay-Rheims) 1.181
Titus (Geneva) 1.157
John (Vulgate) 1.151
Daniel (AKJV) 1.126
2 Esdras (AKJV) 1.105
Numbers (AKJV) 1.098
Matthew (Vulgate) 1.097
Leviticus (AKJV) 1.095
Wisdom (AKJV) 1.054
Exodus (ODRV) 1.036
Deuteronomy (Geneva) 0.96
Philippians (Geneva) 0.952
James (Geneva) 0.948
Exodus (Geneva) 0.93
Psalms (Geneva) 0.925
Galatians (Geneva) 0.886
Acts (Geneva) 0.826
Deuteronomy (AKJV) 0.802
1 Peter (Geneva) 0.788
Exodus (AKJV) 0.787
Galatians (ODRV) 0.785
Genesis (Geneva) 0.758
Ecclesiasticus (AKJV) 0.729
Galatians (AKJV) 0.698
1 Timothy (AKJV) 0.662
Hebrews (Geneva) 0.628
2 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.622
Philippians (AKJV) 0.608
Luke (Tyndale) 0.594
Proverbs (Douay-Rheims) 0.562
Acts (AKJV) 0.536
John (Geneva) 0.5
1 Corinthians (Tyndale) 0.497
John (Tyndale) 0.493
Luke (Geneva) 0.471
Genesis (AKJV) 0.471
Luke (ODRV) 0.378
John (ODRV) 0.314
John (AKJV) 0.186
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.18
Luke (AKJV) 0.172
Psalms (ODRV) 0.159
1 Corinthians (Geneva) 0.098
Matthew (ODRV) -0.043
Romans (Geneva) -0.09
Matthew (AKJV) -0.145
1 Corinthians (AKJV) -0.198
Romans (AKJV) -0.473
Psalms (AKJV) -1.411
Diversity: 0.989
Evenness: 0.99
Chapter Prominence
Matthew 4 (Tyndale) 2.733
Matthew 4 (AKJV) 2.719
Romans 6 (Tyndale) 2.689
Acts 15 (ODRV) 1.815
Matthew 4 (Geneva) 1.806
Psalms 91 (Geneva) 1.801
2 Timothy 2 (ODRV) 1.783
Acts 14 (Vulgate) 0.917
Numbers 33 (AKJV) 0.917
John 13 (Wycliffe) 0.916
Deuteronomy 14 (AKJV) 0.915
Matthew 15 (Vulgate) 0.914
Numbers 33 (Geneva) 0.914
Leviticus 23 (Geneva) 0.913
Mark 1 (Geneva) 0.912
Exodus 19 (ODRV) 0.912
Ezra 6 (AKJV) 0.912
Matthew 26 (Wycliffe) 0.912
Genesis 50 (Geneva) 0.911
Wisdom 10 (AKJV) 0.909
Exodus 34 (ODRV) 0.908
Deuteronomy 8 (Geneva) 0.908
2 Esdras 1 (AKJV) 0.908
Acts 6 (Geneva) 0.908
Psalms 90 (ODRV) 0.907
1 Corinthians 16 (ODRV) 0.905
Exodus 16 (AKJV) 0.904
Luke 4 (Tyndale) 0.904
Luke 4 (Geneva) 0.903
Deuteronomy 10 (Geneva) 0.903
2 Maccabees 7 (AKJV) 0.902
Leviticus 23 (AKJV) 0.902
Matthew 17 (AKJV) 0.902
Ecclesiasticus 35 (AKJV) 0.901
Deuteronomy 6 (Geneva) 0.9
Exodus 14 (Geneva) 0.9
Galatians 5 (Vulgate) 0.899
2 Corinthians 11 (Vulgate) 0.899
Titus 1 (Geneva) 0.898
Psalms 145 (ODRV) 0.898
Matthew 17 (Geneva) 0.897
Numbers 14 (Douay-Rheims) 0.896
Baruch 3 (ODRV) 0.896
Luke 4 (AKJV) 0.895
Acts 14 (AKJV) 0.894
Exodus 34 (AKJV) 0.894
Psalms 106 (ODRV) 0.894
Proverbs 17 (Douay-Rheims) 0.893
Exodus 14 (AKJV) 0.891
Daniel 6 (AKJV) 0.891
John 6 (Vulgate) 0.888
Proverbs 3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.888
Matthew 4 (ODRV) 0.885
Luke 9 (Tyndale) 0.884
John 19 (Tyndale) 0.882
Luke 22 (Tyndale) 0.875
John 11 (Tyndale) 0.87
Matthew 6 (Tyndale) 0.869
Luke 21 (ODRV) 0.869
Luke 6 (Tyndale) 0.869
Matthew 27 (Tyndale) 0.869
Acts 13 (AKJV) 0.868
Matthew 3 (ODRV) 0.868
Psalms 34 (Geneva) 0.867
Luke 9 (ODRV) 0.863
Philippians 1 (Geneva) 0.861
Genesis 3 (AKJV) 0.86
John 17 (ODRV) 0.859
1 Timothy 5 (AKJV) 0.858
James 4 (Geneva) 0.855
2 Corinthians 11 (Geneva) 0.852
Luke 6 (Geneva) 0.849
Romans 4 (Geneva) 0.844
1 Corinthians 3 (ODRV) 0.844
Galatians 3 (ODRV) 0.843
2 Timothy 3 (ODRV) 0.841
Matthew 15 (AKJV) 0.84
1 Peter 5 (Geneva) 0.837
John 1 (Geneva) 0.831
1 Corinthians 10 (Tyndale) 0.831
John 1 (AKJV) 0.816
1 Corinthians 2 (ODRV) 0.815
Matthew 6 (ODRV) 0.813
Galatians 5 (ODRV) 0.809
Matthew 16 (ODRV) 0.808
Hebrews 12 (Geneva) 0.807
Romans 1 (AKJV) 0.805
Galatians 5 (Geneva) 0.789
1 Corinthians 3 (AKJV) 0.785
Matthew 5 (Geneva) 0.773
Psalms 37 (AKJV) 0.762
Galatians 5 (AKJV) 0.75
Romans 14 (AKJV) 0.75
Philippians 4 (AKJV) 0.743
Matthew 5 (AKJV) 0.737
1 Corinthians 15 (AKJV) 0.715
Matthew 5 (ODRV) 0.701
1 Corinthians 15 (Geneva) 0.656
1 Corinthians 10 (AKJV) 0.616
Diversity: 0.99
Evenness: 0.985
Verse Prominence
Matthew 4.2 (Tyndale) 3.004
Matthew 4.7 (ODRV) 3.002
Matthew 4.4 (Tyndale) 2.25
Matthew 4.1 (AKJV) 2.248
Romans 6.4 (Tyndale) 2.247
Matthew 4.2 (Geneva) 1.503
Acts 15.20 (ODRV) 1.503
2 Timothy 2.4 (ODRV) 1.502
Psalms 91.12 (Geneva) 1.5
Matthew 4.8 (ODRV) 1.499
Mark 1.12 (Geneva) 0.752
Acts 14.21 (Vulgate) 0.752
Exodus 34.28 (AKJV) 0.752
Leviticus 23.39 (Geneva) 0.752
Ezra 6.19 (AKJV) 0.752
Luke 6.21 (Tyndale) 0.752
Psalms 106.30 (ODRV) 0.752
Exodus 34.28 (ODRV) 0.752
Matthew 26.63 (Wycliffe) 0.752
Deuteronomy 8.3 (Geneva) 0.752
John 6.48 (Vulgate) 0.752
1 Timothy 5.7 (AKJV) 0.752
Numbers 33.11 (Geneva) 0.752
Numbers 33.11 (AKJV) 0.752
Acts 14.21 (AKJV) 0.751
Exodus 19.20 (ODRV) 0.751
John 1.17 (Geneva) 0.751
1 Corinthians 15.46 (AKJV) 0.751
1 Corinthians 15.46 (Geneva) 0.751
Leviticus 23.41 (AKJV) 0.751
Matthew 6.17 (ODRV) 0.751
Matthew 15.19 (Vulgate) 0.751
John 13.35 (Wycliffe) 0.751
Luke 6.21 (Geneva) 0.751
Deuteronomy 14.22 (AKJV) 0.751
Matthew 4.3 (Geneva) 0.751
Genesis 50.3 (Geneva) 0.751
Galatians 5.5 (Vulgate) 0.751
Deuteronomy 8.2 (Geneva) 0.751
Luke 4.4 (Geneva) 0.751
Matthew 4.5 (Geneva) 0.751
Psalms 90.12 (ODRV) 0.751
Luke 4.10 (Tyndale) 0.751
Deuteronomy 6.16 (Geneva) 0.751
Proverbs 3.11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.751
Matthew 4.8 (AKJV) 0.751
Matthew 17.18 (AKJV) 0.751
Psalms 34.9 (Geneva) 0.751
Matthew 4.11 (Geneva) 0.751
Matthew 15.11 (AKJV) 0.75
Romans 4.4 (Geneva) 0.75
Luke 9.35 (Tyndale) 0.75
Exodus 16.2 (AKJV) 0.75
Matthew 4.1 (ODRV) 0.75
Titus 1.14 (Geneva) 0.75
John 6.33 (Vulgate) 0.75
Matthew 4.7 (Tyndale) 0.75
Baruch 3.17 (ODRV) 0.75
Luke 22.31 (Tyndale) 0.749
Romans 6.3 (Tyndale) 0.749
Wisdom 10.18 (AKJV) 0.749
Acts 13.18 (AKJV) 0.749
Matthew 4.1 (Tyndale) 0.749
Matthew 6.4 (Tyndale) 0.749
Matthew 17.3 (Geneva) 0.749
Genesis 3.6 (AKJV) 0.749
1 Corinthians 16.13 (ODRV) 0.749
Exodus 14.12 (Geneva) 0.749
Psalms 90.11 (ODRV) 0.749
Ecclesiasticus 35.20 (AKJV) 0.748
Luke 9.23 (ODRV) 0.748
Matthew 27.43 (Tyndale) 0.748
Luke 4.10 (AKJV) 0.748
Exodus 14.11 (AKJV) 0.748
2 Esdras 1.18 (AKJV) 0.748
1 Corinthians 3.7 (ODRV) 0.748
Psalms 145.6 (ODRV) 0.748
Acts 6.4 (Geneva) 0.748
Daniel 6.20 (AKJV) 0.748
Psalms 37.25 (AKJV) 0.748
Proverbs 17.3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.747
Deuteronomy 10.20 (Geneva) 0.747
John 1.17 (AKJV) 0.746
1 Corinthians 3.7 (AKJV) 0.746
1 Corinthians 10.13 (Tyndale) 0.746
Luke 22.32 (Tyndale) 0.745
Matthew 5.6 (Geneva) 0.745
Romans 14.5 (AKJV) 0.745
John 11.17 (Tyndale) 0.745
1 Corinthians 2.10 (ODRV) 0.745
Philippians 1.11 (Geneva) 0.744
Numbers 14.2 (Douay-Rheims) 0.744
1 Corinthians 10.26 (AKJV) 0.744
Romans 1.1 (AKJV) 0.743
1 Peter 5.8 (Geneva) 0.743
John 17.16 (ODRV) 0.742
2 Maccabees 7.32 (AKJV) 0.741
Luke 21.34 (ODRV) 0.741
John 19.7 (Tyndale) 0.741
2 Corinthians 11.14 (Vulgate) 0.741
Matthew 4.10 (AKJV) 0.741
James 4.7 (Geneva) 0.741
Matthew 5.4 (Geneva) 0.74
Matthew 5.4 (AKJV) 0.74
Hebrews 12.6 (Geneva) 0.74
Matthew 4.10 (Geneva) 0.74
Galatians 3.27 (ODRV) 0.737
Matthew 3.17 (ODRV) 0.735
2 Timothy 3.12 (ODRV) 0.734
Philippians 4.20 (AKJV) 0.728
2 Corinthians 11.14 (Geneva) 0.725
Galatians 5.17 (ODRV) 0.721
Galatians 5.17 (AKJV) 0.716
Galatians 5.17 (Geneva) 0.714
Matthew 16.26 (ODRV) 0.712
Matthew 5.17 (ODRV) 0.709
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.444
Evenness: 0.918
Part Prominence
New Testament 18.472
Old Testament -14.001
Diversity: 0.954
Evenness: 0.991
Book Prominence
Exodus 5.885
3 Kings 3.955
Matthew 3.82
Jonah 3.601
Esther 3.544
2 Peter 2.716
2 Timothy 2.557
James 2.492
1 Samuel 2.217
Galatians 2.181
Deuteronomy 1.869
Ephesians 1.838
2 Corinthians 1.698
Genesis 1.375
Hebrews 1.214
Proverbs 0.952
Acts 0.797
John 0.794
Luke 0.782
1 Corinthians 0.71
Isaiah 0.618
Romans 0.045
Psalms -1.172
Diversity: 0.974
Evenness: 0.991
Chapter Prominence
Exodus 24 4.229
Deuteronomy 8 4.189
Matthew 4 4.096
Matthew 6 3.928
Matthew 5 3.699
3 Kings 19 2.126
Deuteronomy 14 2.104
Esther 4 2.09
Genesis 7 2.075
1 Samuel 16 2.068
Jonah 3 2.062
Acts 27 2.058
Deuteronomy 6 2.047
Exodus 34 2.045
Psalms 91 2.039
Luke 4 2.036
Acts 14 2.021
Isaiah 6 2.017
Luke 21 1.999
Luke 9 1.985
Luke 6 1.985
Exodus 32 1.984
2 Corinthians 11 1.977
Acts 15 1.97
Matthew 15 1.967
Acts 8 1.957
Proverbs 3 1.946
Psalms 37 1.937
James 4 1.931
Galatians 3 1.93
John 13 1.923
Luke 22 1.9
Ephesians 6 1.883
2 Peter 2 1.872
1 Corinthians 3 1.868
Genesis 3 1.86
Romans 6 1.836
2 Timothy 3 1.831
John 1 1.831
1 Corinthians 10 1.802
Psalms 119 1.732
Hebrews 12 1.724
Diversity: 0.72
Evenness: 0.961
Verse Prominence
Matthew 4.1 39.987
Romans 6.3 19.982
Ephesians 6.11 19.978
Genesis 3.15 19.95
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase