Obedience perpetually due to kings, because the kingly power is inseparable from the one kings person. Delivered in a sermon to Mr. Peter Gunning's congregation in Exeter Chappel, near the Savoy, on the appointed Thanksgiving-day, June 28. 1660. By William Towers, Batchelor in Divinity, and curate at Upton near Northampton.

Towers, William, 1617?-1666
Publisher: printed by R D for Thomas Rooks and are to be sold at his shop at the sign of the Holy Lamb at the east end of S Paul s
Place of Publication: London
Publication Year: 1660
Approximate Era: CharlesII
TCP ID: A94767 ESTC ID: R207897 STC ID: T1960
Subject Headings: Sermons, English -- 17th century;
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Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 6.0% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 3.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 90.8% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.5% -inf%
NonLatinAlphabet Percentage of units with a NonLatinAlphabet placeholder 0.9% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 8.7% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.7% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 1.8% -inf%
foreign_cited Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.5% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent citation 0.5% -inf%
foreign_italicized_cited_exact Percentage of units with QP, italicized foreign text, and an adjacent matching citation 0.5% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.889
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Vulgate) 9.429
Old Testament (ODRV) 4.742
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 2.559
Old Testament (Geneva) 1.177
New Testament (Tyndale) 1.09
New Testament (Geneva) 0.053
New Testament (ODRV) -0.027
Old Testament (AKJV) -0.935
New Testament (AKJV) -1.317
Diversity: 0.938
Evenness: 1.0
Book Prominence
Daniel (Vulgate) 6.241
Daniel (ODRV) 6.115
1 Kings (Douay-Rheims) 5.974
Ezekiel (Douay-Rheims) 5.91
1 Samuel (AKJV) 5.831
1 Peter (ODRV) 5.816
1 Peter (Tyndale) 5.761
Genesis (ODRV) 5.703
1 Peter (Geneva) 5.668
Galatians (ODRV) 5.665
1 Peter (AKJV) 5.463
Romans (Tyndale) 5.263
Romans (ODRV) 5.0
Psalms (Geneva) 4.435
Romans (AKJV) 4.407
Psalms (AKJV) 3.469
Diversity: 0.947
Evenness: 1.0
Chapter Prominence
Daniel 6 (Vulgate) 5.26
1 Samuel 16 (AKJV) 5.253
Daniel 6 (ODRV) 5.251
1 Kings 16 (Douay-Rheims) 5.251
Ezekiel 3 (Douay-Rheims) 5.248
Ezekiel 33 (Douay-Rheims) 5.235
Psalms 21 (AKJV) 5.226
Psalms 89 (Geneva) 5.21
Genesis 1 (ODRV) 5.199
Galatians 1 (ODRV) 5.194
Psalms 89 (AKJV) 5.179
1 Peter 2 (ODRV) 5.142
Psalms 82 (AKJV) 5.137
1 Peter 2 (Geneva) 5.125
Romans 13 (ODRV) 5.105
1 Peter 2 (Tyndale) 5.102
1 Peter 2 (AKJV) 5.098
Romans 13 (Tyndale) 5.097
Romans 13 (AKJV) 4.902
Diversity: 0.955
Evenness: 1.0
Verse Prominence
1 Kings 16.9 (Douay-Rheims) 4.545
Psalms 89.13 (AKJV) 4.544
Ezekiel 33.14 (Douay-Rheims) 4.544
1 Samuel 16.12 (AKJV) 4.544
Daniel 6.21 (ODRV) 4.543
Ezekiel 3.19 (Douay-Rheims) 4.543
Daniel 6.21 (Vulgate) 4.542
Genesis 1.16 (ODRV) 4.541
Psalms 89.20 (AKJV) 4.54
Psalms 89.20 (Geneva) 4.539
Romans 13.3 (ODRV) 4.536
Psalms 21.1 (AKJV) 4.532
1 Peter 2.14 (AKJV) 4.524
Romans 13.1 (ODRV) 4.521
1 Peter 2.13 (ODRV) 4.52
1 Peter 2.13 (Tyndale) 4.518
Galatians 1.5 (ODRV) 4.515
1 Peter 2.13 (Geneva) 4.51
Romans 13.1 (Tyndale) 4.477
Psalms 82.6 (AKJV) 4.462
Romans 13.2 (AKJV) 4.436
Romans 13.1 (AKJV) 4.43
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.444
Evenness: 0.918
Part Prominence
New Testament 18.472
Old Testament -14.001
Diversity: 0.911
Evenness: 0.989
Book Prominence
Romans 11.43
Judges 6.595
2 Kings 6.374
Daniel 6.357
1 Kings 6.216
Ezekiel 6.088
2 Samuel 6.078
1 Samuel 5.91
1 Peter 5.661
Genesis 5.067
1 Corinthians 4.402
Psalms 2.521
Diversity: 0.953
Evenness: 0.995
Chapter Prominence
Romans 13 8.006
2 Kings 11 4.317
2 Kings 9 4.292
1 Samuel 16 4.289
Judges 9 4.288
Ezekiel 3 4.279
2 Samuel 7 4.279
Psalms 44 4.278
1 Kings 1 4.277
Psalms 21 4.271
Daniel 5 4.261
Daniel 6 4.252
Psalms 33 4.238
Psalms 89 4.23
Psalms 118 4.213
Daniel 4 4.212
Psalms 18 4.191
Genesis 1 4.184
1 Corinthians 9 4.184
Romans 4 4.178
Psalms 82 4.175
1 Peter 2 3.852
Diversity: 0.96
Evenness: 0.996
Verse Prominence
Romans 13.1 7.175
2 Kings 11.21 3.703
Daniel 5.10 3.703
2 Kings 9.13 3.703
Daniel 6.6 3.702
Psalms 18.34 3.701
Psalms 89.13 3.701
Psalms 118.14 3.701
Judges 9.2 3.701
1 Kings 1.34 3.701
Psalms 89.22 3.701
Daniel 4.31 3.7
Genesis 1.16 3.698
Ezekiel 3.18 3.698
2 Samuel 7.8 3.698
Psalms 21.1 3.697
Psalms 33.9 3.697
Psalms 89.20 3.696
Psalms 44.6 3.695
1 Samuel 16.1 3.695
Genesis 1.2 3.694
Romans 4.17 3.692
1 Corinthians 9.16 3.684
Romans 13.2 3.585
Romans 13.4 3.557
1 Peter 2.13 3.555
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase