Early English Printed Sermons


A firebrand pluckt out of the burning. A sermon preached at Margarets Westminster, before the Honourable House of Commons, at their late solemn fast, Novemb. 27. 1644. By Benjamin Pickering, Minister of Gods Word at Buckstead in Sussex: and a member of the Assembly of Divines. Published by order of the said house.

Pickering, Benjamin
Publisher: Printed by I L for Philemon Stephens and Samuel Gellibrand in Pauls Church yard
Place of Publication: London
Publication Year: 1644
Approximate Era: CivilWar
TCP ID: A90672 ESTC ID: R18962 STC ID: P2150
Subject Headings: Bible. -- O.T. -- Zechariah III, 2; Fast-day sermons -- 17th century;
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Textual Features and Statistics

Nota Bene: QP stands for "quotation/paraphrase." A "unit" stands for a segment produced by EEPS' segmentation unit or an individual marginal note. Adjacent references are those that are located in the same or adjacent segment or note. Chapter-level citations are relevant if the chapter matches that of the query. For book-level queries, all references to the same Bible book are relevant. A "Latin Bible QP" is a quotation or paraphrase of any verse from a Bible that follows the Latin Vulgate tradition: the Vulgate, Douay-Rheims Version, the ODRV, and Wycliffe's version.
Feature Description In-Text Marginal
cited Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent citation 16.4% -inf%
cited_exact Percentage of units with QP and an adjacent matching citation 9.7% -inf%
originality Percentage of units that do not exhibit scriptural text reuse 75.4% 100.0%
Foreign Percentage of units with foreign text 0.2% -inf%
Italicization Percentage of units with italicized spans of text 9.1% -inf%
sim_score Average cosine similarity score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
cross_score Average cross encoder score of top Bible verse predictions per unit 0.8% -inf%
near_quotations Percentage of units that have high lexical similarity with their Bible verse predictions (any type of score greater than the mean + standard deviation of that score type) 8.2% -inf%
foreign_italicized Percentage of units with QP and foreign italicized text 0.2% -inf%



Quotations and Paraphrases

Rather than examine the frequency or proportion of references, it is far more useful to determine which references are most prominent for a citing entity. The visualizations below show the most prominent scriptural references within all publications per year. Prominence, displayed as the value below each label, is measured using the metric of Outgoing Relative Citational Prominence (ORCP) proposed by Wahle et al. (2023). In this case, a positive prominence value for a reference R in a given year means that R constitutes a greater percentage of all the references cited by publications in that year than the average citation percentage of R per year. A negative value indicates that a given reference constitutes a proportion lesser than average. A value of negative infinity means that the query reference does not occur in the citation or QP of a citing entity. A value of "%" (without any numeral value) means that there are no citations or QP corresponding to the query reference.

For quotational prominence, only the predictions with the highest cosine similarity scores for each subsegmented or whole unit of a segment or note are included for consideration. The average quotational prominence for a citing entity is the mean of the prominence percentage points for all references R_ALL that are relevant to the query reference such that each reference R in R_ALL has the highest cosine similarity score with a part or the whole of its covering body segment or marginal note. The percentages of top predictions from each Bible version are displayed in a table below.

For citational prominence, only pluasible scriptural citations and ones where the original phrase does not begin with a lowercase word are included for consideration. A scriptural citation is plausible if its numbering exists in any of the Bibles considered by this project. There are over 76 thousand such excluded candidates out of 1.2 million parsed citational units in total. Each of the four side-by-side tables below also have associated diversity and evenness scores; Simpson's Diversity Index ranges from 0 to 1 such that a higher score indicates a greater species diversity. Likewise, the Shannon Index indicates more evenness in the distribution of individuals in a group when its value approaches 1.


Diversity: 0.903
Evenness: 0.988
Part Prominence
Old Testament (Douay-Rheims) 8.115
Apocrypha (ODRV) 7.004
Apocrypha (Douay-Rheims) 4.93
Apocrypha (AKJV) 3.776
Old Testament (ODRV) 1.964
Old Testament (Geneva) -1.601
New Testament (Tyndale) -1.688
New Testament (Geneva) -2.725
New Testament (ODRV) -2.804
Old Testament (AKJV) -3.713
New Testament (AKJV) -4.094
Diversity: 0.983
Evenness: 0.996
Book Prominence
Joel (AKJV) 3.026
Ephesians (Geneva) 2.323
Isaiah (Douay-Rheims) 2.249
Ruth (AKJV) 1.529
2 Maccabees (Douay-Rheims) 1.514
Nehemiah (Douay-Rheims) 1.507
Nehemiah (Geneva) 1.494
Habakkuk (Geneva) 1.482
1 Chronicles (Geneva) 1.482
Baruch (ODRV) 1.452
Joshua (Geneva) 1.447
Habakkuk (AKJV) 1.437
Zechariah (Douay-Rheims) 1.424
Judges (Geneva) 1.411
Numbers (Geneva) 1.38
Hosea (Douay-Rheims) 1.375
Zechariah (AKJV) 1.365
Amos (AKJV) 1.364
Leviticus (Douay-Rheims) 1.347
Canticles (AKJV) 1.322
1 Samuel (Geneva) 1.32
Jude (AKJV) 1.3
2 Esdras (AKJV) 1.298
Numbers (AKJV) 1.291
Leviticus (AKJV) 1.287
Ezekiel (Geneva) 1.284
Hosea (AKJV) 1.252
Lamentations (AKJV) 1.244
Exodus (ODRV) 1.229
Ezekiel (Douay-Rheims) 1.222
Ezekiel (AKJV) 1.192
Revelation (Tyndale) 1.183
2 Peter (Geneva) 1.168
Exodus (Geneva) 1.122
Jeremiah (Geneva) 1.113
1 Thessalonians (AKJV) 1.112
Galatians (Geneva) 1.079
Jeremiah (Douay-Rheims) 1.07
Revelation (Geneva) 1.05
Revelation (ODRV) 1.009
Exodus (AKJV) 0.979
Jeremiah (AKJV) 0.909
Galatians (AKJV) 0.891
Ecclesiasticus (Douay-Rheims) 0.885
Job (Geneva) 0.863
Hebrews (ODRV) 0.851
Genesis (AKJV) 0.664
Isaiah (Geneva) 0.657
Ephesians (AKJV) 0.612
Job (AKJV) 0.569
Hebrews (AKJV) 0.535
John (AKJV) 0.378
1 Corinthians (ODRV) 0.373
Luke (AKJV) 0.365
Psalms (ODRV) 0.352
Isaiah (AKJV) 0.28
Proverbs (AKJV) 0.159
Matthew (AKJV) 0.048
1 Corinthians (AKJV) -0.005
Psalms (Geneva) -0.252
Psalms (AKJV) -1.219
Diversity: 0.99
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Isaiah 54 (Douay-Rheims) 1.773
Joel 2 (AKJV) 1.763
Psalms 132 (AKJV) 1.748
Psalms 78 (AKJV) 1.669
Ephesians 4 (Geneva) 1.527
Zechariah 3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.89
Nehemiah 2 (Geneva) 0.89
Ezekiel 19 (AKJV) 0.89
Ruth 3 (AKJV) 0.889
Zechariah 3 (AKJV) 0.889
Leviticus 2 (AKJV) 0.889
Jeremiah 15 (Geneva) 0.888
1 Chronicles 12 (Geneva) 0.888
Ezekiel 23 (AKJV) 0.888
Isaiah 52 (Geneva) 0.887
Nehemiah 4 (Douay-Rheims) 0.886
Leviticus 10 (Douay-Rheims) 0.886
Judges 9 (Geneva) 0.886
Numbers 25 (AKJV) 0.886
Ezekiel 37 (AKJV) 0.885
Ezekiel 19 (Geneva) 0.883
Ezekiel 22 (Douay-Rheims) 0.883
2 Maccabees 7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.883
Ezekiel 11 (Douay-Rheims) 0.881
Revelation 12 (Tyndale) 0.881
Job 39 (AKJV) 0.881
Ecclesiasticus 43 (Douay-Rheims) 0.88
Zechariah 14 (AKJV) 0.88
Jeremiah 51 (Douay-Rheims) 0.88
Numbers 14 (Geneva) 0.879
Isaiah 30 (Douay-Rheims) 0.879
Lamentations 2 (AKJV) 0.878
Isaiah 66 (AKJV) 0.878
Psalms 86 (ODRV) 0.878
Joshua 1 (Geneva) 0.878
Canticles 8 (AKJV) 0.877
Jeremiah 4 (Geneva) 0.877
Exodus 32 (ODRV) 0.877
Exodus 3 (ODRV) 0.877
Ezekiel 22 (AKJV) 0.877
Job 16 (AKJV) 0.877
Psalms 48 (Geneva) 0.877
Isaiah 42 (Geneva) 0.877
Isaiah 62 (Douay-Rheims) 0.877
1 Samuel 12 (Geneva) 0.876
Jeremiah 4 (AKJV) 0.875
Psalms 76 (ODRV) 0.875
Isaiah 14 (AKJV) 0.875
Hosea 14 (AKJV) 0.875
Isaiah 29 (Geneva) 0.874
Revelation 16 (ODRV) 0.874
Exodus 17 (Geneva) 0.874
Isaiah 43 (Geneva) 0.873
Isaiah 49 (AKJV) 0.873
Jeremiah 51 (AKJV) 0.873
Job 41 (AKJV) 0.873
Hosea 6 (Douay-Rheims) 0.872
Isaiah 44 (Geneva) 0.872
Numbers 14 (AKJV) 0.872
Isaiah 54 (AKJV) 0.871
Job 38 (Geneva) 0.871
Amos 6 (AKJV) 0.871
Isaiah 30 (Geneva) 0.87
Ecclesiasticus 28 (Douay-Rheims) 0.869
Psalms 135 (AKJV) 0.868
Habakkuk 2 (Geneva) 0.866
Revelation 12 (Geneva) 0.864
Jeremiah 6 (AKJV) 0.864
Zechariah 12 (AKJV) 0.864
Psalms 19 (Geneva) 0.863
Genesis 19 (AKJV) 0.863
Hosea 13 (AKJV) 0.863
Lamentations 1 (AKJV) 0.862
Isaiah 26 (Geneva) 0.861
Jeremiah 3 (AKJV) 0.861
Job 14 (Geneva) 0.86
Baruch 6 (ODRV) 0.86
1 Thessalonians 2 (AKJV) 0.858
2 Esdras 16 (AKJV) 0.857
Leviticus 26 (AKJV) 0.857
Psalms 85 (Geneva) 0.857
Psalms 109 (AKJV) 0.855
Habakkuk 2 (AKJV) 0.853
Exodus 15 (AKJV) 0.851
Psalms 66 (AKJV) 0.85
Psalms 102 (AKJV) 0.85
Isaiah 40 (Geneva) 0.842
2 Peter 2 (Geneva) 0.842
Psalms 94 (AKJV) 0.838
John 11 (AKJV) 0.833
Luke 19 (AKJV) 0.833
Proverbs 18 (AKJV) 0.823
Isaiah 40 (AKJV) 0.823
Psalms 68 (AKJV) 0.819
Isaiah 26 (AKJV) 0.819
Galatians 3 (Geneva) 0.817
Matthew 13 (AKJV) 0.805
Psalms 34 (AKJV) 0.799
Galatians 3 (AKJV) 0.788
Hebrews 12 (ODRV) 0.782
Hebrews 12 (AKJV) 0.764
1 Thessalonians 5 (AKJV) 0.725
Galatians 5 (AKJV) 0.725
Jude 1 (AKJV) 0.711
1 Corinthians 11 (AKJV) 0.707
1 Corinthians 15 (ODRV) 0.576
Ephesians 4 (AKJV) 0.54
Diversity: 0.991
Evenness: 0.996
Verse Prominence
Joel 2.3 (AKJV) 1.561
Psalms 78.21 (AKJV) 1.561
Jeremiah 4.22 (AKJV) 1.559
Isaiah 54.13 (Douay-Rheims) 1.558
Psalms 132.13 (AKJV) 1.558
Ephesians 4.3 (Geneva) 1.45
Ephesians 4.3 (AKJV) 1.45
Jeremiah 4.23 (Geneva) 0.781
Jeremiah 4.23 (AKJV) 0.781
Zechariah 3.1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.781
1 Thessalonians 2.18 (AKJV) 0.781
Lamentations 1.13 (AKJV) 0.781
Lamentations 2.3 (AKJV) 0.781
Jeremiah 6.29 (AKJV) 0.781
Exodus 15.13 (AKJV) 0.781
Exodus 32.11 (ODRV) 0.781
Numbers 14.15 (Geneva) 0.781
Numbers 14.16 (AKJV) 0.781
Nehemiah 4.4 (Douay-Rheims) 0.781
Isaiah 40.28 (Geneva) 0.781
Leviticus 10.6 (Douay-Rheims) 0.781
Ezekiel 19.11 (AKJV) 0.781
Jeremiah 15.5 (Geneva) 0.781
Ezekiel 22.19 (AKJV) 0.781
Ezekiel 22.21 (AKJV) 0.781
Ezekiel 22.22 (Douay-Rheims) 0.781
Ezekiel 11.3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.781
Zechariah 3.7 (AKJV) 0.781
Ecclesiasticus 28.26 (Douay-Rheims) 0.781
Isaiah 49.19 (AKJV) 0.781
Zechariah 12.6 (AKJV) 0.781
Zechariah 14.12 (AKJV) 0.781
Isaiah 52.12 (Geneva) 0.781
Ezekiel 23.47 (AKJV) 0.781
2 Maccabees 7.19 (Douay-Rheims) 0.781
Job 41.8 (AKJV) 0.781
Judges 9.20 (Geneva) 0.781
Jeremiah 4.21 (AKJV) 0.781
Numbers 25.4 (AKJV) 0.781
Job 39.23 (AKJV) 0.781
Psalms 66.10 (AKJV) 0.78
John 11.42 (AKJV) 0.78
Isaiah 29.8 (Geneva) 0.78
Ezekiel 37.11 (AKJV) 0.78
Ecclesiasticus 43.31 (Douay-Rheims) 0.78
Psalms 135.14 (AKJV) 0.78
Isaiah 44.27 (Geneva) 0.78
Isaiah 14.27 (AKJV) 0.78
Nehemiah 4.3 (Douay-Rheims) 0.78
Nehemiah 2.20 (Geneva) 0.78
1 Samuel 12.22 (Geneva) 0.78
Ruth 3.18 (AKJV) 0.78
Isaiah 66.9 (AKJV) 0.78
Ezekiel 19.14 (AKJV) 0.78
Ezekiel 19.14 (Geneva) 0.78
Ezekiel 22.20 (AKJV) 0.78
Job 16.21 (AKJV) 0.78
Psalms 48.6 (Geneva) 0.78
Hosea 13.13 (AKJV) 0.78
Jeremiah 51.8 (Douay-Rheims) 0.78
Jeremiah 51.8 (AKJV) 0.78
Isaiah 30.9 (Geneva) 0.78
Isaiah 42.4 (Geneva) 0.78
Job 39.21 (AKJV) 0.78
Jeremiah 3.19 (AKJV) 0.78
Hebrews 12.28 (ODRV) 0.779
Isaiah 54.12 (AKJV) 0.779
Psalms 109.6 (AKJV) 0.779
Exodus 15.10 (AKJV) 0.779
Isaiah 40.2 (AKJV) 0.779
Isaiah 30.33 (Douay-Rheims) 0.779
Isaiah 54.11 (AKJV) 0.779
Leviticus 2.13 (AKJV) 0.779
Joshua 1.18 (Geneva) 0.779
Galatians 3.4 (AKJV) 0.779
Revelation 12.7 (Tyndale) 0.779
Revelation 16.10 (ODRV) 0.779
Canticles 8.7 (AKJV) 0.778
1 Thessalonians 5.9 (AKJV) 0.778
Canticles 8.6 (AKJV) 0.778
2 Peter 2.6 (Geneva) 0.778
1 Chronicles 12.32 (Geneva) 0.778
Jeremiah 4.22 (Geneva) 0.778
Psalms 68.13 (AKJV) 0.777
Proverbs 18.19 (AKJV) 0.777
Revelation 12.7 (Geneva) 0.777
Hosea 6.1 (Douay-Rheims) 0.777
Leviticus 26.3 (AKJV) 0.777
Psalms 94.14 (AKJV) 0.777
Galatians 3.4 (Geneva) 0.777
Job 14.12 (Geneva) 0.776
Exodus 15.9 (AKJV) 0.776
Psalms 102.13 (AKJV) 0.776
Job 38.11 (Geneva) 0.776
2 Esdras 16.9 (AKJV) 0.776
Matthew 13.58 (AKJV) 0.776
Luke 19.14 (AKJV) 0.776
Galatians 5.15 (AKJV) 0.776
Psalms 19.5 (Geneva) 0.775
Psalms 34.3 (AKJV) 0.775
Isaiah 26.19 (Geneva) 0.774
Hosea 14.2 (AKJV) 0.774
Isaiah 43.2 (Geneva) 0.773
Amos 6.3 (AKJV) 0.773
Habakkuk 2.14 (AKJV) 0.773
Habakkuk 2.14 (Geneva) 0.773
1 Corinthians 11.32 (AKJV) 0.772
Baruch 6.37 (ODRV) 0.772
Exodus 3.2 (ODRV) 0.772
Psalms 76.10 (ODRV) 0.771
Exodus 17.11 (Geneva) 0.771
Isaiah 62.7 (Douay-Rheims) 0.771
Psalms 86.3 (ODRV) 0.77
Isaiah 26.11 (AKJV) 0.77
Genesis 19.24 (AKJV) 0.769
Jude 1.23 (AKJV) 0.768
Hebrews 12.29 (AKJV) 0.764
Hebrews 12.29 (ODRV) 0.764
Psalms 85.10 (Geneva) 0.756
Ephesians 4.5 (AKJV) 0.745
1 Corinthians 15.56 (ODRV) 0.741
Segment No., Location Verse & Version Verse Text Text Is a Partial Textual Segment/Note Adjacent References Cosine Similarity Score Cross Encoder Score Okapi BM25 Score



Citations
i
The index of citation indicates its position within the text of the segment or a particular note of the segment. For example, if 'Note 0' (i.e., the first note) of this segment has three citations, the citation with index 0 is its first citation, inclusive of all its parsed components.

Diversity: 0.5
Evenness: 1.0
Part Prominence
Old Testament 2.666
New Testament 1.805
Diversity: 0.969
Evenness: 0.997
Book Prominence
Amos 5.205
Nahum 2.802
Haggai 2.678
Joel 2.584
Ezra 2.527
Habakkuk 2.465
Nehemiah 2.396
1 Chronicles 2.333
Lamentations 2.248
Canticles 2.245
Malachi 2.144
Joshua 2.066
Zechariah 2.021
Leviticus 1.966
1 Thessalonians 1.863
Judges 1.844
Hosea 1.744
Mark 1.635
Daniel 1.606
Numbers 1.512
Ezekiel 1.337
1 Samuel 1.159
Galatians 1.122
Exodus 0.826
Revelation 0.815
Deuteronomy 0.81
Jeremiah 0.7
Job 0.699
Hebrews 0.156
John -0.265
Isaiah -0.44
Matthew -1.239
Psalms -2.23
Diversity: 0.987
Evenness: 0.997
Chapter Prominence
Psalms 138 2.348
Amos 4 2.326
Jeremiah 6 2.288
Ezra 5 1.185
1 Chronicles 14 1.185
Ezekiel 19 1.182
Ezekiel 29 1.179
Job 41 1.172
1 Chronicles 12 1.171
Nahum 1 1.166
Job 39 1.166
Nehemiah 2 1.166
Zechariah 14 1.162
Ezekiel 24 1.16
Nehemiah 4 1.158
Zechariah 3 1.153
Numbers 21 1.153
Ezekiel 37 1.151
Exodus 10 1.151
Psalms 124 1.147
Canticles 8 1.143
Leviticus 10 1.139
Zechariah 4 1.135
Isaiah 14 1.133
Judges 9 1.131
Haggai 2 1.129
Revelation 16 1.128
1 Thessalonians 1 1.127
Ezekiel 20 1.127
Isaiah 27 1.127
Isaiah 54 1.127
Habakkuk 1 1.126
Psalms 66 1.126
Ezekiel 22 1.123
Isaiah 29 1.123
Hosea 14 1.122
Psalms 44 1.121
Psalms 102 1.12
Hosea 13 1.118
Lamentations 1 1.117
Numbers 25 1.115
Numbers 11 1.114
Isaiah 44 1.111
Jeremiah 4 1.11
Isaiah 43 1.105
Joshua 7 1.101
Isaiah 66 1.099
Numbers 23 1.098
Isaiah 63 1.097
Exodus 15 1.097
Zechariah 12 1.094
Numbers 14 1.093
Isaiah 11 1.087
Joel 2 1.086
Mark 9 1.083
Psalms 68 1.081
1 Samuel 12 1.079
Daniel 3 1.075
Jeremiah 3 1.068
Psalms 8 1.067
Revelation 12 1.066
Isaiah 40 1.06
Isaiah 49 1.052
Exodus 32 1.047
Psalms 78 1.046
Isaiah 26 1.045
Psalms 122 1.04
Revelation 1 1.038
Judges 5 1.038
Matthew 4 1.031
Psalms 82 1.018
John 11 1.002
Malachi 3 0.995
Isaiah 57 0.981
Revelation 3 0.974
Deuteronomy 32 0.967
John 6 0.943
Matthew 13 0.927
Galatians 5 0.905
Hebrews 10 0.897
Hebrews 11 0.745
Diversity: 0.984
Evenness: 0.996
Verse Prominence
Psalms 138.8 2.982
Amos 4.11 2.97
Isaiah 43.2 2.963
Isaiah 29.7 1.492
Isaiah 43.19 1.492
Isaiah 43.20 1.492
Ezekiel 29.6 1.492
Psalms 78.21 1.492
Numbers 11.3 1.492
Isaiah 49.18 1.492
Nahum 1.4 1.491
Jeremiah 4.23 1.491
Lamentations 1.13 1.491
Lamentations 1.3 1.491
Ezekiel 20.47 1.491
Judges 5.19 1.491
Exodus 10.13 1.491
Isaiah 14.24 1.491
Numbers 14.15 1.491
Numbers 14.16 1.491
Nehemiah 4.4 1.491
Isaiah 66.9 1.491
Isaiah 54.12 1.491
Hosea 13.13 1.491
Zechariah 4.8 1.491
Job 41.8 1.491
Jeremiah 4.21 1.491
Ezekiel 22.18 1.49
Zechariah 3.7 1.49
Ezra 5.1 1.49
Nehemiah 4.3 1.49
1 Samuel 12.22 1.49
Haggai 2.5 1.49
Zechariah 4.9 1.49
Revelation 16.11 1.489
Lamentations 1.2 1.489
Isaiah 14.27 1.489
Exodus 32.12 1.489
Nehemiah 4.2 1.489
Isaiah 66.5 1.489
Deuteronomy 32.36 1.488
Joel 2.3 1.488
Isaiah 63.5 1.488
Ezekiel 37.11 1.488
Deuteronomy 32.26 1.488
Deuteronomy 32.27 1.488
Isaiah 43.21 1.488
Leviticus 10.6 1.488
1 Chronicles 12.32 1.488
Exodus 15.9 1.487
Isaiah 57.16 1.487
Jeremiah 3.19 1.486
Isaiah 29.8 1.486
Isaiah 54.11 1.486
Psalms 68.13 1.486
Nehemiah 2.19 1.485
Nehemiah 2.20 1.485
Numbers 23.19 1.484
Isaiah 26.19 1.482
Isaiah 40.2 1.48
Hosea 14.2 1.479
Malachi 3.6 1.479
Zechariah 4.7 1.477
Isaiah 26.11 1.462
Segment No., Location Possible Citation Adjacent References Phrase