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ROM. 13 Chap. 7 Ver. Render to all their Dues, Tribute to whom Tribute, Custom to whom Custom.
ROM. 13 Chap. 7 Ver. Render to all their Dues, Tribute to whom Tribute, Custom to whom Custom.
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AMONG many other Things, with which the Enemies of Christianity aspers'd those who profess'd that pure and holy Religion;
AMONG many other Things, with which the Enemies of Christianity aspersed those who professed that pure and holy Religion;
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this was one, that they were of implacable and turbulent Spirits, and Enemies to the Civil Government:
this was one, that they were of implacable and turbulent Spirits, and Enemies to the Civil Government:
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For they not complying with the Heathenish Customs of Swearing by the Emperor's Genius, Sacrificing for their Safety,
For they not complying with the Heathenish Customs of Swearing by the Emperor's Genius, Sacrificing for their Safety,
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and Worshipping of them as Deities, were represented as Enemies to Caesar; and their Religion and Principles as destructive of Government.
and Worshipping of them as Deities, were represented as Enemies to Caesar; and their Religion and Principles as destructive of Government.
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Therefore, the Apostles, that they might wipe off this Aspersion, and that the Powers then in being, might not have any jealousie of Christianity,
Therefore, the Apostles, that they might wipe off this Aspersion, and that the Powers then in being, might not have any jealousy of Christianity,
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as an Enemy to their Authority and Power, took frequent occasions to inforce the Duty of Subjection to it,
as an Enemy to their authority and Power, took frequent occasions to enforce the Duty of Subjection to it,
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and of being Conscientious in the Payment of those Tributes and Customs, which were required for the Support of it,
and of being Conscientious in the Payment of those Tributes and Customs, which were required for the Support of it,
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as we find in the Text. Render to all their Dues, Tribute to whom Tribute is due, Custom to whom Custom. In discoursing on which words,
as we find in the Text. Render to all their Dues, Tribute to whom Tribute is due, Custom to whom Custom. In discoursing on which words,
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1. I shall shew what is meant by Tribute and Custom.
1. I shall show what is meant by Tribute and Custom.
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2. I shall consider the Nature of the Command, which enjoins the Payment of these Things.
2. I shall Consider the Nature of the Command, which enjoins the Payment of these Things.
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3. I shall shew the Opinion of some Eminent Divines, concerning the Obligation of this Precept.
3. I shall show the Opinion of Some Eminent Divines, Concerning the Obligation of this Precept.
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Lastly, I shall conclude with a brief Application. 1. To shew what is meant by Tribute and Custom.
Lastly, I shall conclude with a brief Application. 1. To show what is meant by Tribute and Custom.
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And hereby I understand the Legal Taxes which are appointed for the Support of the Government, under which we live, and enjoy Protection and Safety.
And hereby I understand the Legal Taxes which Are appointed for the Support of the Government, under which we live, and enjoy Protection and Safety.
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But some are more Critical in the Explication of the words, and they tell us, That Custom, denotes the Tax laid upon Trade;
But Some Are more Critical in the Explication of the words, and they tell us, That Custom, denotes the Tax laid upon Trade;
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and Tribute, that which is laid on the Persons or Estates of Men.
and Tribute, that which is laid on the Persons or Estates of Men.
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To the like purpose, Beza, and others, explain these words, That Tribute is a Polrate, Custom what is payable upon any other account.
To the like purpose, Beza, and Others, explain these words, That Tribute is a Polrate, Custom what is payable upon any other account.
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And having shew'd what is meant by Tribute and Custom. I come in the 2d. Place;
And having showed what is meant by Tribute and Custom. I come in the 2d. Place;
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to consider the Nature of the Command, which injoins the Payment of these Things.
to Consider the Nature of the Command, which enjoins the Payment of these Things.
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And here it will appear, that this is one of the Moral Laws, and of universal Obligation. Because
And Here it will appear, that this is one of the Moral Laws, and of universal Obligation. Because
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1. It hath its foundation in the Nature of Things, being a most necessary Means for the common Safety.
1. It hath its Foundation in the Nature of Things, being a most necessary Means for the Common Safety.
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The great Principle, or Law of Nature, is the Welfare and Happiness of Mankind, and whatever is necessary to this, we are oblig'd to it by the Law of Nature.
The great Principle, or Law of Nature, is the Welfare and Happiness of Mankind, and whatever is necessary to this, we Are obliged to it by the Law of Nature.
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Now there is nothing more necessary to the Happiness of Mankind than Government.
Now there is nothing more necessary to the Happiness of Mankind than Government.
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But Government cannot subsist, and the common Peace cannot be preserv'd, without a Power and Force to defend us against the Enemies of it.
But Government cannot subsist, and the Common Peace cannot be preserved, without a Power and Force to defend us against the Enemies of it.
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And this Power cannot be maintain'd without Tributes and Customs;
And this Power cannot be maintained without Tributes and Customs;
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and hence it is evident, the Payment of them becomes due by the Law of Nature.
and hence it is evident, the Payment of them becomes due by the Law of Nature.
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And the very Heathens were not so blinded with Avarice as we are; and by the Light of Nature they were convinced of the Necessity of this Duty,
And the very heathens were not so blinded with Avarice as we Are; and by the Light of Nature they were convinced of the Necessity of this Duty,
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and the Obligations we are under for the Practice of it. Cicero stiles Tribute the Support of War, and the Sinews of the Common-Wealth.
and the Obligations we Are under for the Practice of it. Cicero stile Tribute the Support of War, and the Sinews of the commonwealth.
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And Menenius Agrippa in Levie declares, inevitable Ruine must needs follow the denying of Tribute for the Support of Government. But
And Menenius Agrippa in Levy declares, inevitable Ruin must needs follow the denying of Tribute for the Support of Government. But
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2. The Apostle, in the Verse before the Text, saith, That Governours are God's Ministers, attending continually on that very Thing.
2. The Apostle, in the Verse before the Text, Says, That Governors Are God's Ministers, attending continually on that very Thing.
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That is, they spend their Time and their Strength for the Good of the Common-Wealth: they undergo great Care and Trouble;
That is, they spend their Time and their Strength for the Good of the commonwealth: they undergo great Care and Trouble;
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are expos'd to great Hazards and Dangers, that we may enjoy the Comforts of this Life,
Are exposed to great Hazards and Dangers, that we may enjoy the Comforts of this Life,
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and sit quiet under our Vines and our Fig-trees.
and fit quiet under our Vines and our Figtrees.
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And for this cause, saith the Apostle, pay you Tribute also; and in the Text, Render, therefore, Tribute to whom Tribute is due. And for this cause, Says the Apostle, pay you Tribute also; and in the Text, Render, Therefore, Tribute to whom Tribute is due.
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So that the Apostle inferring this Duty from the consideration of the Industry and Diligence, the Care and Trouble, which Governours undergo in the discharge of their Office, it is an Act of Commutative Justice;
So that the Apostle inferring this Duty from the consideration of the Industry and Diligence, the Care and Trouble, which Governors undergo in the discharge of their Office, it is an Act of Commutative justice;
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and upon this account, as well as that before mentioned, it is a part of the Law of Nature,
and upon this account, as well as that before mentioned, it is a part of the Law of Nature,
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and by which all Men are oblig'd. And of this Nature
and by which all Men Are obliged. And of this Nature
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3. It will appear to be, because it is, a proof of our Subjection to the Government, under which we live.
3. It will appear to be, Because it is, a proof of our Subjection to the Government, under which we live.
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It is by the Apostle conjoined with the Precepts for Subjection, mentioned in the former Verses,
It is by the Apostle conjoined with the Precepts for Subjection, mentioned in the former Verses,
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and the denying of this Tribute disowns the Authority, by which it is injoined.
and the denying of this Tribute disowns the authority, by which it is enjoined.
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So that if Subjection to Government be a moral Duty, this must needs be so too.
So that if Subjection to Government be a moral Duty, this must needs be so too.
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And having shew'd, that the Duty in the Text is a Branch of the Law of Nature, I proceed in the
And having showed, that the Duty in the Text is a Branch of the Law of Nature, I proceed in the
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3d. Place, to shew what the Opinion of the most eminent Divines, both Ancient and Modern, hath been concerning the Obligation of this Precept,3d. Place, to show what the Opinion of the most eminent Divines, both Ancient and Modern, hath been Concerning the Obligation of this Precept,
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whether it bind the Conscience for paying those Tributes and Customs, which are imposed by Law or not.
whither it bind the Conscience for paying those Tributes and Customs, which Are imposed by Law or not.
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Justin Martyr, who liv'd so nigh the Apostles, that he was stiled one of their Disciples, in his Apology to the Emperor Antoninus, doth not only mention the peaceable Subjection of the Christians to the Emperor, their constant prayers for his Health, Justin Martyr, who lived so High the Apostles, that he was styled one of their Disciples, in his Apology to the Emperor Antoninus, does not only mention the peaceable Subjection of the Christians to the Emperor, their constant Prayers for his Health,
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and the Prosperity of the Government;
and the Prosperity of the Government;
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but also their conscientious paying of the Tribute, for the Support of the Empire, and this as oblig'd to it by the command of Christ, To render to Caesar the things that are Caesars.
but also their conscientious paying of the Tribute, for the Support of the Empire, and this as obliged to it by the command of christ, To render to Caesar the things that Are Caesars.
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Not long after this, another Apology was written for the Christians by Tertullian: and he saith, they paid the Tribute, with the same Fidelity, with which they abstain'd from all Frauds, thereby declaring it was as much against their consciences to be guilty of publick as private Frauds.
Not long After this, Another Apology was written for the Christians by Tertullian: and he Says, they paid the Tribute, with the same Fidis, with which they abstained from all Frauds, thereby declaring it was as much against their Consciences to be guilty of public as private Frauds.
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And St. Ambrose, (or whoever was the Author of those Commentaries on the Epistle to the Romans, which go under his Name) speaking of the reason why St. Paul commands the paying of Tribute before Honour, saith, Quia Major Causa aut major necessitas, Because there is greater Reason or greater Necessity for it.
And Saint Ambrose, (or whoever was the Author of those Commentaries on the Epistle to the Roman, which go under his Name) speaking of the reason why Saint Paul commands the paying of Tribute before Honour, Says, Quia Major Causa Or Major Necessity, Because there is greater Reason or greater Necessity for it.
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The legal Revenue is the Strength and Sinews of the Government; and the with-holding of this, weakens it, and exposeth it to contempt:
The Legal Revenue is the Strength and Sinews of the Government; and the withholding of this, weakens it, and exposeth it to contempt:
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It tends to make a Prince a Beggar. This is, therefore, of greater moment, than giving to Kings bended Knees, or pompous Titles;
It tends to make a Prince a Beggar. This is, Therefore, of greater moment, than giving to Kings bent Knees, or pompous Titles;
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these, without the other, are little better than Mockery or Scorn;
these, without the other, Are little better than Mockery or Scorn;
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little better than the Soldiers honouring of Christ, when they bended the Knee, and said, Hail King of the Jews.
little better than the Soldiers honouring of christ, when they bent the Knee, and said, Hail King of the jews.
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But I proceed to consider the Opinion of some Modern Divines, who liv'd since the Reformation,
But I proceed to Consider the Opinion of Some Modern Divines, who lived since the Reformation,
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and who have greater Authority with some than more ancient Writers;
and who have greater authority with Some than more ancient Writers;
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and therefore, I shall give you some account of them, both Foreign and of our Church and Nation.
and Therefore, I shall give you Some account of them, both Foreign and of our Church and nation.
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Calvin speaks plainly for it in his Commentary on the Text, he joins this with other Duties to be perform'd to our Governours, not by compulsion, calvin speaks plainly for it in his Commentary on the Text, he joins this with other Duties to be performed to our Governors, not by compulsion,
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but as an acceptable Service to God.
but as an acceptable Service to God.
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Peter Martyr, who came into England, and was highly instrumental in our Reformation, speaking of the paying Tributes legally impos'd, admires, Quo Jure & ratione, by what Law, Peter Martyr, who Come into England, and was highly instrumental in our Reformation, speaking of the paying Tributes legally imposed, admires, Quo Jure & ratione, by what Law,
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or upon what account, any can think themselves exempted from it. Aretius, in his Common Places, hath a large Tract on this Subject;
or upon what account, any can think themselves exempted from it. Aretius, in his Common Places, hath a large Tract on this Subject;
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and he proves, by many Arguments, that Men ought to pay the Tributes and Customs by lawful Authority imposed on them,
and he Proves, by many Arguments, that Men ought to pay the Tributes and Customs by lawful authority imposed on them,
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and this not propter Iram, for fear of the Penalty of the Law, sed ut conscientiae satisfaciamus coram Deo, that we may keep a good conscience towards God.
and this not propter Iram, for Fear of the Penalty of the Law, sed ut conscientiae satisfaciamus coram God, that we may keep a good conscience towards God.
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The same may be found in the Works of Episcopius, who fully answers the Objections that can be made to exempt the consciences of Men from the Obligation of this Precept.
The same may be found in the Works of Episcopius, who Fully answers the Objections that can be made to exempt the Consciences of Men from the Obligation of this Precept.
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I might have given you large Citations from Grotius, Gerhard, Philip of Limburg, but I am confined to narrow Limits,
I might have given you large Citations from Grotius, Gerhard, Philip of Limburg, but I am confined to narrow Limits,
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and must hasten to give an account of the Judgment of some learned Divines, of our own Church and Nation.
and must hasten to give an account of the Judgement of Some learned Divines, of our own Church and nation.
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The learned Bishop Taylor, in his Discourse of Laws Penal and Tributary, is plain in this case.
The learned Bishop Taylor, in his Discourse of Laws Penal and Tributary, is plain in this case.
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Tribute, saith he, is due by the Laws of Religion, where it is due by the Laws of the Nation. Tribute, Says he, is due by the Laws of Religion, where it is due by the Laws of the nation.
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And, therefore, those Persons are very regardless of their Eternal Interest, who thinks it lawful Prize whatever they can take from the Custom-House, &c.And, Therefore, those Persons Are very regardless of their Eternal Interest, who thinks it lawful Prize whatever they can take from the Custom-House, etc.
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Let no Man think that, because some Subjects Farm the Customs, and that the Portion which is concealed, doth not lessen the Incomes of the Prince, Let no Man think that, Because Some Subject's Farm the Customs, and that the Portion which is concealed, does not lessen the Incomes of the Prince,
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therefore it may be Lawful to hide from them all they can.
Therefore it may be Lawful to hide from them all they can.
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For the Farmer hath what he gets in the right of the Prince, and in his own right he hath nothing from the Subject,
For the Farmer hath what he gets in the right of the Prince, and in his own right he hath nothing from the Subject,
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but from his Supreme who is therefore bound to defend that Right, and complain of that Wrong.
but from his Supreme who is Therefore bound to defend that Right, and complain of that Wrong.
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And the Husband-Men in the Gospel, who denied to pay the Stewards of the King the Fruits of the Vineyard, which in their King's Right were demanded of them, were cast into utter Darkness. And the Husband-Men in the Gospel, who denied to pay the Stewards of the King the Fruits of the Vineyard, which in their King's Right were demanded of them, were cast into utter Darkness.
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And Mr. Baxter proposeth this case, when an Estate is intrusted with a Friend, to secure it from paying great Taxes or Tribute to the King,
And Mr. Baxter Proposeth this case, when an Estate is Entrusted with a Friend, to secure it from paying great Taxes or Tribute to the King,
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whether a Man may keep such a Trust? and he answereth, He may not, the Taxes being Just and Legal for the maintenance of the Magistrate,
whither a Man may keep such a Trust? and he Answers, He may not, the Taxes being Just and Legal for the maintenance of the Magistrate,
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or the preservation of the Common-Wealth.
or the preservation of the commonwealth.
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Now that the Non-payment of the Tribute and Customs, appointed by the Law, is an Offence, some will not deny;
Now that the Nonpayment of the Tribute and Customs, appointed by the Law, is an Offence, Some will not deny;
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but they think it hard that such Offences should be ranked with Robberies and Thefts.
but they think it hard that such Offences should be ranked with Robberies and Thefts.
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But, though this Practice may be no Theft, in a Law sense, that having not declared it Felony;
But, though this Practice may be no Theft, in a Law sense, that having not declared it Felony;
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yet, in a Scripture sense, it is no better:
yet, in a Scripture sense, it is no better:
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and for this, I could produce many Divines of great Note, who have ranked this among the Sins forbidden by the Eighth Commandment.
and for this, I could produce many Divines of great Note, who have ranked this among the Sins forbidden by the Eighth Commandment.
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Mr. Dod, in the Exposition of that Command, hath these Words: For things pertaining to the Common-Wealth, that is another kind of publick Robbery;
Mr. Dod, in the Exposition of that Command, hath these Words: For things pertaining to the commonwealth, that is Another kind of public Robbery;
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when Men that have the disposing and ordering of things, that pertain to the Common-Weal,
when Men that have the disposing and ordering of things, that pertain to the Common-Weal,
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and are to be used for the common Good, will take them to themselves, and make a private Gain of them:
and Are to be used for the Common Good, will take them to themselves, and make a private Gain of them:
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this is a foul Fault, and a high Degree of Theft, so much the more heinous,
this is a foul Fault, and a high Degree of Theft, so much the more heinous,
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because it is the more general, and greater wrong by how much it toucheth more. And Dr. Towerson, in his Explication of the Eighth Commandment, saith: Because it is the more general, and greater wrong by how much it touches more. And Dr. Towerson, in his Explication of the Eighth Commandment, Says:
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In as much as the Public is capable of a Property, as well as private Persons, in as much as it is not only capable of a Property, but cannot subsist without it; In as much as the Public is capable of a Property, as well as private Persons, in as much as it is not only capable of a Property, but cannot subsist without it;
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hence it comes to pass, there may be a theft of public Goods, as well as private;
hence it comes to pass, there may be a theft of public Goods, as well as private;
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and consequently that, as well as the other, to be concluded within the Force of the Prohibition. and consequently that, as well as the other, to be concluded within the Force of the Prohibition.
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And from hence it will follow, saith that Learned and Pious Doctor:
And from hence it will follow, Says that Learned and Pious Doctor:
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That denying just Tributes, are Entrenchments upon the Goods of the Public, and consequently proper Thefts.
That denying just Tributes, Are Entrenchments upon the Goods of the Public, and consequently proper Thefts.
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And he afterwards affirms, That As the Mischief which ariseth from publick Thefts, is much greater than that of private ones, consequently they are much more criminal.
And he afterwards affirms, That As the Mischief which arises from public Thefts, is much greater than that of private ones, consequently they Are much more criminal.
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Chemnitius, amongst the Sins forbidden by this Command, reckons the Offence which the Romans called Peculatus, and which he defines to be a Robbing of the Common-Wealth, by with-holding, Chemnitz, among the Sins forbidden by this Command, reckons the Offence which the Romans called Peculatus, and which he defines to be a Robbing of the commonwealth, by withholding,
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or not paying what is due to it.
or not paying what is due to it.
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To these, I shall only add the Judgment of two Reverend Prelates, both once well known and esteemed in this City, Bishop Hall, I mean, and Bishop Hopkins.
To these, I shall only add the Judgement of two Reverend Prelates, both once well known and esteemed in this city, Bishop Hall, I mean, and Bishop Hopkins.
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The first, in his Irrefragable Propositions, affirms:
The First, in his Irrefragable Propositions, affirms:
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That no Prejudice of another Man's Right can be so dangerous and sinful, as that Prejudice which is done to the Right of Public and Soveraign Authority.
That no Prejudice of Another Man's Right can be so dangerous and sinful, as that Prejudice which is done to the Right of Public and Sovereign authority.
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And the other, in his Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, declares:
And the other, in his Exposition of the Lord's Prayer, declares:
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That he, who detaineth any thing, which the Sentence of the Law adjudgeth to another, is guilty of Theft and Robbery.
That he, who detaineth any thing, which the Sentence of the Law adjudgeth to Another, is guilty of Theft and Robbery.
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And thus I have laid before you the Opinion of some eminent Writers, among many others that might be mentioned.
And thus I have laid before you the Opinion of Some eminent Writers, among many Others that might be mentioned.
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These Authorities, I hope, will be sufficient, especially since there is not any Protestant Author of the contrary Opinion.
These Authorities, I hope, will be sufficient, especially since there is not any Protestant Author of the contrary Opinion.
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And though a few of the Romish Casuists may be of another Judgment, this I think will give little Reputation to the Cause,
And though a few of the Romish Casuists may be of Another Judgement, this I think will give little Reputation to the Cause,
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and as little ease to a Protestant Conscience; For these are the Men who have affirmed it is Lawful to Steal in Necessity;
and as little ease to a Protestant Conscience; For these Are the Men who have affirmed it is Lawful to Steal in Necessity;
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that Servants may Steal from their Masters, when they think their Wages is not sufficient for their Labour,
that Servants may Steal from their Masters, when they think their Wages is not sufficient for their Labour,
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and have published other Opinions, so impious, that they were condemned as Pernicious and Scandalous by Pope Innocent the Eleventh, and his Cardinals.
and have published other Opinions, so impious, that they were condemned as Pernicious and Scandalous by Pope Innocent the Eleventh, and his Cardinals.
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Now this matter, as most wherein the Consciences of Men are concerned, may be consider'd with respect to many particular Cases:
Now this matter, as most wherein the Consciences of Men Are concerned, may be considered with respect to many particular Cases:
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As what Men may be oblig'd to, when the Tributes impos'd are excessive, and carry no proportion to the end for which they are given;
As what Men may be obliged to, when the Tributes imposed Are excessive, and carry no proportion to the end for which they Are given;
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as also, when we are certain they will be misapplied, not to the Advantage and Preservation,
as also, when we Are certain they will be misapplied, not to the Advantage and Preservation,
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but the Ruine of those that pay them.
but the Ruin of those that pay them.
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But I omit the consideration of these, and the like cases, in which we are not concern'd, that I may answer some Popular Objections that are made in Defence of the Non-payment of what the Law requires of us.
But I omit the consideration of these, and the like cases, in which we Are not concerned, that I may answer Some Popular Objections that Are made in Defence of the Nonpayment of what the Law requires of us.
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And one is grounded upon an obscure place of Scripture, and the Precept of the Text being plain, that ought not to be objected, but understood agreeably to it:
And one is grounded upon an Obscure place of Scripture, and the Precept of the Text being plain, that ought not to be objected, but understood agreeably to it:
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However, I will briefly consider it. And the place is in the 17. cap. of St. Matth. from the 24. v. to the end.
However, I will briefly Consider it. And the place is in the 17. cap. of Saint Matthew from the 24. v. to the end.
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They that came to receive the Tribute Mony, came to Peter, and said, Doth your Master pay Tribute? They that Come to receive the Tribute Money, Come to Peter, and said, Does your Master pay Tribute?
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He saith, Yes. And when they came into the House, Jesus prevented him, saying, What thinkest thou, Simon? Of whom do the Kings of the Earth take Custom or Tribute, of their own Children, or of Strangers? He Says, Yes. And when they Come into the House, jesus prevented him, saying, What Thinkest thou, Simon? Of whom do the Kings of the Earth take Custom or Tribute, of their own Children, or of Strangers?
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Peter saith unto him, Of Strangers. Jesus saith unto him, then are the Children free.
Peter Says unto him, Of Strangers. jesus Says unto him, then Are the Children free.
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Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them, go to the Sea, and cast an Hook, and take up the Fish that first cometh up, Notwithstanding, lest we should offend them, go to the Sea, and cast an Hook, and take up the Fish that First comes up,
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and when thou hast opened his Mouth, thou shalt find a piece of Money, that take,
and when thou hast opened his Mouth, thou shalt find a piece of Money, that take,
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and give unto them for thee and me. Now there is a great Controversy among learned Men, What is meant by this Tribute,and give unto them for thee and me. Now there is a great Controversy among learned Men, What is meant by this Tribute,
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whether it was the half Shekel that was paid to the Temple, or some other Tribute exacted by the Roman Emperor:
whither it was the half Shekel that was paid to the Temple, or Some other Tribute exacted by the Roman Emperor:
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Whatsoever it were, it matters not much to the purpose, for which it was objected.
Whatsoever it were, it matters not much to the purpose, for which it was objected.
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Christ only mentions a Priviledg he might claim for himself and his Domestics, as he was the Son of God.
christ only mentions a Privilege he might claim for himself and his Domestics, as he was the Son of God.
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And I never heard of any that objected this Scripture, as exempting Men from paying just and legal Tributes,
And I never herd of any that objected this Scripture, as exempting Men from paying just and Legal Tributes,
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but the Pope and his Clergy, and the German Anabaptists.
but the Pope and his Clergy, and the Germane Anabaptists.
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And several of the Fathers, were so far from thinking this place would justify the with-holding of Tribute, that they inforce the Payment of it from this very Passage.
And several of the Father's, were so Far from thinking this place would justify the withholding of Tribute, that they enforce the Payment of it from this very Passage.
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And there is as little weight in another Popular Objection, as in this, That the Laws injoyning Tribute are Penal,
And there is as little weight in Another Popular Objection, as in this, That the Laws enjoining Tribute Are Penal,
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and the Suffering of the Penalty, when inflicted, satisfies the Law.
and the Suffering of the Penalty, when inflicted, Satisfies the Law.
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For Penalties are annexed to secure Obedience to Laws, and cannot justify us in the Breach of them.
For Penalties Are annexed to secure obedience to Laws, and cannot justify us in the Breach of them.
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And therefore, when Lucius Neratius gave every one he met a Box on the Ear,
And Therefore, when Lucius Neratius gave every one he met a Box on the Ear,
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and withal, paid to every one Twenty Five Asses, which was the Penalty imposed by the Law of the Twelve Tables;
and withal, paid to every one Twenty Five Asses, which was the Penalty imposed by the Law of the Twelve Tables;
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He was, notwithstanding this, judged to be a most vile and wicked Person. He was, notwithstanding this, judged to be a most vile and wicked Person.
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And this being a Duty, by the express Command of the Law of God, as well as that of Nature, it is absurd to imagine, the Obligation to it can be taken off by Suffering the Penalty annexed by a Humane Law.
And this being a Duty, by the express Command of the Law of God, as well as that of Nature, it is absurd to imagine, the Obligation to it can be taken off by Suffering the Penalty annexed by a Humane Law.
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I come now to the APPLICATION, the Last Thing Promised.
I come now to the APPLICATION, the Last Thing Promised.
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1. To those who have Transgressed this Command in the Text, by injuring the King, in with-holding what by Law and Right belongs unto him.
1. To those who have Transgressed this Command in the Text, by injuring the King, in withholding what by Law and Right belongs unto him.
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2. To those who have not been guilty of these public Frauds, but have conscientiously rendered to Caesar the things that are Caesars, as well as to God, the things that are Gods. And Last.
2. To those who have not been guilty of these public Frauds, but have conscientiously rendered to Caesar the things that Are Caesars, as well as to God, the things that Are God's And Last.
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To those who are concerned in receiving these Tributes in the Text, or are in any Place or Office, by which they are intrusted with any part of the Public Revenue.
To those who Are concerned in receiving these Tributes in the Text, or Are in any Place or Office, by which they Are Entrusted with any part of the Public Revenue.
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1. To those who have transgress'd this Command in the Text, injuring their King and their Country, by with-holding what is given by Law for their Security and Support.
1. To those who have transgressed this Command in the Text, injuring their King and their Country, by withholding what is given by Law for their Security and Support.
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Bishop Latimer, a famous Prelate and Martyr of our Church, in his Sermon, on those words, Render to Caesar the things that are Caesars, affirms, the King hath as good right to what is given by Parliament, as to any Inheritance;
Bishop Latimer, a famous Prelate and Martyr of our Church, in his Sermon, on those words, Render to Caesar the things that Are Caesars, affirms, the King hath as good right to what is given by Parliament, as to any Inheritance;
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stiles those Thieves who with-hold it; and denounceth the Damnation of Hell against them.
stile those Thieves who withhold it; and Denounceth the Damnation of Hell against them.
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And this Doctrin had such influence upon his Auditors, that several Hundred Pounds were brought to him for Restitution of Wrongs, of this Nature, done to the King,
And this Doctrine had such influence upon his Auditors, that several Hundred Pounds were brought to him for Restitution of Wrongs, of this Nature, done to the King,
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and which he faithfully paid to the Exchequer.
and which he faithfully paid to the Exchequer.
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And though I have small hopes, this weak Discourse should have the same Success, yet I must do my Duty,
And though I have small hope's, this weak Discourse should have the same Success, yet I must do my Duty,
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and leave the Success to God, and your own Consciences.
and leave the Success to God, and your own Consciences.
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If the Public be capable of a Property, if the King have as true a Right to what is given by Law,
If the Public be capable of a Property, if the King have as true a Right to what is given by Law,
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as a Private Man, to what he enjoys by Inheritance or Purchase, then have we the same obligation, to make Restitution for public as private Frauds.
as a Private Man, to what he enjoys by Inheritance or Purchase, then have we the same obligation, to make Restitution for public as private Frauds.
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Let, therefore, the Necessity of Restitution, be applied, to engage to the one as well as the other.
Let, Therefore, the Necessity of Restitution, be applied, to engage to the one as well as the other.
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If in this we are defective, Non agitur Paenitentia sed Fingitur, we do not practice Repentance, but dissemble and counterfeit it:
If in this we Are defective, Non agitur Penitence sed Fingitur, we do not practice Repentance, but dissemble and counterfeit it:
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all is but as the Sackcloth of Ahab, and the disfigured Face of a Pharisee.
all is but as the sackcloth of Ahab, and the disfigured Face of a Pharisee.
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When we have done wrong to any one, we do not truly repent, unless we undo it as much as possibly we can,
When we have done wrong to any one, we do not truly Repent, unless we undo it as much as possibly we can,
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and set the injur'd Person in the same condition we found him. Our Saviour saith, We must bring forth Fruits meet for Repentance;
and Set the injured Person in the same condition we found him. Our Saviour Says, We must bring forth Fruits meet for Repentance;
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Fructum Congruum, Fruit which is Congruous, or agreeable to Repentance, and amendment of Life.Fruit Congruum, Fruit which is Congruous, or agreeable to Repentance, and amendment of Life.
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Now when a Man hath wrong'd another by Oppression or Fraud, if he have unfeigned sorrow for this, a hatred and abhorrence of his past Injustice, is it Congruous, is it Agreeable to this, to keep what is unjustly gotten? To declaim against the Temptation,
Now when a Man hath wronged Another by Oppression or Fraud, if he have unfeigned sorrow for this, a hatred and abhorrence of his past Injustice, is it Congruous, is it Agreeable to this, to keep what is unjustly got? To declaim against the Temptation,
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and yet keep the Bait by which it prevailed;
and yet keep the Bait by which it prevailed;
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to confess wherein we have Injured the King, and not (to use the Prophet's Words) give again what we have Robbed, are not these Matters Incongruous? Are they not contrary,
to confess wherein we have Injured the King, and not (to use the Prophet's Words) give again what we have Robbed, Are not these Matters Incongruous? are they not contrary,
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and plainly incousistant one with another? We should, therefore, consider, that, unless we testify the truth of our Repentance, by making Restitution for Injuries of all kinds, we cannot expect that God will be reconciled to us:
and plainly incousistant one with Another? We should, Therefore, Consider, that, unless we testify the truth of our Repentance, by making Restitution for Injuries of all Kinds, we cannot expect that God will be reconciled to us:
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When God is reconciled, the Curse is removed, and all that he hath is sanctified to him.
When God is reconciled, the Curse is removed, and all that he hath is sanctified to him.
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Such a one, as Moses expresseth it, is blessed in the City, and blessed in the Field, the Fruit of his Ground, and the Encrease of his Kine, the Flocks,
Such a one, as Moses Expresses it, is blessed in the city, and blessed in the Field, the Fruit of his Ground, and the Increase of his Kine, the Flocks,
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and the Sheep, the Basket, and the Store, all is Blessed. and the Sheep, the Basket, and the Store, all is Blessed.
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But it is not thus, when ill gotten Goods are not restored, when our Basket is filled by Fraud,
But it is not thus, when ill got Goods Are not restored, when our Basket is filled by Fraud,
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and our Store is the Fruit of Robbery.
and our Store is the Fruit of Robbery.
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A Curse, and not a Blessing, always cleaves to ill gotten Wealth, and makes that of Solomon infallibly true;
A Curse, and not a Blessing, always cleaves to ill got Wealth, and makes that of Solomon infallibly true;
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That better is a little with Righteousness, than great Revenues without right. That better is a little with Righteousness, than great Revenues without right.
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For there is a Woe denounced against him, who encreaseth that which is not his own.
For there is a Woe denounced against him, who increases that which is not his own.
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So that if we keep that, to which we have no just Title, Trade with it,
So that if we keep that, to which we have no just Title, Trade with it,
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and Gain by it, there is a Curse goes with the Principal and Interest too:
and Gain by it, there is a Curse Goes with the Principal and Interest too:
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It enters (as another Prophet saith) into the House, remains in the mid'st of it, It enters (as Another Prophet Says) into the House, remains in the midst of it,
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and consumes it, with the Timber thereof, and the Stones thereof. A Curse cleaves to ill gotten Goods, it is most surely intail'd to the Estate,and consumes it, with the Timber thereof, and the Stones thereof. A Curse cleaves to ill got Goods, it is most surely intailed to the Estate,
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and descends with it from Generation to Generation, and is not to be cut off but by Restitution.
and descends with it from Generation to Generation, and is not to be Cut off but by Restitution.
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And till we restore these Earthly Things to which we have no Right and Title, we can have no right to the invaluable Riches of the other Life,
And till we restore these Earthly Things to which we have no Right and Title, we can have no right to the invaluable Riches of the other Life,
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as well as the Blessings of this.
as well as the Blessings of this.
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This is plain from what we read of Zacheus, the Publican, who (as was usual with Men of that Employment) had been guilty of great Injustice,
This is plain from what we read of Zacchaeus, the Publican, who (as was usual with Men of that Employment) had been guilty of great Injustice,
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and against the Emperor, in all likelihood, as well as private Persons.
and against the Emperor, in all likelihood, as well as private Persons.
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And when our Saviour went to his House, he spake not one word of comfort to him, till he declared the sincerity of his Repentance to him, by a full and ample restitution:
And when our Saviour went to his House, he spoke not one word of Comfort to him, till he declared the sincerity of his Repentance to him, by a full and ample restitution:
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Behold, half of my Goods I give to the Poor; and if I have taken any thing from any Man by false Accusation, I restore him fourfold. Behold, half of my Goods I give to the Poor; and if I have taken any thing from any Man by false Accusation, I restore him fourfold.
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Then, and not till then, Christ saith, This Day is Salvation come to thine House.
Then, and not till then, christ Says, This Day is Salvation come to thine House.
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Now let us not think, that those only who are guilty of private Frauds, are under these great and weighty Obligations to Restitution.
Now let us not think, that those only who Are guilty of private Frauds, Are under these great and weighty Obligations to Restitution.
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Can we think, that God will punish those who wrong the meanest Man, and not be avenged on those who do the same to his Vice-gerents? Their Royal Dignity highly aggravates the Violence that is done to their Persons;
Can we think, that God will Punish those who wrong the Meanest Man, and not be avenged on those who do the same to his Vicegerents? Their Royal Dignity highly aggravates the Violence that is done to their Persons;
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and so it doth the Injustice that is done to their Property.
and so it does the Injustice that is done to their Property.
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And therefore, in the Parable, with the Killing of the Heir, our Saviour joins the Seising his Inheritance,
And Therefore, in the Parable, with the Killing of the Heir, our Saviour joins the Seizing his Inheritance,
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as next to it in guilt.
as next to it in guilt.
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2. As to those who have not been guilty of these Public Frauds, but have conscientiously Rendered to Caesar the things that are Caesars, as well as to God, the things that are God's: 2. As to those who have not been guilty of these Public Frauds, but have conscientiously Rendered to Caesar the things that Are Caesars, as well as to God, the things that Are God's:
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Let such consider their happy Condition, and be ever careful to keep their Consciences void of Offence, both towards God, and towards Man.
Let such Consider their happy Condition, and be ever careful to keep their Consciences void of Offence, both towards God, and towards Man.
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Restitution is one of the most difficult Duties of Religion, and Men are very hardly perswaded to perform it sincerely and fully;
Restitution is one of the most difficult Duties of Religion, and Men Are very hardly persuaded to perform it sincerely and Fully;
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and therefore, happy are they who are not by any unjust Practices under any obligation to it.
and Therefore, happy Are they who Are not by any unjust Practices under any obligation to it.
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When, therefore, you have opportunity to enrich your selves by public as well as private Frauds, consider if you use the Opportunity,
When, Therefore, you have opportunity to enrich your selves by public as well as private Frauds, Consider if you use the Opportunity,
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and do the Wrong, all must be restored, or you are undone for ever.
and do the Wrong, all must be restored, or you Are undone for ever.
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And when the Approaches of Death and Eternity shall awaken your Consciences, with what Horror will you reflect upon your former Injustice and Dishonesty? How will those words of St. Peter terrify an Unjust Man, That he reserveth such to the Day of Judgment to be punished.
And when the Approaches of Death and Eternity shall awaken your Consciences, with what Horror will you reflect upon your former Injustice and Dishonesty? How will those words of Saint Peter terrify an Unjust Man, That he reserveth such to the Day of Judgement to be punished.
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And it will not be an easie matter so to make Restitution for Injuries, as to quiet our Consciences, there being difficult Cases, by which the mind of Man may be perplexed and disturbed.
And it will not be an easy matter so to make Restitution for Injuries, as to quiet our Consciences, there being difficult Cases, by which the mind of Man may be perplexed and disturbed.
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But Just and Honest Dealing, the excellent Rule to Render to Caesar the Things that are Caesars, as well as to God, the things that are God's, is a plain,
But Just and Honest Dealing, the excellent Rule to Render to Caesar the Things that Are Caesars, as well as to God, the things that Are God's, is a plain,
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an open, and safe way to Heaven.
an open, and safe Way to Heaven.
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And it is the highest Madness to put our selves in that Condition, in which our way to Heaven will be full of Difficulty, Perplexity, and Trouble.
And it is the highest Madness to put our selves in that Condition, in which our Way to Heaven will be full of Difficulty, Perplexity, and Trouble.
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Consider how it was with Judas, when he had received the Wages of Unrighteousness, he had no quietness in his mind,
Consider how it was with Judas, when he had received the Wages of Unrighteousness, he had no quietness in his mind,
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and in Horror he restor'd it to those from whom he received it.
and in Horror he restored it to those from whom he received it.
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And the like remorse and anguish of mind, will seize upon us, if we heap up Wealth, by the like or any other unjust or evil Practices.
And the like remorse and anguish of mind, will seize upon us, if we heap up Wealth, by the like or any other unjust or evil Practices.
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Of this Solomon hath given us fair Warning:
Of this Solomon hath given us fair Warning:
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Bread of Deceit is sweet to a Man, but afterwards his mouth shall be fill'd with Gravel. Bred of Deceit is sweet to a Man, but afterwards his Mouth shall be filled with Gravel.
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The meaning is, Men please themselves at first with the successful Arts of Fraud and Injustice:
The meaning is, Men please themselves At First with the successful Arts of Fraud and Injustice:
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But when their Consciences shall be awakened, Remorse and Horror will seise upon them, and all their Pleasure will be turned into Sorrow and Trouble.
But when their Consciences shall be awakened, Remorse and Horror will seize upon them, and all their Pleasure will be turned into Sorrow and Trouble.
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In this case, Men are like those in a Surfeit, nothing will give ease, but the Vomitting up the Load that lies upon them.
In this case, Men Are like those in a Surfeit, nothing will give ease, but the Vomiting up the Load that lies upon them.
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And what a vain Thing is it for a Man to lay those Loads on his Conscience, under which he can have no ease till he Disgorge, by discharging himself of the ill gotten Gain, which if kept, will be but a Moth to consume what is honestly gotten;
And what a vain Thing is it for a Man to lay those Loads on his Conscience, under which he can have no ease till he Disgorge, by discharging himself of the ill got Gain, which if kept, will be but a Moth to consume what is honestly got;
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and for which we must also account before the Tribunal of Christ in another World. Last.
and for which we must also account before the Tribunal of christ in Another World. Last.
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What hath been said concerning the Obligation that lies upon us, for the paying of just and legal Tributes,
What hath been said Concerning the Obligation that lies upon us, for the paying of just and Legal Tributes,
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for the Support of the Government, and the Public Peace, should also be considered by all those who are concerned in the receiving of these Tributes,
for the Support of the Government, and the Public Peace, should also be considered by all those who Are concerned in the receiving of these Tributes,
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and who are in any Place or Office, by which they are intrusted, with any part of the Public Revenue.
and who Are in any Place or Office, by which they Are Entrusted, with any part of the Public Revenue.
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When these Men are not content with their competent Stipends, and Enrich themselves by misapplying the public Treasure intrusted with them;
When these Men Are not content with their competent Stipends, and Enrich themselves by misapplying the public Treasure Entrusted with them;
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this is a greater Offence than that before mentioned. It is not only high Injustice, and, in a Scripture sense, Robbery, but Treachery;
this is a greater Offence than that before mentioned. It is not only high Injustice, and, in a Scripture sense, Robbery, but Treachery;
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and, if by Oath they are obliged to be faithful, it is Perjury too. Yet such there have been in all Ages;
and, if by Oath they Are obliged to be faithful, it is Perjury too. Yet such there have been in all Ages;
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and this made Cato complain, Fures privatorum furtorum in Nervo at { que } in Compedibus aetatem agunt, Fures Publici in Auro at { que } in Purpura.
and this made Cato complain, Fures privatorum furtorum in Nervo At { que } in Compedibus aetatem Agunt, Fures Publici in Auro At { que } in Purpura.
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Those who Rob private Men, live in Chains and Fetters, but those who Rob the Public, brave it in Gold and Purple.
Those who Rob private Men, live in Chains and Fetters, but those who Rob the Public, brave it in Gold and Purple.
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These are the great Pests of a Common-Wealth, more mischievous than those who Rob by Day or Night.
These Are the great Pests of a commonwealth, more mischievous than those who Rob by Day or Night.
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The Roman State was raised to its Height and Glory, under such Men as Fabricius and Scipio, who studied to Enrich their Country,
The Roman State was raised to its Height and Glory, under such Men as Fabricius and Scipio, who studied to Enrich their Country,
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and were contented to be Poor themselves.
and were contented to be Poor themselves.
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And the want of this Public Spirit to keep Men from Preying on the Revenue of the Kingdom, is a more fearful Praesage of Ruine,
And the want of this Public Spirit to keep Men from Preying on the Revenue of the Kingdom, is a more fearful Presage of Ruin,
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than any Monstrous Births or Blazing Stars.
than any Monstrous Births or Blazing Stars.
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From these Pests GOD of his Mercy preserve us, and send us always such as Moses sat over Israel.From these Pests GOD of his Mercy preserve us, and send us always such as Moses sat over Israel.
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Men fearing God, and hating Covetousness. FINIS.
Men fearing God, and hating Covetousness. FINIS.
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