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A DISCOURSE AGAINST Evil-Speaking. TIT. III. 2. To speak evil of no man.
A DISCOURSE AGAINST Evil-speaking. TIT. III. 2. To speak evil of no man.
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GEneral Persuasives to Repentance and a good Life, and Invectives against Sin and Wickedness at large, are certainly of good use to recommend Religion and Virtue,
GEneral Persuasive to Repentance and a good Life, and Invectives against since and Wickedness At large, Are Certainly of good use to recommend Religion and Virtue,
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and to expose the deformity and danger of a Vicious course.
and to expose the deformity and danger of a Vicious course.
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But it must be acknowledged on the other hand, that these general Discourses do not so immediately tend to reform the Lives of men:
But it must be acknowledged on the other hand, that these general Discourses do not so immediately tend to reform the Lives of men:
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Because they fall among the Croud, but do not touch the Consciences of particular Persons in so sensible and awakening a manner as when we treat of particular Duties and Sins,
Because they fallen among the Crowd, but do not touch the Consciences of particular Persons in so sensible and awakening a manner as when we Treat of particular Duties and Sins,
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and endeavour to put men upon the practice of the one, and to reclaim them from the other, by proper Arguments taken from the Word of God,
and endeavour to put men upon the practice of the one, and to reclaim them from the other, by proper Arguments taken from the Word of God,
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and from the nature of particular Vertues and Vices.
and from the nature of particular Virtues and Vices.
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The general way is, as if a Physician, instead of applying particular Remedies to the Distemper of his Patient, should entertain him with a long discourse of Diseases in general,
The general Way is, as if a physician, instead of applying particular Remedies to the Distemper of his Patient, should entertain him with a long discourse of Diseases in general,
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and of the pleasure and advantages of Health; and earnestly persuade him to be well; without taking his particular Disease into consideration, and prescribing Remedies for it.
and of the pleasure and advantages of Health; and earnestly persuade him to be well; without taking his particular Disease into consideration, and prescribing Remedies for it.
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But if we would effectually reform men, we must take to task the great and common disorders of their Lives,
But if we would effectually reform men, we must take to task the great and Common disorders of their Lives,
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and represent their faults to them in such a manner as may convince them of the evil and danger of them,
and represent their Faults to them in such a manner as may convince them of the evil and danger of them,
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and put them upon the endeavour of a cure.
and put them upon the endeavour of a cure.
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And to this end I have pitched upon one of the common and reigning Vices of the Age, Calumny and Evil-speaking; by which men contract so much guilt to themselves,
And to this end I have pitched upon one of the Common and reigning Vices of the Age, Calumny and Evil-speaking; by which men contract so much guilt to themselves,
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and create so much trouble to others: And from which, it is to be feared, few or none are wholly free.
and create so much trouble to Others: And from which, it is to be feared, few or none Are wholly free.
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For who is he, saith the Son of Sirach, that hath not offended with his tongue? Ecclus. 19. 16. In many things, saith St. James, James 3. 2. we offend all: And if any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man.
For who is he, Says the Son of Sirach, that hath not offended with his tongue? Ecclus 19. 16. In many things, Says Saint James, James 3. 2. we offend all: And if any man offend not in word, the same is a perfect man.
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But how few have attain'd to this perfection? And yet unless we do endeavour after it,
But how few have attained to this perfection? And yet unless we do endeavour After it,
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and in some good measure attain it, all our pretence to Religion is vain:
and in Some good measure attain it, all our pretence to Religion is vain:
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So the same Apostle tells us, James 1. 26. If any man among you seemeth to be religious,
So the same Apostle tells us, James 1. 26. If any man among you seems to be religious,
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and bridleth not his tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, that man's Religion is vain.
and bridleth not his tongue, but deceives his own heart, that Man's Religion is vain.
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For the more distinct handling of this Argument, I shall reduce my Discourse to these Five Heads.
For the more distinct handling of this Argument, I shall reduce my Discourse to these Five Heads.
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First, I shall consider the Nature of this Vice, and wherein it consists.
First, I shall Consider the Nature of this Vice, and wherein it consists.
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Secondly, I shall consider the due extent of this Prohibition, To speak evil of no man.
Secondly, I shall Consider the due extent of this Prohibition, To speak evil of no man.
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Thirdly, I shall shew the Evil of this practice, both in the Causes and Effects of it.
Thirdly, I shall show the Evil of this practice, both in the Causes and Effects of it.
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Fourthly, I shall add some further Considerations to dissuade men from it. Fifthly, I shall give some Rules and Directions for the prevention and cure of it. I.
Fourthly, I shall add Some further Considerations to dissuade men from it. Fifthly, I shall give Some Rules and Directions for the prevention and cure of it. I.
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I shall consider what this Sin or Vice of evil speaking, here forbidden by the Apostle, is:
I shall Consider what this since or Vice of evil speaking, Here forbidden by the Apostle, is:
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NONLATINALPHABET, not to defame and slander any man, not to hurt his reputation, as the Etymology of the word doth import.
, not to defame and slander any man, not to hurt his reputation, as the Etymology of the word does import.
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So that this Vice consists in saying things of others which tend to their disparagement and reproach, to the taking away or lessening of their Reputation and good Name.
So that this Vice consists in saying things of Others which tend to their disparagement and reproach, to the taking away or lessening of their Reputation and good Name.
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And this, whether the things said be true or not.
And this, whither the things said be true or not.
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If they be false, and we know it, then it is down-right Calumny; and if we do not know it,
If they be false, and we know it, then it is downright Calumny; and if we do not know it,
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but take it upon the report of others, it is however a Slander; and so much the more injurious, because really groundless and undeserved.
but take it upon the report of Others, it is however a Slander; and so much the more injurious, Because really groundless and undeserved.
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If the thing be true, and we know it to be so, yet it is a defamation,
If the thing be true, and we know it to be so, yet it is a defamation,
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and tends to the prejudice of our neighbour's reputation:
and tends to the prejudice of our neighbour's reputation:
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And it is a fault to say the evil of others which is true, unless there be some good reason for it besides:
And it is a fault to say the evil of Others which is true, unless there be Some good reason for it beside:
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Because it is contrary to that charity and goodness which Christianity requires, to divulge the faults of others,
Because it is contrary to that charity and Goodness which Christianity requires, to divulge the Faults of Others,
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though they be really guilty of them, without necessity or some other very good reason for it.
though they be really guilty of them, without necessity or Some other very good reason for it.
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Again, It is Evil-speaking and the Vice condemn'd in the Text, whether we be the first Authors of an ill Report, or relate it from others;
Again, It is Evil-speaking and the Vice condemned in the Text, whither we be the First Authors of an ill Report, or relate it from Others;
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because the man that is evil spoken of is equally defam'd either way. Again, Whether we speak evil of a man to his face, or behind his back:
Because the man that is evil spoken of is equally defamed either Way. Again, Whither we speak evil of a man to his face, or behind his back:
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The former way indeed seems to be the more generous, but yet is a great Fault,
The former Way indeed seems to be the more generous, but yet is a great Fault,
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and that which we call reviling: The latter is more mean and base, and that which we properly call Slander or Backbiting.
and that which we call reviling: The latter is more mean and base, and that which we properly call Slander or Backbiting.
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And Lastly, Whether it be done directly and in express terms, or more obscurely and by way of oblique insinuation;
And Lastly, Whither it be done directly and in express terms, or more obscurely and by Way of oblique insinuation;
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whether by way of down-right reproach, or with some crafty preface of commendation:
whither by Way of downright reproach, or with Some crafty preface of commendation:
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For so it have the effect to defame, the manner of address does not much alter the case:
For so it have the Effect to defame, the manner of address does not much altar the case:
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The one may be more dextrous, but is not one jot less faulty:
The one may be more dextrous, but is not one jot less faulty:
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For many times the deepest Wounds are given by these smoother and more artificial ways of Slander;
For many times the Deepest Wounds Are given by these smoother and more artificial ways of Slander;
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as by asking questions, Have you not heard so and so of such a man? I say no more, I only ask the question:
as by asking questions, Have you not herd so and so of such a man? I say no more, I only ask the question:
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Or by general intimations, that they are loth to say what they have heard of such a one, are very sorry for it,
Or by general intimations, that they Are loath to say what they have herd of such a one, Are very sorry for it,
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and do not at all believe it, if you will believe them: And this many times without telling the thing,
and do not At all believe it, if you will believe them: And this many times without telling the thing,
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but leaving you in the dark to suspect the worst.
but leaving you in the dark to suspect the worst.
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These and such like Arts, though they may seem to be tenderer and gentler ways of using mens reputation,
These and such like Arts, though they may seem to be tenderer and Gentler ways of using men's reputation,
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yet in truth they are the most malicious and effectual methods of Slander;
yet in truth they Are the most malicious and effectual methods of Slander;
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because they insinuate something that is much worse than is said, and yet are very apt to create in unwary men a strong belief of something that is very bad,
Because they insinuate something that is much Worse than is said, and yet Are very apt to create in unwary men a strong belief of something that is very bad,
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though they know not what it is.
though they know not what it is.
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So that it matters not in what fashion a Slander is dress'd up, if it tend to defame a man and to diminish his Reputation, it is the Sin forbidden in the Text.
So that it matters not in what fashion a Slander is dressed up, if it tend to defame a man and to diminish his Reputation, it is the since forbidden in the Text.
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II. We will consider the extent of this Prohibition to speak evil of no man; and the due bounds and limitations of it.
II We will Consider the extent of this Prohibition to speak evil of no man; and the due bounds and limitations of it.
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For it is not to be understood absolutely, to forbid us to say any thing concerning others that is bad.
For it is not to be understood absolutely, to forbid us to say any thing Concerning Others that is bad.
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This in some cases may be necessary and our duty, and in several cases very fit and reasonable.
This in Some cases may be necessary and our duty, and in several cases very fit and reasonable.
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The Question is, In what Cases by the general Rules of Scripture and right Reason we are warranted to say the evil of others that is true?
The Question is, In what Cases by the general Rules of Scripture and right Reason we Are warranted to say the evil of Others that is true?
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In general, we are not to do this without great reason and necessity;
In general, we Are not to do this without great reason and necessity;
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as, for the prevention of some great evil, or the procuring of some considerable good to our selves, or others.
as, for the prevention of Some great evil, or the procuring of Some considerable good to our selves, or Others.
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And this I take to be the meaning of that advice of the Son of Sirach, Eccl. 19. 8. Whether it be to a friend or a foe, talk not of other mens lives;
And this I take to be the meaning of that Advice of the Son of Sirach, Ecclesiastes 19. 8. Whither it be to a friend or a foe, talk not of other men's lives;
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and if thou canst without offence reveal them not; that is, if without hurt to any body thou canst conceal them, divulge them not.
and if thou Canst without offence reveal them not; that is, if without hurt to any body thou Canst conceal them, divulge them not.
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But because this may not be direction sufficient, I shall instance in some of the principal Cases wherein men are warranted to speak evil of others,
But Because this may not be direction sufficient, I shall instance in Some of the principal Cases wherein men Are warranted to speak evil of Others,
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and yet in so doing do not offend against this Prohibition in the Text.
and yet in so doing do not offend against this Prohibition in the Text.
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First, It is not only lawful, but very commendable, and many times our duty to do this in order to the probable amendment of the person of whom evil is spoken.
First, It is not only lawful, but very commendable, and many times our duty to do this in order to the probable amendment of the person of whom evil is spoken.
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In such a case we may tell a man of his faults privately;
In such a case we may tell a man of his Faults privately;
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or where it may not be so fit for us to use that boldness and freedom, we may reveal his faults to one who is more fit and proper to reprove him,
or where it may not be so fit for us to use that boldness and freedom, we may reveal his Faults to one who is more fit and proper to reprove him,
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and will probably make no other use of this discovery but in order to his amendment.
and will probably make no other use of this discovery but in order to his amendment.
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And this is so far from being a breach of Charity, that it is one of the best testimonies of it.
And this is so Far from being a breach of Charity, that it is one of the best testimonies of it.
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For perhaps the party may not be guilty of what hath been reported of him, and then it is a kindness to give him the opportunity of vindicating himself:
For perhaps the party may not be guilty of what hath been reported of him, and then it is a kindness to give him the opportunity of vindicating himself:
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Or if he be guilty, perhaps being privately and prudently told of it he may reform.
Or if he be guilty, perhaps being privately and prudently told of it he may reform.
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In this Case the Son of Sirach adviseth to reveal men's faults;
In this Case the Son of Sirach adviseth to reveal men's Faults;
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Ecclus. 19. 13, 14, 15. Admonish a friend, says he, it may be he hath not done it;
Ecclus 19. 13, 14, 15. Admonish a friend, Says he, it may be he hath not done it;
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and if he have done it, that he do it no more: Admonish a friend, it may be he hath not said it;
and if he have done it, that he do it no more: Admonish a friend, it may be he hath not said it;
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and if he have, that he speak it not again: Admonish a friend, for many times it is a slander; and believe not every tale.
and if he have, that he speak it not again: Admonish a friend, for many times it is a slander; and believe not every tale.
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But then we must take care that this be done out of kindness, and that nothing of our own passion be mingled with it;
But then we must take care that this be done out of kindness, and that nothing of our own passion be mingled with it;
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and that under pretence of reproving and reforming men, we do not reproach and revile them,
and that under pretence of reproving and reforming men, we do not reproach and revile them,
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and tell them of their faults in such a manner as if we did it to shew our authority rather than our charity. It requires a great deal of address and gentle application so to manage the business of Reproof,
and tell them of their Faults in such a manner as if we did it to show our Authority rather than our charity. It requires a great deal of address and gentle application so to manage the business of Reproof,
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as not to irritate and exasperate the person whom we reprove, instead of curing him.
as not to irritate and exasperate the person whom we reprove, instead of curing him.
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Secondly, This likewise is not only lawful, but our duty, when we are legally called to bear witness concerning the fault and crime of another.
Secondly, This likewise is not only lawful, but our duty, when we Are legally called to bear witness Concerning the fault and crime of Another.
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A good man would not be an accuser, unless the publick good, or the prevention of some great evil should require it.
A good man would not be an accuser, unless the public good, or the prevention of Some great evil should require it.
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And then the plain reason of the thing will sufficiently justifie a voluntary accusation:
And then the plain reason of the thing will sufficiently justify a voluntary accusation:
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otherwise it hath always among well-manner'd People been esteemed very odious for a man to be officious in this kind,
otherwise it hath always among well-mannered People been esteemed very odious for a man to be officious in this kind,
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and a forward Informer concerning the misdemeanors of others.
and a forward Informer Concerning the misdemeanors of Others.
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Magistrates may sometimes think it fit to give encouragement to such persons, and to set one bad man to catch another,
Magistrates may sometime think it fit to give encouragement to such Persons, and to Set one bad man to catch Another,
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because such men are fittest for such dirty work:
Because such men Are Fittest for such dirty work:
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But they can never inwardly approve them, nor will they ever make them their friends and confidents.
But they can never inwardly approve them, nor will they ever make them their Friends and confidents.
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But when a man is call'd to give testimony in this kind in obedience to the Laws,
But when a man is called to give testimony in this kind in Obedience to the Laws,
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and out of reverence to the Oath taken in such Cases, he is so far from deserving blame for so doing, that it would be an unpardonable fault in him to conceal the truth, or any part of it.
and out of Reverence to the Oath taken in such Cases, he is so Far from deserving blame for so doing, that it would be an unpardonable fault in him to conceal the truth, or any part of it.
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Thirdly, It is lawful to publish the faults of others in our own necessary defence and vindication.
Thirdly, It is lawful to publish the Faults of Others in our own necessary defence and vindication.
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When a man cannot conceal another's faults without betraying his own innocency, no charity requires a man to suffer himself to be defamed to save the reputation of another man.
When a man cannot conceal another's Faults without betraying his own innocency, no charity requires a man to suffer himself to be defamed to save the reputation of Another man.
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Charity begins at home; and though a man had never so much goodness, he would first secure his own good name,
Charity begins At home; and though a man had never so much Goodness, he would First secure his own good name,
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and then be concern'd for other men's. We are to love our neighbour as our selves;
and then be concerned for other men's. We Are to love our neighbour as our selves;
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so that the love of our selves is the Rule and Measure of our love to our neighbour:
so that the love of our selves is the Rule and Measure of our love to our neighbour:
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And therefore first, otherwise it could not be the Rule. And it would be very well for the World,
And Therefore First, otherwise it could not be the Rule. And it would be very well for the World,
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if our Charity would rise thus high;
if our Charity would rise thus high;
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and no man would hurt another man's reputation, but where his own is in real danger.
and no man would hurt Another Man's reputation, but where his own is in real danger.
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Fourthly, This also is lawful for caution and warning to a third person, that is in danger to be infected by the company, or ill example of another;
Fourthly, This also is lawful for caution and warning to a third person, that is in danger to be infected by the company, or ill Exampl of Another;
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or may be greatly prejudiced by reposing too much confidence in him, having no knowledge or suspicion of his bad qualities:
or may be greatly prejudiced by reposing too much confidence in him, having no knowledge or suspicion of his bad qualities:
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But even in this case we ought to take great care that the ill character we give of any man be spread no further than is necessary to the good end we designed in it.
But even in this case we ought to take great care that the ill character we give of any man be spread no further than is necessary to the good end we designed in it.
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Besides these more obvious and remarkable Cases, this Prohibition doth not I think hinder but that in ordinary conversation men may mention that ill of others which is already made as publick as it well can be:
Beside these more obvious and remarkable Cases, this Prohibition does not I think hinder but that in ordinary Conversation men may mention that ill of Others which is already made as public as it well can be:
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Or that one friend may not in freedom speak to another of the miscarriage of a third person, where he is secure no ill use will be made of it,
Or that one friend may not in freedom speak to Another of the miscarriage of a third person, where he is secure no ill use will be made of it,
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and that it will go no further to his prejudice: Provided always, that we take no delight in hearing or speaking ill of others:
and that it will go no further to his prejudice: Provided always, that we take no delight in hearing or speaking ill of Others:
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And the less we do it, though without any malice or design of harm, still the better;
And the less we do it, though without any malice or Design of harm, still the better;
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because this shews that we do not feed upon ill reports and take pleasure in them.
Because this shows that we do not feed upon ill reports and take pleasure in them.
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These are the usual Cases in which it may be necessary for us to speak evil of other men.
These Are the usual Cases in which it may be necessary for us to speak evil of other men.
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And these are so evidently reasonable that the Prohibition in the Text cannot with reason be extended to them.
And these Are so evidently reasonable that the Prohibition in the Text cannot with reason be extended to them.
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And if no man would allow himself to say any thing to the prejudice of another man's good name,
And if no man would allow himself to say any thing to the prejudice of Another Man's good name,
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but in these and the like Cases, the tongues of men would be very innocent, and the World would be very quiet. I proceed in the
but in these and the like Cases, the tongues of men would be very innocent, and the World would be very quiet. I proceed in the
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IIId. place to consider the evil of this practice, both in the Causes and the Consequences of it.
IIId. place to Consider the evil of this practice, both in the Causes and the Consequences of it.
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First, We will consider the Causes of it. And it commonly springs from one or more of these evil Roots.
First, We will Consider the Causes of it. And it commonly springs from one or more of these evil Roots.
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First, One of the deepest and most common Causes of evil-speaking is ill-nature and cruelty of disposition:
First, One of the Deepest and most Common Causes of Evil-speaking is Ill-nature and cruelty of disposition:
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And by a general mistake Ill-nature passeth for Wit, as Cunning doth for Wisdom; tho in truth they are nothing a-kin to one another,
And by a general mistake Ill-nature passes for Wit, as Cunning does for Wisdom; though in truth they Are nothing akin to one Another,
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but as far distant as Vice and Vertue.
but as Far distant as Vice and Virtue.
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And there is no greater evidence of the bad temper of Mankind, than the general proneness of men to this Vice.
And there is no greater evidence of the bad temper of Mankind, than the general proneness of men to this Vice.
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For (as our Saviour says) out of the abundance of the heart the mouth speaketh.
For (as our Saviour Says) out of the abundance of the heart the Mouth speaks.
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And therefore men do commonly incline to the censorious and uncharitable side: which shews humane Nature to be strangely distorted from its original rectitude and innocency.
And Therefore men do commonly incline to the censorious and uncharitable side: which shows humane Nature to be strangely distorted from its original rectitude and innocency.
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The Wit of Man doth more naturally vent it self in Satyr and Censure, than in Praise and Panegyrick. When men set themselves to commend, it comes hardly from them,
The Wit of Man does more naturally vent it self in Satyr and Censure, than in Praise and Panegyric. When men Set themselves to commend, it comes hardly from them,
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and not without great force and straining;
and not without great force and straining;
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and if any thing be fitly said in that kind, it doth hardly relish with most men:
and if any thing be fitly said in that kind, it does hardly relish with most men:
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But in the way of Invective, the Invention of men is a plentiful and never-failing Spring:
But in the Way of Invective, the Invention of men is a plentiful and never-failing Spring:
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And this kind of Wit is not more easie than it is acceptable:
And this kind of Wit is not more easy than it is acceptable:
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It is greedily entertained and greatly applauded, and every man is glad to hear others abused, not considering how soon it may come to his own turn to lie down and make sport for others.
It is greedily entertained and greatly applauded, and every man is glad to hear Others abused, not considering how soon it may come to his own turn to lie down and make sport for Others.
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To speak evil of others, is almost become the general entertainment of all Companies:
To speak evil of Others, is almost become the general entertainment of all Companies:
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And the great and serious business of most Meetings and Visits, after the necessary Ceremonies and Complements are over, is to sit down and back-bite all the World.
And the great and serious business of most Meetings and Visits, After the necessary Ceremonies and Compliments Are over, is to fit down and backbite all the World.
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'Tis the Sawee of Conversation, and all Discourse is counted but flat and dull which hath not something of piquancy and sharpness in it against some body.
It's the Sawye of Conversation, and all Discourse is counted but flat and dull which hath not something of piquancy and sharpness in it against Some body.
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For men generally love rather to hear evil of others than good, and are secretly pleas'd with ill reports,
For men generally love rather to hear evil of Others than good, and Are secretly pleased with ill reports,
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and drink them in with greediness and delight:
and drink them in with greediness and delight:
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Though at the same time they have so much Justice, as to hate those that propagate them;
Though At the same time they have so much justice, as to hate those that propagate them;
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and so much Wit, as to conclude that these very persons will do the same for them in another Place and Company.
and so much Wit, as to conclude that these very Persons will do the same for them in Another Place and Company.
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But especially, if it concerns one of another Party, and that differs from us in matters of Religion;
But especially, if it concerns one of Another Party, and that differs from us in matters of Religion;
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in this Case, all Parties seem to be agreed that they do God great service in blasting the Reputation of their Adversaries:
in this Case, all Parties seem to be agreed that they do God great service in blasting the Reputation of their Adversaries:
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And tho they all pretend to be Christiams, and the Disciples of Him who taught nothing but kindness and meekness and charity; yet it is strange to see with what a salvage and murderous disposition they will flie at one another's Reputation and tear it in pieces:
And though they all pretend to be Christians, and the Disciples of Him who taught nothing but kindness and meekness and charity; yet it is strange to see with what a salvage and murderous disposition they will fly At one another's Reputation and tear it in Pieces:
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And what-ever other Scruples they may have, they make none to bespatter one another in the most bitter and slanderous manner.
And whatever other Scruples they may have, they make none to bespatter one Another in the most bitter and slanderous manner.
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But if they hear any good of their Adversaries, with what nicety and caution do they receive it? how many objections do they raise against it? and with what coldness do they at last admit it? It is very well, say they, if it be true: I shall be glad to hear it confirm'd.
But if they hear any good of their Adversaries, with what nicety and caution do they receive it? how many objections do they raise against it? and with what coldness do they At last admit it? It is very well, say they, if it be true: I shall be glad to hear it confirmed.
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I never heard so much good of him before. You are a good man your self;
I never herd so much good of him before. You Are a good man your self;
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but have a care you be not deceived.
but have a care you be not deceived.
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Nay it is well, if to balance the matter, and set things even, they do not clap some infirmity and fault into the other Scale, that so the Enemy may not go off with flying Colours.
Nay it is well, if to balance the matter, and Set things even, they do not clap Some infirmity and fault into the other Scale, that so the Enemy may not go off with flying Colours.
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But on the other side, every man is a good and substantial Author of an ill Report.
But on the other side, every man is a good and substantial Author of an ill Report.
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I do not apply this to any one sort of men, though all are to blame in this way;
I do not apply this to any one sort of men, though all Are to blame in this Way;
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Iliacos intra muros peccatur, & extra.
Iliacos intra muros peccatur, & extra.
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To speak impartially, the Zealots of all Parties have got a scurvy Trick of lying for the Truth.
To speak impartially, the Zealots of all Parties have god a scurvy Trick of lying for the Truth.
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But of all sorts of People, I have observed the Priests and Bigots of the Church of Rome to be the ablest in this way,
But of all sorts of People, I have observed the Priests and Bigots of the Church of Room to be the Ablest in this Way,
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and to have the strongest Faith for a lusty Falshood and Calumny. Others will bandy a false Report, and toss it from one hand to another;
and to have the Strongest Faith for a lusty Falsehood and Calumny. Others will bandy a false Report, and toss it from one hand to Another;
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but I never knew any that would so hug a Lye and be so very fond of it.
but I never knew any that would so hug a Lie and be so very found of it.
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They seem to be described by St. John in that expression in the Revelation, Whosoever loveth and maketh a lye.
They seem to be described by Saint John in that expression in the Revelation, Whosoever loves and makes a lie.
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Another shrewd sign that ill-nature lies at the root of this Vice is, that we easily forget the good that is said of others,
another shrewd Signen that Ill-nature lies At the root of this Vice is, that we Easily forget the good that is said of Others,
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and seldom make mention of it;
and seldom make mention of it;
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but the contrary sticks with us, and lies uppermost in our memories, and is ready to come out upon all occasions:
but the contrary sticks with us, and lies uppermost in our memories, and is ready to come out upon all occasions:
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And which is yet more ill-natur'd and unjust, many times when we do not believe it our selves we tell it to others, with this charitable Caution, That we hope it is not true.
And which is yet more Ill-natured and unjust, many times when we do not believe it our selves we tell it to Others, with this charitable Caution, That we hope it is not true.
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But in the mean time we give it our Pass, and venture it to take its fortune to be believed or not, according to the charity of those into whose hands it comes.
But in the mean time we give it our Pass, and venture it to take its fortune to be believed or not, according to the charity of those into whose hands it comes.
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Secondly, Another Cause of the commonness of this Vice is, that many are so bad themselves, in one kind or other.
Secondly, another Cause of the commonness of this Vice is, that many Are so bad themselves, in one kind or other.
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For to think and speak ill of others is not only a bad thing, but a sign of a bad man.
For to think and speak ill of Others is not only a bad thing, but a Signen of a bad man.
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Our Blessed Saviour, speaking of the evil of the last days, gives this as the reason of the great decay of Charity among men;
Our Blessed Saviour, speaking of the evil of the last days, gives this as the reason of the great decay of Charity among men;
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Because iniquity shall abound, the Love of many shall wax cold, Matth. 24. 12. When men are bad themselves, they are glad of any opportunity to censure others,
Because iniquity shall abound, the Love of many shall wax cold, Matthew 24. 12. When men Are bad themselves, they Are glad of any opportunity to censure Others,
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and are always apt to suspect that evil of other men which they know by themselves.
and Are always apt to suspect that evil of other men which they know by themselves.
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They cannot have a good opinion of themselves, and therefore are very unwilling to have so of any body else;
They cannot have a good opinion of themselves, and Therefore Are very unwilling to have so of any body Else;
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and for this reason they endeavour to bring men to a level, hoping it will be some justification of them if they can but render others as bad as themselves.
and for this reason they endeavour to bring men to a level, hoping it will be Some justification of them if they can but render Others as bad as themselves.
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Thirdly, Another source of this Vice is Malice and Revenge. When men are in Heat and Passion they do not consider what is true,
Thirdly, another source of this Vice is Malice and Revenge. When men Are in Heat and Passion they do not Consider what is true,
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but what is spiteful and mischievous;
but what is spiteful and mischievous;
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and speak evil of others in revenge of some injury which they have received from them:
and speak evil of Others in revenge of Some injury which they have received from them:
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And when they are blinded by their Passions, they lay about them madly and at a venture, not much caring whether the evil they speak be true or not.
And when they Are blinded by their Passion, they lay about them madly and At a venture, not much caring whither the evil they speak be true or not.
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Nay many are so Devilish, as to invent and raise false Reports on purpose to blast mens Reputation.
Nay many Are so Devilish, as to invent and raise false Reports on purpose to blast men's Reputation.
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This is a Diabolical temper, and therefore St. James tells us that the slanderous Tongue is set on fire of Hell:
This is a Diabolical temper, and Therefore Saint James tells us that the slanderous Tongue is Set on fire of Hell:
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And the Devil hath his very Name from Calumny and false Accusation;
And the devil hath his very Name from Calumny and false Accusation;
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and it is his Nature too, for he is always ready to stir up and foment this evil spirit among men:
and it is his Nature too, for he is always ready to stir up and foment this evil Spirit among men:
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Nay, the Scripture tells us that he hath the malice and impudence to accuse good men before God;
Nay, the Scripture tells us that he hath the malice and impudence to accuse good men before God;
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as he did Job, charging him with Hypocrisie to God himself; Who, he knows, does know the hearts of all the children of men.
as he did Job, charging him with Hypocrisy to God himself; Who, he knows, does know the hearts of all the children of men.
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Fourthly, Another Cause of evil-speaking is Envy. Men look with an evil eye upon the good that is in others,
Fourthly, another Cause of Evil-speaking is Envy. Men look with an evil eye upon the good that is in Others,
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and think that their Reputation obscures them, and that their commendable qualities do stand in their light;
and think that their Reputation obscures them, and that their commendable qualities do stand in their Light;
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and therefore they do what they can to cast a cloud over them, that the bright shining of their Vertues may not scorch them. This makes them greedily to entertain,
and Therefore they do what they can to cast a cloud over them, that the bright shining of their Virtues may not scorch them. This makes them greedily to entertain,
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and industriously to publish any thing that may serve to that purpose, thereby to raise themselves upon the Ruins of other men's Reputation:
and industriously to publish any thing that may serve to that purpose, thereby to raise themselves upon the Ruins of other men's Reputation:
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And therefore as soon as they have got an ill Report of any good man by the end, to work they presently go to send it abroad by the first Post: For the string is always ready upon their Bow to let fly this Arrow with an incredible swiftness, through City and Country; for fear the innocent man's justification should over-take it.
And Therefore as soon as they have god an ill Report of any good man by the end, to work they presently go to send it abroad by the First Post: For the string is always ready upon their Bow to let fly this Arrow with an incredible swiftness, through city and Country; for Fear the innocent Man's justification should overtake it.
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Fifthly, Another Cause of evil-speaking is Impertinence and Curiosity; an itch of talking and medling in the affairs of other Men, which do nowise concern them.
Fifthly, another Cause of Evil-speaking is Impertinence and Curiosity; an itch of talking and meddling in the affairs of other Men, which do nowise concern them.
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Some persons love to mingle themselves in all business, and are loth to seem ignorant of so important a piece of News as the faults and follies of men,
some Persons love to mingle themselves in all business, and Are loath to seem ignorant of so important a piece of News as the Faults and follies of men,
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or any bad thing that is talk'd of in good Company.
or any bad thing that is talked of in good Company.
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And therefore they do with great care pick up ill Stories, as good matter of discourse in the next Company that is worthy of them:
And Therefore they do with great care pick up ill Stories, as good matter of discourse in the next Company that is worthy of them:
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And this perhaps not out of any great malice, but for want of something better to talk of,
And this perhaps not out of any great malice, but for want of something better to talk of,
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and because their Parts lie chiefly that way.
and Because their Parts lie chiefly that Way.
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Lastly, Men do this many times out of wantonness and for diversion. So little do light and vain men consider, that a man's Reputation is too great and tender a Concernment to be jested withal;
Lastly, Men do this many times out of wantonness and for diversion. So little do Light and vain men Consider, that a Man's Reputation is too great and tender a Concernment to be jested withal;
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and that a slanderous Tongue bites like a Serpent, and wounds like a Sword. For what can be more barbarous, next to sporting with a man's Life,
and that a slanderous Tongue bites like a Serpent, and wounds like a Sword. For what can be more barbarous, next to sporting with a Man's Life,
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than to play with his Honour and Reputation, which to some men is dearer to them than their Lives?
than to play with his Honour and Reputation, which to Some men is Dearer to them than their Lives?
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It is a cruel pleasure which some men take in worrying the Reputation of others much better than themselves;
It is a cruel pleasure which Some men take in worrying the Reputation of Others much better than themselves;
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and this only to divert themselves and the Company. Solomon compares this sort of men to distracted persons;
and this only to divert themselves and the Company. Solomon compares this sort of men to distracted Persons;
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As a mad man, saith he, who casteth fire-brands, arrows, and death, so is the man that deceiveth his neighbour; the LXX.
As a mad man, Says he, who Cast firebrands, arrows, and death, so is the man that deceives his neighbour; the LXX.
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render it, So is the man that defameth his neighbour, and saith, Am I not in sport? Such,
render it, So is the man that defameth his neighbour, and Says, Am I not in sport? Such,
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and so bad are the Causes of this Vice. I proceed to consider, in the Second place, the ordinary, but very pernicious Consequences and Effects of it;
and so bad Are the Causes of this Vice. I proceed to Consider, in the Second place, the ordinary, but very pernicious Consequences and Effects of it;
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both to Others, and to our Selves. First, To Others; the Parties I mean that are slandered.
both to Others, and to our Selves. First, To Others; the Parties I mean that Are slandered.
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To them it is certainly a great injury, and commonly a high Provocation, but always matter of no small grief and trouble to them.
To them it is Certainly a great injury, and commonly a high Provocation, but always matter of no small grief and trouble to them.
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It is certainly a great injury, and if the evil which we say of them be not true, it is an injury beyond imagination, and beyond all possible reparation.
It is Certainly a great injury, and if the evil which we say of them be not true, it is an injury beyond imagination, and beyond all possible reparation.
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And though we should do our utmost endeavour afterwards towards their Vindication, yet that makes but very little amends;
And though we should do our utmost endeavour afterwards towards their Vindication, yet that makes but very little amends;
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because the Vindication seldom reacheth so far as the Reproach, and because commonly men are neither so forward to spread the Vindication,
Because the Vindication seldom reaches so Far as the Reproach, and Because commonly men Are neither so forward to spread the Vindication,
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nor is it so easily received after ill impressions are once made.
nor is it so Easily received After ill impressions Are once made.
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The solicitous Vindication of a man's self is, at the best, but an after-game; and for the most part a man had better sit still,
The solicitous Vindication of a Man's self is, At the best, but an aftergame; and for the most part a man had better fit still,
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than to run the hazard of making the matter worse by playing it.
than to run the hazard of making the matter Worse by playing it.
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I will add one thing more, That it is an Injury that descends to a man's Children and Posterity;
I will add one thing more, That it is an Injury that descends to a Man's Children and Posterity;
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because the good or ill Name of the Father is derived down to them;
Because the good or ill Name of the Father is derived down to them;
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and many times the best thing he hath to leave them is the Reputation of his unblemish'd Virtue and Worth:
and many times the best thing he hath to leave them is the Reputation of his unblemished Virtue and Worth:
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And do we make no Conscience to rob his innocent Children of the best part of this small Patrimony,
And do we make no Conscience to rob his innocent Children of the best part of this small Patrimony,
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and of all the kindness that would have been done them for their Father's sake,
and of all the kindness that would have been done them for their Father's sake,
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if his Reputation had not been so undeservedly stain'd? Is it no Crime by the breath of our mouth at once to blast a man's Reputation,
if his Reputation had not been so undeservedly stained? Is it not Crime by the breath of our Mouth At once to blast a Man's Reputation,
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and to ruin his Children, perhaps to all Posterity? Can we make a jest of so serious a matter? Of an Injury so very hard to be repented of as it ought,
and to ruin his Children, perhaps to all Posterity? Can we make a jest of so serious a matter? Of an Injury so very hard to be repented of as it ought,
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because in such a Case no Repentance will be acceptable without Restitution, if it be in our power.
Because in such a Case no Repentance will be acceptable without Restitution, if it be in our power.
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And perhaps it will undo us in this World to make it; and if we do it not, will be our Ruin in the other.
And perhaps it will undo us in this World to make it; and if we do it not, will be our Ruin in the other.
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I will put the Case at the best, that the matter of the Slander is true;
I will put the Case At the best, that the matter of the Slander is true;
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yet no man's Reputation is considerably stained, tho never so deservedly, without great harm and damage to him.
yet no Man's Reputation is considerably stained, though never so deservedly, without great harm and damage to him.
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And it is great odds but the matter by passing through several hands is aggravated beyond truth, every one out of his bounty being apt to add something to it.
And it is great odds but the matter by passing through several hands is aggravated beyond truth, every one out of his bounty being apt to add something to it.
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But, besides the Injury, it is commonly a very high Provocation. And the consequence of that may be as bad as we can imagine,
But, beside the Injury, it is commonly a very high Provocation. And the consequence of that may be as bad as we can imagine,
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and may end in dangerous and desperate Quarrels. This reason the wise Son of Sirach gives why we should defame no man:
and may end in dangerous and desperate Quarrels. This reason the wise Son of Sirach gives why we should defame no man:
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Whether it be, says he, to a friend or to a foe, talk not of other mens lives.
Whither it be, Says he, to a friend or to a foe, talk not of other men's lives.
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For he hath heard and observed thee, Ecclus. 19. 8, 9. that is, one way or other it will probably come to his knowledge, and when the time cometh he will shew his hatred;
For he hath herd and observed thee, Ecclus 19. 8, 9. that is, one Way or other it will probably come to his knowledge, and when the time comes he will show his hatred;
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that is, he will take the first opportunity to revenge it. At the best, it is always matter of Grief to the person that is defam'd:
that is, he will take the First opportunity to revenge it. At the best, it is always matter of Grief to the person that is defamed:
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And Christianity, which is the best-natur'd Institution in the World, forbids us the doing of those things whereby we may grieve one another. A man's good name is a tender thing,
And Christianity, which is the best-natured Institution in the World, forbids us the doing of those things whereby we may grieve one Another. A Man's good name is a tender thing,
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and a wound there sinks deep into the spirit even of a wise and good man:
and a wound there sinks deep into the Spirit even of a wise and good man:
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And the more innocent any man is in this kind, the more sensible is he of this hard usage;
And the more innocent any man is in this kind, the more sensible is he of this hard usage;
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because he never treats others so, nor is he conscious to himself that he hath deserved it.
Because he never treats Others so, nor is he conscious to himself that he hath deserved it.
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Secondly, The Consequences of this Vice are as bad or worse to our selves. Whoever is wont to speak evil of others, gives a bad character of himself,
Secondly, The Consequences of this Vice Are as bad or Worse to our selves. Whoever is wont to speak evil of Others, gives a bad character of himself,
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even to those whom he desires to please; who, if they be wise enough, will conclude that he speaks of them to others,
even to those whom he Desires to please; who, if they be wise enough, will conclude that he speaks of them to Others,
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as he does of others to them:
as he does of Others to them:
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And were it not for that fond partiality which men have for themselves, no man could be so blind as not to see this.
And were it not for that found partiality which men have for themselves, not man could be so blind as not to see this.
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And it is very well worthy of our consideration, which our Saviour says in this very Case, That with what measure we meet to others, it shall be measured to us again;
And it is very well worthy of our consideration, which our Saviour Says in this very Case, That with what measure we meet to Others, it shall be measured to us again;
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Matth. 7. and that many times heaped up, and running over. For there is hardly any thing wherein Mankind do use more strict justice and equality,
Matthew 7. and that many times heaped up, and running over. For there is hardly any thing wherein Mankind do use more strict Justice and equality,
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than in rendering evil for evil, and railing for railing. Nay, Revenge often goes further than Words.
than in rendering evil for evil, and railing for railing. Nay, Revenge often Goes further than Words.
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A reproachful and slanderous Speech hath cost many a man a Duel, and in that the loss of his own Life,
A reproachful and slanderous Speech hath cost many a man a Duel, and in that the loss of his own Life,
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or the Murther of another, perhaps with the loss of his own Soul:
or the Murder of Another, perhaps with the loss of his own Soul:
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And I have often wonder'd that among Christians this matter is no more laid to heart.
And I have often wondered that among Christians this matter is no more laid to heart.
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And tho neither of these great mischiefs should happen to us, yet this may be inconvenient enough many other ways.
And though neither of these great mischiefs should happen to us, yet this may be inconvenient enough many other ways.
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For no man knows in the chance of things, and the mutability of humane affairs, whose kindness and good-will he may come to stand in need of before he dies.
For no man knows in the chance of things, and the mutability of humane affairs, whose kindness and goodwill he may come to stand in need of before he die.
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So that did a man only consult his own safety and quiet, he ought to refrain from evil-speaking. What man is he, saith the Psalmist, that desireth life,
So that did a man only consult his own safety and quiet, he ought to refrain from Evil-speaking. What man is he, Says the Psalmist, that Desires life,
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and loveth many days, that he may see good: Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking falshood, Psal. 34. 12, 13.
and loves many days, that he may see good: Keep thy tongue from evil, and thy lips from speaking falsehood, Psalm 34. 12, 13.
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But there is an infinitely greater Danger hanging over us from God.
But there is an infinitely greater Danger hanging over us from God.
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If we allow our selves in this evil practice, all our Religion is good for nothing.
If we allow our selves in this evil practice, all our Religion is good for nothing.
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So St. James expresly tells us, If any man among you seemeth to be religious,
So Saint James expressly tells us, If any man among you seems to be religious,
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and bridleth not his tongue, but deceiveth his own heart, that man's Religion is vain, Jam. 1. 26. And St. Paul puts Slanderers and Revilers amongst those that shall not inherit the kingdom of God.
and bridleth not his tongue, but deceives his own heart, that Man's Religion is vain, Jam. 1. 26. And Saint Paul puts Slanderers and Revilers among those that shall not inherit the Kingdom of God.
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And our Blessed Saviour hath told us, That by our words we shall be justified,
And our Blessed Saviour hath told us, That by our words we shall be justified,
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and by our words we shall be condemned, 1 Cor. 6. 10. To which I will add the counsel given us by the Wise-man, Refrain your tongue from backbiting,
and by our words we shall be condemned, 1 Cor. 6. 10. To which I will add the counsel given us by the Wiseman, Refrain your tongue from backbiting,
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for there is no word so secret that shall go for nought, and the mouth that slandereth slayeth the Soul, Wisdom of Solomon, c. 1. v. 11. I proceed in the
for there is no word so secret that shall go for nought, and the Mouth that Slandereth slays the Soul, Wisdom of Solomon, c. 1. v. 11. I proceed in the
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IVth place, to add some further Arguments and Considerations to take men off from this Vice: As,
IVth place, to add Some further Arguments and Considerations to take men off from this Vice: As,
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First, That the use of Speech is a peculiar Prerogative of Man above other Creatures, and bestowed upon him for some excellent end and purpose:
First, That the use of Speech is a peculiar Prerogative of Man above other Creatures, and bestowed upon him for Some excellent end and purpose:
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That by this Faculty we might communicate our thoughts more easily to one another, and consult together for our mutual comfort and benefit:
That by this Faculty we might communicate our thoughts more Easily to one Another, and consult together for our mutual Comfort and benefit:
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Not to enable us to be hurtful and injurious, but helpful and beneficial to one another.
Not to enable us to be hurtful and injurious, but helpful and beneficial to one Another.
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The Psalmist, as by Interpreters is generally thought calls our Tongue our Glory; therewith we praise God and bless Men. Now to bless is to speak well of any, and to wish them well.
The Psalmist, as by Interpreters is generally Thought calls our Tongue our Glory; therewith we praise God and bless Men. Now to bless is to speak well of any, and to wish them well.
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So that we pervert the use of Speech and turn our glory into shame, when we abuse this Faculty to the injury and reproach of any.
So that we pervert the use of Speech and turn our glory into shame, when we abuse this Faculty to the injury and reproach of any.
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Secondly, Consider how cheap a kindness it is to speak well, at least not to speak ill of any.
Secondly, Consider how cheap a kindness it is to speak well, At least not to speak ill of any.
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A good word is an easie obligation, but not to speak ill requires only our Silence, which costs us nothing.
A good word is an easy obligation, but not to speak ill requires only our Silence, which costs us nothing.
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Some instances of Charity are chargeable, as to relieve the wants and necessities of others: The expence deterrs many from this kind of Charity.
some instances of Charity Are chargeable, as to relieve the Wants and necessities of Others: The expense deters many from this kind of Charity.
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But were a man never so covetous, he might afford another man his good word; at least he might refrain from speaking ill of him:
But were a man never so covetous, he might afford Another man his good word; At lest he might refrain from speaking ill of him:
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especially if it be consider'd how dear many have paid for a slanderous and reproachful word.
especially if it be considered how dear many have paid for a slanderous and reproachful word.
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Thirdly, Consider that no quality doth ordinarily recommend one more to the favour and good-will of men,
Thirdly, Consider that no quality does ordinarily recommend one more to the favour and goodwill of men,
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than to be free from this Vice.
than to be free from this Vice.
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Every one desires such a man's friendship, and is apt to repose a great trust and confidence in him:
Every one Desires such a Man's friendship, and is apt to repose a great trust and confidence in him:
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And when he is dead, men will praise him;
And when he is dead, men will praise him;
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and next to Piety towards God, and Righteousness to Men, nothing is thought a more significant commendation,
and next to Piety towards God, and Righteousness to Men, nothing is Thought a more significant commendation,
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than that he was never, or very rarely heard to speak ill of any.
than that he was never, or very rarely herd to speak ill of any.
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It was a singular Character of a Roman Gentleman, Nescivit quid esset maledicere, he knew not what it was to give any man an ill word.
It was a singular Character of a Roman Gentleman, Nescivit quid esset maledicere, he knew not what it was to give any man an ill word.
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Fourthly, Let every man lay his hand upon his heart, and consider how himself is apt to be affected with this usage.
Fourthly, Let every man lay his hand upon his heart, and Consider how himself is apt to be affected with this usage.
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Speak thy Conscience Man, and say whether, as bad as thou art, thou wouldst not be glad to have every man's, especially every good man's good word? And to have thy faults conceal'd,
Speak thy Conscience Man, and say whither, as bad as thou art, thou Wouldst not be glad to have every Man's, especially every good Man's good word? And to have thy Faults concealed,
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and not to be hardly spoken of, though it may be not altogether without truth, by those whom thou didst never offend by word or deed? But with what face or reason dost thou expect this from others, to whom thy carriage hath been so contrary? Nothing surely is more equal and reasonable than that known Rule, What thou wouldst have no man do to thee, that do thou to no man.
and not to be hardly spoken of, though it may be not altogether without truth, by those whom thou didst never offend by word or deed? But with what face or reason dost thou expect this from Others, to whom thy carriage hath been so contrary? Nothing surely is more equal and reasonable than that known Rule, What thou Wouldst have no man do to thee, that do thou to no man.
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Fifthly, When you are going to speak reproachfully of others, consider whether you do not lie open to just reproach in the same, or some other kind.
Fifthly, When you Are going to speak reproachfully of Others, Consider whither you do not lie open to just reproach in the same, or Some other kind.
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Therefore give no Occasion, no Example of this barbarous usage of one another.
Therefore give no Occasion, no Exampl of this barbarous usage of one Another.
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There are very few so innocent and free either from infirmities or greater faults, as not to be obnoxious to reproach upon one account or other;
There Are very few so innocent and free either from infirmities or greater Faults, as not to be obnoxious to reproach upon one account or other;
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even the wisest, and most virtuous, and most perfect among men have some little vanity, or affectation, which lays them open to the railery of a mimical and malicious Wit:
even the Wisest, and most virtuous, and most perfect among men have Some little vanity, or affectation, which lays them open to the raillery of a mimical and malicious Wit:
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Therefore we should often turn our thoughts upon our selves, and look into that part of the Wallet which men commonly fling over their shoulders and keep behind them, that they may not see their own Faults:
Therefore we should often turn our thoughts upon our selves, and look into that part of the Wallet which men commonly fling over their shoulders and keep behind them, that they may not see their own Faults:
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And when we have searched that well, let us remember our Saviour's Rule, He that is without sin, let him cast the first stone.
And when we have searched that well, let us Remember our Saviour's Rule, He that is without since, let him cast the First stone.
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Lastly consider, That it is in many Cases as great a Charity to conceal the evil you hear and know of others,
Lastly Consider, That it is in many Cases as great a Charity to conceal the evil you hear and know of Others,
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as if you relieved them in a great necessity.
as if you relieved them in a great necessity.
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And we think him a hard-hearted man that will not bestow a small Alms upon one in great want.
And we think him a hardhearted man that will not bestow a small Alms upon one in great want.
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It is an excellent Advice which the Son of Sirach gives to this purpose; Talk not of other men's lives:
It is an excellent advice which the Son of Sirach gives to this purpose; Talk not of other men's lives:
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If thou hast heard a word, let it die with thee; and be bold it will not burst thee, Ecclus. 19. 10. I shall in the
If thou hast herd a word, let it die with thee; and be bold it will not burst thee, Ecclus 19. 10. I shall in the
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Vth. and last place, give some Rules and Directions for the prevention and cure of this great evil among men.
Vth and last place, give Some Rules and Directions for the prevention and cure of this great evil among men.
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First, Never say any evil of any man, but what you certainly know.
First, Never say any evil of any man, but what you Certainly know.
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When ever you positively accuse and endite any man of any Crime, though it be in private and among Friends, speak as if you were upon your Oath, because God sees and hears you.
When ever you positively accuse and endite any man of any Crime, though it be in private and among Friends, speak as if you were upon your Oath, Because God sees and hears you.
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This not only Charity, but Justice and regard to truth do demand of us.
This not only Charity, but justice and regard to truth do demand of us.
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He that easily credits an ill Report is almost as faulty as the first inventer of it.
He that Easily credits an ill Report is almost as faulty as the First inventer of it.
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For tho you do not make, yet you commonly propagate a Lye. Therefore never speak evil of any upon common Fame, which for the most part is false,
For though you do not make, yet you commonly propagate a Lie. Therefore never speak evil of any upon Common Fame, which for the most part is false,
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but almost always uncertain whether it be true or not.
but almost always uncertain whither it be true or not.
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Not but that it is a fault, in most Cases, to report the evil of men which is true,
Not but that it is a fault, in most Cases, to report the evil of men which is true,
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and which we certainly know to be so:
and which we Certainly know to be so:
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But if I cannot prevail to make men wholly to abstain from this fault, I would be glad to compound with some Persons,
But if I cannot prevail to make men wholly to abstain from this fault, I would be glad to compound with Some Persons,
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and to gain this point of them however;
and to gain this point of them however;
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because it would retrench nine parts in ten of the evil-speaking that is in the World.
Because it would retrench nine parts in ten of the Evil-speaking that is in the World.
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Secondly, Before you speak evil of any man, consider whether he hath not obliged you by some real kindness,
Secondly, Before you speak evil of any man, Consider whither he hath not obliged you by Some real kindness,
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and then it is a bad return to speak ill of him who hath done us good.
and then it is a bad return to speak ill of him who hath done us good.
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Consider also, whether you may not come hereafter to be acquainted with him, related to him,
Consider also, whither you may not come hereafter to be acquainted with him, related to him,
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or obliged by him whom you have thus injured? And how will you then be ashamed when you reflect upon it,
or obliged by him whom you have thus injured? And how will you then be ashamed when you reflect upon it,
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and perhaps have reason also to believe that he to whom you have done this injury is not ignorant of it?
and perhaps have reason also to believe that he to whom you have done this injury is not ignorant of it?
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Consider likewise, whether in the change of Humane affairs, you may not some time or other come to stand in need of his favour;
Consider likewise, whither in the change of Humane affairs, you may not Some time or other come to stand in need of his favour;
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and how incapable this carriage of yours towards him will render you of it? And whether it may not be in his power to revenge a spiteful and needless word by a shrewd turn? So that if a man made no conscience of hurting others,
and how incapable this carriage of yours towards him will render you of it? And whither it may not be in his power to revenge a spiteful and needless word by a shrewd turn? So that if a man made no conscience of hurting Others,
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yet he should in prudence have some consideration of himself.
yet he should in prudence have Some consideration of himself.
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Thirdly, Let us accustom our selves to pity the Faults of men and to be truly sorry for them,
Thirdly, Let us accustom our selves to pity the Faults of men and to be truly sorry for them,
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and then we shall take no pleasure in publishing them.
and then we shall take no pleasure in publishing them.
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And this common Humanity requires of us, considering the great infirmities of humane Nature, and that we our selves also are liable to be tempted:
And this Common Humanity requires of us, considering the great infirmities of humane Nature, and that we our selves also Are liable to be tempted:
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Considering likewise, how severe a Punishment every Fault and miscarriage is to it self;
Considering likewise, how severe a Punishment every Fault and miscarriage is to it self;
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and how terribly it exposeth a man to the wrath of God, both in this World and the other.
and how terribly it exposeth a man to the wrath of God, both in this World and the other.
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He is not a good Christian, that is not heartily sorry for the faults even of his greatest Enemies;
He is not a good Christian, that is not heartily sorry for the Faults even of his greatest Enemies;
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and if he be so, he will discover them no further than is necessary to some good end.
and if he be so, he will discover them no further than is necessary to Some good end.
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Fourthly, When-ever we hear any man evil-spoken of, if we know any good of him let us say that. It is always the more humane and the more honourable part to stand up in the defence and vindication of others,
Fourthly, Whenever we hear any man evil-spoken of, if we know any good of him let us say that. It is always the more humane and the more honourable part to stand up in the defence and vindication of Others,
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than to accuse and bespatter them.
than to accuse and bespatter them.
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Possibly the good you heard of them may not be true, but it is much more probable that the evil which you have heard of them is not true neither:
Possibly the good you herd of them may not be true, but it is much more probable that the evil which you have herd of them is not true neither:
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However, it is better to preserve the credit of a bad man, than to stain the Reputation of the innocent.
However, it is better to preserve the credit of a bad man, than to stain the Reputation of the innocent.
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And if there were any need that a man should be evil-spoken of, it is but fair and equal that his good and bad Qualities should be mention'd together;
And if there were any need that a man should be evil-spoken of, it is but fair and equal that his good and bad Qualities should be mentioned together;
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otherwise he may be strangely misrepresented, and an indifferent Man may be made a Monster. They that will observe nothing in a Wise man, but his over-sights and follies;
otherwise he may be strangely misrepresented, and an indifferent Man may be made a Monster. They that will observe nothing in a Wise man, but his oversights and follies;
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nothing in a Good man, but his failings and infirmities; may make a shift to render a very wise and good man very despicable.
nothing in a Good man, but his failings and infirmities; may make a shift to render a very wise and good man very despicable.
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If one should heap together all the passionate Speeches, all the froward and imprudent Actions of the best Man;
If one should heap together all the passionate Speeches, all the froward and imprudent Actions of the best Man;
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all that he had said or done amiss in his whole Life, and present it all at one view, concealing his Wisdom and Vertues;
all that he had said or done amiss in his Whole Life, and present it all At one view, concealing his Wisdom and Virtues;
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the Man in this Disguise would look like a Mad-man or a Fury: And yet if his Life were fairly represented,
the Man in this Disguise would look like a Madman or a Fury: And yet if his Life were fairly represented,
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and just in the same manner it was led;
and just in the same manner it was led;
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and his many and great Virtues set over-against his failings and infirmities, he would appear to all the World to be an admirable and excellent Person.
and his many and great Virtues Set over-against his failings and infirmities, he would appear to all the World to be an admirable and excellent Person.
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But how many and great soever any man's ill Qualities are, it is but just that with all this heavy load of Faults he should have the due praise of the few real Virtues that are in him.
But how many and great soever any Man's ill Qualities Are, it is but just that with all this heavy load of Faults he should have the due praise of the few real Virtues that Are in him.
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Fifthly, That you may not speak ill of any, do not delight to hear ill of them.
Fifthly, That you may not speak ill of any, do not delight to hear ill of them.
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Give no countenance to Busy-bodies, and those that love to talk of other mens Faults:
Give no countenance to Busybodies, and those that love to talk of other men's Faults:
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Or if you cannot decently reprove them because of their Quality, then divert the discourse some other way;
Or if you cannot decently reprove them Because of their Quality, then divert the discourse Some other Way;
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or if you cannot do that, by seeming not to mind it, you may sufficiently signify that you do not like it.
or if you cannot do that, by seeming not to mind it, you may sufficiently signify that you do not like it.
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Sixthly, Let every man mind himself, and his own Duty and Concernment.
Sixthly, Let every man mind himself, and his own Duty and Concernment.
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Do but endeavour in good earnest to mend thy self, and it will be work enough for one Man,
Do but endeavour in good earnest to mend thy self, and it will be work enough for one Man,
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and leave thee but little time to talk of others.
and leave thee but little time to talk of Others.
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When Plato withdrew from the Court of Dionysius, who would fain have had a famous Philosopher for his Flatterer, they parted in some unkindness,
When Plato withdrew from the Court of Dionysius, who would fain have had a famous Philosopher for his Flatterer, they parted in Some unkindness,
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and Dionysius bad him not to speak ill of him when he was return'd into Greece; Plato told him, he had no leisure for it;
and Dionysius bade him not to speak ill of him when he was returned into Greece; Plato told him, he had no leisure for it;
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meaning that he had better things to mind, than to take up his thoughts and talk with the faults of so bad a man,
meaning that he had better things to mind, than to take up his thoughts and talk with the Faults of so bad a man,
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so notoriously known to all the World.
so notoriously known to all the World.
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Lastly, Let us set a watch before the door of our lips, and not speak but upon consideration:
Lastly, Let us Set a watch before the door of our lips, and not speak but upon consideration:
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I do not mean to speak finely, but fitly. Especially when thou speakest of others, consider of whom, and what thou art going to speak:
I do not mean to speak finely, but fitly. Especially when thou Speakest of Others, Consider of whom, and what thou art going to speak:
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Use great Caution and Circumspection in this matter: Look well about thee;
Use great Caution and Circumspection in this matter: Look well about thee;
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on every side of the thing, and on every Person in the Company, before thy words slip from thee;
on every side of the thing, and on every Person in the Company, before thy words slip from thee;
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which when they are once out of thy lips, are for ever out of thy power.
which when they Are once out of thy lips, Are for ever out of thy power.
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Not that men should be sullen in company, and say nothing;
Not that men should be sullen in company, and say nothing;
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or so stiff in conversation, as to drop nothing but Aphorisms and Oracles: Especially, among Equals and Friends, we should not be so reserved as if we would have it taken for a mighty favour that we vouchsafe to say any thing.
or so stiff in Conversation, as to drop nothing but Aphorisms and Oracles: Especially, among Equals and Friends, we should not be so reserved as if we would have it taken for a mighty favour that we vouchsafe to say any thing.
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If a Man had the understanding of an Angel, he must be contented to abate something of this excess of Wisdom, for fear of being thought Cunning. The true Art of Conversation,
If a Man had the understanding of an Angel, he must be contented to abate something of this excess of Wisdom, for Fear of being Thought Cunning. The true Art of Conversation,
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if any body can hit upon it, seems to be this; an appearing freedom and openness, with a resolute reservedness as little appearing as is possible.
if any body can hit upon it, seems to be this; an appearing freedom and openness, with a resolute reservedness as little appearing as is possible.
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All that I mean by this Caution is, that we should consider well what we say, especially of others.
All that I mean by this Caution is, that we should Consider well what we say, especially of Others.
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And to this end we should endeavour to get our minds furnished with matter of Discourse concerning things useful in themselves, and not hurtful to others:
And to this end we should endeavour to get our minds furnished with matter of Discourse Concerning things useful in themselves, and not hurtful to Others:
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And, if we have but a Mind wise enough, and good enough, we may easily find a Field large enough for innocent Conversation;
And, if we have but a Mind wise enough, and good enough, we may Easily find a Field large enough for innocent Conversation;
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such as will harm no body, and yet be acceptable enough to the better and wiser part of Mankind:
such as will harm no body, and yet be acceptable enough to the better and Wiser part of Mankind:
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And why should any one be at the cost of playing the fool to gratify any body whatsoever?
And why should any one be At the cost of playing the fool to gratify any body whatsoever?
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I have done with the Five things I propounded to speak to upon this Argument.
I have done with the Five things I propounded to speak to upon this Argument.
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But because hardly any thing can be so clear, but something may be said against it;
But Because hardly any thing can be so clear, but something may be said against it;
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nor any thing so bad, but something may be pleaded in excuse for it:
nor any thing so bad, but something may be pleaded in excuse for it:
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I shall therefore take notice of two or three Pleas that may be made for it.
I shall Therefore take notice of two or three Pleasant that may be made for it.
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First, Some pretend mighty injury and provocation. If in the same kind, it seems thou art sensible of it;
First, some pretend mighty injury and provocation. If in the same kind, it seems thou art sensible of it;
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and therefore thou of all men oughtest to abstain from it: But in what kind soever it be, the Christian Religion forbids Revenge.
and Therefore thou of all men Ought to abstain from it: But in what kind soever it be, the Christian Religion forbids Revenge.
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Therefore do not plead one Sin in excuse of another, and make Revenge an Apology for Reviling.
Therefore do not plead one since in excuse of Another, and make Revenge an Apology for Reviling.
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Secondly, It is alledged by others, with a little better grace, that if this Doctrine were practised, Conversation would be spoil'd,
Secondly, It is alleged by Others, with a little better grace, that if this Doctrine were practised, Conversation would be spoiled,
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and there would not be matter enough for pleasant discourse and entertainment. I answer, The design of this Discourse is to redress a great evil in Conversation,
and there would not be matter enough for pleasant discourse and entertainment. I answer, The Design of this Discourse is to redress a great evil in Conversation,
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and that I hope which mends it will not spoil it.
and that I hope which mends it will not spoil it.
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And however, if men's Tongues lay a little more still, and most of us spake a good deal less than we do, both of our selves and others, I see no great harm in it:
And however, if men's Tongues lay a little more still, and most of us spoke a good deal less than we do, both of our selves and Others, I see no great harm in it:
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I hope we might for all that live comfortably and in good health, and see many good days.
I hope we might for all that live comfortably and in good health, and see many good days.
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David, I am sure, prescribes it as an excellent Receipt, in his Opinion, for a quiet,
David, I am sure, prescribes it as an excellent Receipt, in his Opinion, for a quiet,
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and cheerful, and long Life, to refrain from evil-speaking;
and cheerful, and long Life, to refrain from Evil-speaking;
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Psal. 34. 12, 13. What man is he that desireth life, and loveth many days that he may see good? Keep thy tongue from evil,
Psalm 34. 12, 13. What man is he that Desires life, and loves many days that he may see good? Keep thy tongue from evil,
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and thy lips from speaking falshood.
and thy lips from speaking falsehood.
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But granting that there is some pleasure in Invective, I hope there is a great deal more in Innocence: And the more any man considers this, the truer he will find it;
But granting that there is Some pleasure in Invective, I hope there is a great deal more in Innocence: And the more any man considers this, the truer he will find it;
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and whenever we are serious, we our selves cannot but acknowledge it.
and whenever we Are serious, we our selves cannot but acknowledge it.
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When a man examines himself impartially before the Sacrament, or is put in mind upon a Death-bed to make reparation for Injuries done in this kind, he will then certainly be of this mind and wish he had not done them.
When a man examines himself impartially before the Sacrament, or is put in mind upon a Deathbed to make reparation for Injuries done in this kind, he will then Certainly be of this mind and wish he had not done them.
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For this certainly is one necessary qualification for the Blessed Sacrament, that we be in love and charity with our neighbours;
For this Certainly is one necessary qualification for the Blessed Sacrament, that we be in love and charity with our neighbours;
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with which temper of mind this quality is utterly inconsistent.
with which temper of mind this quality is utterly inconsistent.
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Thirdly, There is yet a more specious Plea than either of the former, that men will be encouraged to do ill if they can escape the tongues of men;
Thirdly, There is yet a more specious Plea than either of the former, that men will be encouraged to do ill if they can escape the tongues of men;
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as they would do, if this Doctrine did effectually take place:
as they would do, if this Doctrine did effectually take place:
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Because by this means one great restraint from doing evil would be taken away, which these good men who are so bent upon reforming the World, think would be great pity.
Because by this means one great restraint from doing evil would be taken away, which these good men who Are so bent upon reforming the World, think would be great pity.
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For many who will venture upon the displeasure of God, will yet abstain from doing bad things for fear of reproach from Men:
For many who will venture upon the displeasure of God, will yet abstain from doing bad things for Fear of reproach from Men:
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Besides, that this seems the most proper punishment of many Faults which the Laws of Men can take no notice of.
Beside, that this seems the most proper punishment of many Faults which the Laws of Men can take no notice of.
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Admitting all this to be true, yet it does not seem so good and laudable a way to punish one Fault by another.
Admitting all this to be true, yet it does not seem so good and laudable a Way to Punish one Fault by Another.
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But let no man encourage himself in an evil way with this hope, that he shall escape the censure of men:
But let no man encourage himself in an evil Way with this hope, that he shall escape the censure of men:
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When I have said all I can, there will, I fear, be evil-speaking enough in the World to chastise them that do ill:
When I have said all I can, there will, I Fear, be Evil-speaking enough in the World to chastise them that do ill:
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And tho we should hold our peace, there will be bad tongues enow to reproach men with their evil-doings.
And though we should hold our peace, there will be bad tongues enough to reproach men with their evil-doings.
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I wish we could but be persuaded to make the Experiment for a little while,
I wish we could but be persuaded to make the Experiment for a little while,
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whether men would not be sufficiently lash'd for their Faults, tho we sate by and said nothing.
whither men would not be sufficiently lashed for their Faults, though we sat by and said nothing.
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So that there is no need at all that good Men should be concern'd in this odious Work.
So that there is no need At all that good Men should be concerned in this odious Work.
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There will always be Offenders and Malefactors enow to be the Executioners to inflict this punishment upon one another.
There will always be Offenders and Malefactors enough to be the Executioners to inflict this punishment upon one Another.
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Therefore let no man presume upon Impunity on the one hand;
Therefore let no man presume upon Impunity on the one hand;
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and on the other, let no man despair but that this business will be sufficiently done one way or other.
and on the other, let no man despair but that this business will be sufficiently done one Way or other.
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I am very much mistaken, if we may not safely trust an ill-natur'd World that there will be no failure of Justice in this kind.
I am very much mistaken, if we may not safely trust an Ill-natured World that there will be no failure of justice in this kind.
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And here, if I durst, I would fain have said a word or two concerning that more publick sort of Obloquy by Lampoons and Libels, so much in fashion in this witty Age.
And Here, if I durst, I would fain have said a word or two Concerning that more public sort of Obloquy by Lampoons and Libels, so much in fashion in this witty Age.
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But I have no mind to provoke a very terrible sort of men.
But I have no mind to provoke a very terrible sort of men.
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Yet thus much I hope may be said without offence, that how much soever men are pleas'd to see others abused in this kind,
Yet thus much I hope may be said without offence, that how much soever men Are pleased to see Others abused in this kind,
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yet it is always grievous when it comes to their own turn:
yet it is always grievous when it comes to their own turn:
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However I cannot but hope that every man that impartially considers must own it to be a fault of a very high nature to revile those whom God hath placed in Authority over us,
However I cannot but hope that every man that impartially considers must own it to be a fault of a very high nature to revile those whom God hath placed in authority over us,
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and to slander the footsteps of the Lord's Anointed:
and to slander the footsteps of the Lord's Anointed:
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Especially since it is so expresly written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the Rulers of thy People.
Especially since it is so expressly written, Thou shalt not speak evil of the Rulers of thy People.
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Having represented the great evil of this Vice, it might not now be improper to say something to those who suffer by it.
Having represented the great evil of this Vice, it might not now be improper to say something to those who suffer by it.
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Are we guilty of the evil said of us? Let us reform, and cut off all occasions for the future;
are we guilty of the evil said of us? Let us reform, and Cut off all occasions for the future;
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and so turn the malice of our Enemies to our own advantage, and defeat their ill intentions by making so good an use of it:
and so turn the malice of our Enemies to our own advantage, and defeat their ill intentions by making so good an use of it:
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And then it will be well for us to have been evil spoken of. Are we innocent? We may so much the better bear it patiently;
And then it will be well for us to have been evil spoken of. are we innocent? We may so much the better bear it patiently;
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imitating herein the Pattern of our Blessed Saviour, Who when he was reviled, reviled not again,
imitating herein the Pattern of our Blessed Saviour, Who when he was reviled, reviled not again,
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but committed himself to him that judgeth righteously.
but committed himself to him that Judgeth righteously.
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We may consider likewise, that tho it be a misfortune to be evil-spoken of, it is their fault that do it, and not ours;
We may Consider likewise, that though it be a misfortune to be evil-spoken of, it is their fault that do it, and not ours;
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and therefore should not put us into Passion, because another man's being injurious to me is no good reason why I should be uneasy to my self.
and Therefore should not put us into Passion, Because Another Man's being injurious to me is not good reason why I should be uneasy to my self.
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We should not revenge the injuries done to us, no not upon them that do them, much less upon our selves.
We should not revenge the injuries done to us, no not upon them that do them, much less upon our selves.
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Let no man's Provocation make thee to lose thy Patience.
Let no Man's Provocation make thee to loose thy Patience.
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Be not such a fool, as to part with any one Virtue because some men are so malicious as to endeavour to rob thee of the Reputation of all the rest.
Be not such a fool, as to part with any one Virtue Because Some men Are so malicious as to endeavour to rob thee of the Reputation of all the rest.
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When men speak ill of thee, do as Plato said he would do in that case;
When men speak ill of thee, do as Plato said he would do in that case;
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Live so, as that no body may believe them.
Live so, as that no body may believe them.
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All that now remains is to reflect upon what hath been said, and to urge you and my self to do accordingly.
All that now remains is to reflect upon what hath been said, and to urge you and my self to do accordingly.
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For all is nothing, if we do not practise what we so plainly see to be our Duty.
For all is nothing, if we do not practise what we so plainly see to be our Duty.
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Many are so taken up with the deep Points and Mysteries of Religion, that they never think of the common Duties and Offices of human Life.
Many Are so taken up with the deep Points and Mysteres of Religion, that they never think of the Common Duties and Offices of human Life.
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But Faith and a good Life are so far from clashing with one another, that the Christian Religion hath made them inseparable.
But Faith and a good Life Are so Far from clashing with one Another, that the Christian Religion hath made them inseparable.
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True Faith is necessary in order to a good Life, and a good Life is the genuine product of a right Belief; and therefore the one never ought to be press'd to the prejudice of the other.
True Faith is necessary in order to a good Life, and a good Life is the genuine product of a right Belief; and Therefore the one never ought to be pressed to the prejudice of the other.
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I foresee what will be said, because I have heard it so often said in the like case;
I foresee what will be said, Because I have herd it so often said in the like case;
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that there is not one word of Jesus Christ in all this.
that there is not one word of jesus christ in all this.
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No more is there in the Text. And yet I hope that Jesus Christ is truly preach'd, whenever his Will and Laws, and the Duties enjoin'd by the Christian Religion are inculcated upon us.
No more is there in the Text. And yet I hope that jesus christ is truly preached, whenever his Will and Laws, and the Duties enjoined by the Christian Religion Are inculcated upon us.
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But some men are pleased to say, that this is mere Morality: I answer, that this is Scripture-Morality and Christian-Morality, and who hath any thing to say against that? Nay, I will go yet further, that no man ought to pretend to believe the Christian Religion, who lives in the neglect of so plain a Duty; and in the practice of a Sin so clearly condemn'd by it, as this of evil-speaking is.
But Some men Are pleased to say, that this is mere Morality: I answer, that this is Scripture-Morality and Christian-Morality, and who hath any thing to say against that? Nay, I will go yet further, that no man ought to pretend to believe the Christian Religion, who lives in the neglect of so plain a Duty; and in the practice of a since so clearly condemned by it, as this of Evil-speaking is.
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But because the Word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper than a two-edged Sword, yea sharper than Calumny itself;
But Because the Word of God is quick and powerful, and sharper than a two-edged Sword, yea sharper than Calumny itself;
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and pierceth the very Hearts and Consciences of men, laying us open to our selves, and convincing us of our more secret as well as our more visible Faults;
and pierces the very Hearts and Consciences of men, laying us open to our selves, and convincing us of our more secret as well as our more visible Faults;
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I shall therefore at one view represent to you what is dispersedly said concerning this Sin in the Holy Word of God.
I shall Therefore At one view represent to you what is dispersedly said Concerning this since in the Holy Word of God.
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And I have purposely reserved this to the last, because it is more persuasive and penetrating than any Humane Discourse.
And I have purposely reserved this to the last, Because it is more persuasive and penetrating than any Humane Discourse.
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And to this end be pleas'd to consider in what company the Holy Ghost doth usually mention this Sin. There is scarce any black Catalogue of Sins in the Bible but we find this among them;
And to this end be pleased to Consider in what company the Holy Ghost does usually mention this Sin. There is scarce any black Catalogue of Sins in the bible but we find this among them;
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in the company of the very worst Actions and most irregular Passions of men.
in the company of the very worst Actions and most irregular Passion of men.
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Out of the heart, says our Saviour, Matt. 15. 19. proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, false witness, evil speakings.
Out of the heart, Says our Saviour, Matt. 15. 19. proceed evil thoughts, murders, adulteries, fornications, false witness, evil speakings.
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And the Apostle, Rom. 1. 29. ranks backbiters with fornicators, and murderers, and haters of God; and with those of whom it is expresly said, 1 Cor. 6. 10. that they shall not inherit the Kingdom of God.
And the Apostle, Rom. 1. 29. ranks backbiters with fornicators, and murderers, and haters of God; and with those of whom it is expressly said, 1 Cor. 6. 10. that they shall not inherit the Kingdom of God.
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And when he enumerates the Sins of the last times, 2 Tim. 3. 2, 3. Men, says he, shall be lovers of themselves, covetous, boasters, evil-speakers, without natural affection, perfidious, false accusers, &c. And which is the strangest of all, they who are said to be guilty of these great Vices and Enormities are noted by the Apostle to be great pretenders to Religion;
And when he enumerates the Sins of the last times, 2 Tim. 3. 2, 3. Men, Says he, shall be lovers of themselves, covetous, boaster's, Evil-speakers, without natural affection, perfidious, false accusers, etc. And which is the strangest of all, they who Are said to be guilty of these great Vices and Enormities Are noted by the Apostle to be great pretenders to Religion;
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for so it follows in the next words, Having a form of godliness, but denying the power thereof.
for so it follows in the next words, Having a from of godliness, but denying the power thereof.
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So that it is no new thing for men to make a more than ordinary profession of Christianity, and yet at the same time to live in a most palpable contradiction to the Precepts of that Holy Religion: As if any pretence to Mystery and I know not what extraordinary attainments in the knowledge of Christ, could exempt men from obedience to his Laws,
So that it is no new thing for men to make a more than ordinary profession of Christianity, and yet At the same time to live in a most palpable contradiction to the Precepts of that Holy Religion: As if any pretence to Mystery and I know not what extraordinary attainments in the knowledge of christ, could exempt men from Obedience to his Laws,
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and set them above the Vertues of a good Life.
and Set them above the Virtues of a good Life.
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And now after all this, do we hardly think that to be a Sin, which is in Scripture so frequently rank'd with Murther and Adultery and the blackest Crimes; such as are inconsistent with the life and power of Religion,
And now After all this, do we hardly think that to be a since, which is in Scripture so frequently ranked with Murder and Adultery and the Blackest Crimes; such as Are inconsistent with the life and power of Religion,
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and will certainly shut men out of the Kingdom of God? Do we believe the Bible to be the Word of God? and can we allow our selves in the common practice of a Sin, than which there is hardly any Fault of mens Lives more frequently mention'd, more severely reprov'd,
and will Certainly shut men out of the Kingdom of God? Do we believe the bible to be the Word of God? and can we allow our selves in the Common practice of a since, than which there is hardly any Fault of men's Lives more frequently mentioned, more severely reproved,
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and more odiously branded in that Holy Book.
and more odiously branded in that Holy Book.
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Consider seriously these Texts, Psal. 15. 1. Who shall abide in thy Tabernacle, who shall dwell in thy holy Hill? He that backbiteth not with his tongue,
Consider seriously these Texts, Psalm 15. 1. Who shall abide in thy Tabernacle, who shall dwell in thy holy Hill? He that backbiteth not with his tongue,
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nor taketh up a reproach against his neighbour.
nor Takes up a reproach against his neighbour.
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Have ye never heard what our Saviour says, that of every idle word we must give an account in the day of Judgment;
Have you never herd what our Saviour Says, that of every idle word we must give an account in the day of Judgement;
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that by thy words thou sbalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemn'd? What can be more severe than that of St. James? If any man among you seemeth to be religious,
that by thy words thou sbalt be justified, and by thy words thou shalt be condemned? What can be more severe than that of Saint James? If any man among you seems to be religious,
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and bridleth not his tongue, that man's Religion is vain. To conclude:
and bridleth not his tongue, that Man's Religion is vain. To conclude:
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The Sin which I have now warned men against, is plainly condemn'd by the Word of God; and the Duty which I have now been persuading you to, is easy for every man to understand, not hard for any man, that can but resolve to keep a good guard upon himself for some time, by the grace of God to practice;
The since which I have now warned men against, is plainly condemned by the Word of God; and the Duty which I have now been persuading you to, is easy for every man to understand, not hard for any man, that can but resolve to keep a good guard upon himself for Some time, by the grace of God to practice;
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and most reasonable for all Men, but especially for all Christians, to observe.
and most reasonable for all Men, but especially for all Christians, to observe.
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It is as easy as a resolute silence upon just occasion, as reasonable as prudence and justice and charity, and the preservation of peace and good-will among men, can make it;
It is as easy as a resolute silence upon just occasion, as reasonable as prudence and Justice and charity, and the preservation of peace and goodwill among men, can make it;
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and of as necessary and indispensible an obligation, as the Authority of God can render any thing.
and of as necessary and indispensible an obligation, as the authority of God can render any thing.
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Upon all which Considerations let us every one of us be persuaded to take up David 's deliberate Resolution, Psal. 31. 1. I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I offend not with my tongue.
Upon all which Considerations let us every one of us be persuaded to take up David is deliberate Resolution, Psalm 31. 1. I said, I will take heed to my ways, that I offend not with my tongue.
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And I do verily believe, that would we but heartily endeavour to amend this one Fault, we should soon be better Men in our whole lives:
And I do verily believe, that would we but heartily endeavour to amend this one Fault, we should soon be better Men in our Whole lives:
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I mean, that the correcting of this Vice, together with those that are nearly allied to it,
I mean, that the correcting of this Vice, together with those that Are nearly allied to it,
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and may at the same time, and almost with the same resolution and care be corrected, would make us Owners of a great many considerable Vertues,
and may At the same time, and almost with the same resolution and care be corrected, would make us Owners of a great many considerable Virtues,
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and carry us on a good way towards perfection;
and carry us on a good Way towards perfection;
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it being hardly to be imagin'd that a man that makes conscience of his Words should not take an equal or a greater care of his Actions. And this I take to be both the true meaning,
it being hardly to be imagined that a man that makes conscience of his Words should not take an equal or a greater care of his Actions. And this I take to be both the true meaning,
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and the true reason of that saying of St. James, and with which I shall conclude:
and the true reason of that saying of Saint James, and with which I shall conclude:
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If any man offend not in Word, the same is a perfect man.
If any man offend not in Word, the same is a perfect man.
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Now the God of peace, who brought again from the dead our Lord Jesus Christ, the great Shepherd of the Sheep, through the blood of the everlasting Covenant, make you perfect in every good word and work, to do his will;
Now the God of peace, who brought again from the dead our Lord jesus christ, the great Shepherd of the Sheep, through the blood of the everlasting Covenant, make you perfect in every good word and work, to do his will;
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working in you always that which is wellpleasing in his sight, through Jesus Christ; To whom be glory for ever, Amen.
working in you always that which is Well-pleasing in his sighed, through jesus christ; To whom be glory for ever, Amen.
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A SERMON About the Government of the Thoughts, Preach'd before the King and Queen. PROV. iv. 23. Keep thy Heart with all diligence,
A SERMON About the Government of the Thoughts, Preached before the King and Queen. CURAE. iv. 23. Keep thy Heart with all diligence,
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for out of it are the issues of Life.
for out of it Are the issues of Life.
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THE Argument with which this Audience was entertained the last Lord's Day, being the Government of the Tongue; I cannot think it improper or unseasonable for me, who have the Honour to come next, to treat about the Government of the Thoughts: There being a near relation between these two,
THE Argument with which this Audience was entertained the last Lord's Day, being the Government of the Tongue; I cannot think it improper or unseasonable for me, who have the Honour to come next, to Treat about the Government of the Thoughts: There being a near Relation between these two,
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and a necessary dependance of the one upon the other.
and a necessary dependence of the one upon the other.
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Our Words indeed are more easily governed than our Thoughts, because they are more in our Power.
Our Words indeed Are more Easily governed than our Thoughts, Because they Are more in our Power.
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But it will be impossible either to govern our Words or our Actions, as we should,
But it will be impossible either to govern our Words or our Actions, as we should,
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unless we first bring our Thoughts in some measure under Government.
unless we First bring our Thoughts in Some measure under Government.
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I must confess this Argument of the Government of the Thoughts, though it be a very useful,
I must confess this Argument of the Government of the Thoughts, though it be a very useful,
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yet it seems also a very nice and difficult one, through the great variety of Cases, arising from Mens different Tempers, which will not come under the same Rules,
yet it seems also a very Nicaenae and difficult one, through the great variety of Cases, arising from Men's different Tempers, which will not come under the same Rules,
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and yet ought to be provided for. But however, this shall not discourage me from undertaking this Argument;
and yet ought to be provided for. But however, this shall not discourage me from undertaking this Argument;
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it shall only make me more careful as to what I say about it. That is, to have respect, as much as I can, to all sorts of Tempers,
it shall only make me more careful as to what I say about it. That is, to have respect, as much as I can, to all sorts of Tempers,
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and to deliver what I have to say with so much Plainness, that every body may go along with me.
and to deliver what I have to say with so much Plainness, that every body may go along with me.
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The Words, upon which I ground my Discourse, are those of Solomon, which I have read unto you,
The Words, upon which I ground my Discourse, Are those of Solomon, which I have read unto you,
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and which contain one of those Precepts that he lays down 〈 ◊ 〉 the Religious Conduct of our Lives.
and which contain one of those Precepts that he lays down 〈 ◊ 〉 the Religious Conduct of our Lives.
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Keep (saith he) thy Heart with all diligence, for out of it are the issues of Life.
Keep (Says he) thy Heart with all diligence, for out of it Are the issues of Life.
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Not to trouble you with what others have said upon this Text, I take the true Meaning of it to be this.
Not to trouble you with what Others have said upon this Text, I take the true Meaning of it to be this.
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By the [ Heart ] here, which we are exhorted to keep, we are to understand the Inward Thoughts and Motions, and Affections of our Souls or Spirits;
By the [ Heart ] Here, which we Are exhorted to keep, we Are to understand the Inward Thoughts and Motions, and Affections of our Souls or Spirits;
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all which in the inspired Writings are constantly said to be seated in the Heart. This undoubtedly is the Scripture Notion of the Heart.
all which in the inspired Writings Are constantly said to be seated in the Heart. This undoubtedly is the Scripture Notion of the Heart.
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And when we are here bid to keep our Hearts with all diligence, I think there is no question to be made, the Meaning is, That we should diligently attend to the Thoughts and Motions, and Affections of our Minds;
And when we Are Here bid to keep our Hearts with all diligence, I think there is no question to be made, the Meaning is, That we should diligently attend to the Thoughts and Motions, and Affections of our Minds;
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that we should watch them narrowly, lest at any time we should give our Consent to something we ought not.
that we should watch them narrowly, lest At any time we should give our Consent to something we ought not.
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This is the Meaning of keeping our Hearts with all diligence. And then a Reason is added, why it concerns us thus to keep them. And that is this.
This is the Meaning of keeping our Hearts with all diligence. And then a Reason is added, why it concerns us thus to keep them. And that is this.
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Because out of the heart are the issues of life. What is the Meaning of that Phrase? Plainly this.
Because out of the heart Are the issues of life. What is the Meaning of that Phrase? Plainly this.
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The Issues, the Fruits, the Effects that are shewn in our Lives and Conversation, do certainly proceed from the Heart,
The Issues, the Fruits, the Effects that Are shown in our Lives and Conversation, do Certainly proceed from the Heart,
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and therefore, accordingly as that is well or ill guarded or kept, so will our Lives and Conversations be.
and Therefore, accordingly as that is well or ill guarded or kept, so will our Lives and Conversations be.
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The Goodness or Badness of our Lives doth altogether depend upon the attending or not attending to the Thoughts, and Motions, and Inclinations of our Minds.
The goodness or Badness of our Lives does altogether depend upon the attending or not attending to the Thoughts, and Motions, and Inclinations of our Minds.
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As our Caution and Watchfulness in this Point is greater or less, so will our Course of Life be better or worse.
As our Caution and Watchfulness in this Point is greater or less, so will our Course of Life be better or Worse.
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And therefore it concerns us all, that mean to live well, to be infinitely careful in this Matter.
And Therefore it concerns us all, that mean to live well, to be infinitely careful in this Matter.
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This is a plain Account of the Advice that is here given us.
This is a plain Account of the advice that is Here given us.
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So that you see, if I mean to discourse pertinently to my Text, my Argument must be (what I said) the Care,
So that you see, if I mean to discourse pertinently to my Text, my Argument must be (what I said) the Care,
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and Management, and Government of our Thoughts, as they fall under a Religious Consideration. In treating of this Argument there seem to me Two Things needful to be done.
and Management, and Government of our Thoughts, as they fallen under a Religious Consideration. In treating of this Argument there seem to me Two Things needful to be done.
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First, To give an Account what Power a Man hath over his own Thoughts. Secondly, To shew wherein the Art of Governing of them doth consist.
First, To give an Account what Power a Man hath over his own Thoughts. Secondly, To show wherein the Art of Governing of them does consist.
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It is indeed this second thing which my Text naturally leads me to speak to:
It is indeed this second thing which my Text naturally leads me to speak to:
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But I cannot speak to that to any purpose, till I have made way for it by clearing the first. It is in vain to give Rules about the Government of our Thoughts, till we know how far we have Power over them;
But I cannot speak to that to any purpose, till I have made Way for it by clearing the First. It is in vain to give Rules about the Government of our Thoughts, till we know how Far we have Power over them;
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how far they fall, or do not fall, under our Conduct and Management.
how Far they fallen, or do not fallen, under our Conduct and Management.
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And I must needs say, that most of those I have met with, that have discours'd about the Government of Thoughts, by not enquiring into,
And I must needs say, that most of those I have met with, that have discoursed about the Government of Thoughts, by not inquiring into,
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and setling this Point, have been so far from benefiting all their Hearers, that desired to receive benefit by their good advices, that to several of them they have done harm:
and settling this Point, have been so Far from benefiting all their Hearers, that desired to receive benefit by their good advices, that to several of them they have done harm:
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Because as to them their advices have been perfectly unpracticable.
Because as to them their advices have been perfectly unpracticable.
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Now those that by their own Experience found them to be so, instead of considering that that Teacher might be in a mistake,
Now those that by their own Experience found them to be so, instead of considering that that Teacher might be in a mistake,
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or that He did not sufficiently weigh and examine the Case of all Persons he gave his advice to, have peremptorily concluded that they themselves were in the fault,
or that He did not sufficiently weigh and examine the Case of all Persons he gave his Advice to, have peremptorily concluded that they themselves were in the fault,
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and therefore they were in an evil condition, because they found themselves not able to live up to what was advised them.
and Therefore they were in an evil condition, Because they found themselves not able to live up to what was advised them.
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The first Question then is, How far a Man hath power over his own Thoughts.
The First Question then is, How Far a Man hath power over his own Thoughts.
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There is not indeed any single Answer to be given to this Question, that will fit all Men. For that is impossible.
There is not indeed any single Answer to be given to this Question, that will fit all Men. For that is impossible.
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It would be as unreasonable to demand it, as it would be to require of a Workman to make a Garment, that should fit all sorts and sizes of Men.
It would be as unreasonable to demand it, as it would be to require of a Workman to make a Garment, that should fit all sorts and sizes of Men.
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Some Men by the very Principles of their Make and Constitution, are much better able to govern their Thoughts than others.
some Men by the very Principles of their Make and Constitution, Are much better able to govern their Thoughts than Others.
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Some that are naturally weaker, have by long use and many tryals obtained a greater power over their Thoughts than others.
some that Are naturally Weaker, have by long use and many trials obtained a greater power over their Thoughts than Others.
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Again, the same Persons that at some times have a greater power over the motions of their Minds, may at other times have a less Command over them;
Again, the same Persons that At Some times have a greater power over the motions of their Minds, may At other times have a less Command over them;
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and this according as their Health, or their Business, or a hundred Contingencies of outward things do affect them.
and this according as their Health, or their Business, or a hundred Contingencies of outward things do affect them.
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So that all that can be done, as to this matter, is to lay down some general Propositions, which every Body is to apply to himself as there is Occasion.
So that all that can be done, as to this matter, is to lay down Some general Propositions, which every Body is to apply to himself as there is Occasion.
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And Five of this kind I have to offer, and which, I think, will take in all,
And Five of this kind I have to offer, and which, I think, will take in all,
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or the greatest part of what belongs to this Argument.
or the greatest part of what belongs to this Argument.
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The first Proposition I lay down is this, That the first Motions of our Minds are very little,
The First Proposition I lay down is this, That the First Motions of our Minds Are very little,
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if at all, in our power.
if At all, in our power.
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By the first Motions of our Minds, I mean those sudden Thoughts, or Apprehensions, or Passions,
By the First Motions of our Minds, I mean those sudden Thoughts, or Apprehensions, or Passion,
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or Desires, which are excited in our Minds by any Object that is at that time presented to our Imagination.
or Desires, which Are excited in our Minds by any Object that is At that time presented to our Imagination.
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As to these, I say, we are not so much Masters of our selves as to be able to stop them;
As to these, I say, we Are not so much Masters of our selves as to be able to stop them;
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nay, though perhaps they be very irregular.
nay, though perhaps they be very irregular.
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And the Reason is, because they are produced so quick, that there is not time enough given for Reason to interpose.
And the Reason is, Because they Are produced so quick, that there is not time enough given for Reason to interpose.
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There is no necessity indeed that a Man should give Consent to these Motions;
There is no necessity indeed that a Man should give Consent to these Motions;
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but as for their coming into his Mind, he can no more help it, than he can help his present Temper,
but as for their coming into his Mind, he can no more help it, than he can help his present Temper,
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or the present Circumstances he is ingaged in. Thus for Instance.
or the present circumstances he is engaged in. Thus for Instance.
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Do you think it possible for a Man that is of a Fiery Passionate Temper, to avoid the feeling a sudden Resentment of Anger arising in his Mind,
Do you think it possible for a Man that is of a Fiery Passionate Temper, to avoid the feeling a sudden Resentment of Anger arising in his Mind,
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if he meets with any unexpected Affront, or other great Provocation? Or for a Man that desires to be well thought of, not to entertain some Vanity of Imagination,
if he meets with any unexpected Affront, or other great Provocation? Or for a Man that Desires to be well Thought of, not to entertain Some Vanity of Imagination,
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when he hears himself commended or flatterd? Or for a Man that is addicted to Pleasures, not to feel some irregular Inclinations in himself towards the gratifying his Appetites in those things,
when he hears himself commended or flattered? Or for a Man that is addicted to Pleasures, not to feel Some irregular Inclinations in himself towards the gratifying his Appetites in those things,
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when he hath all the Temptations before him? And thus in all other Cases.
when he hath all the Temptations before him? And thus in all other Cases.
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I grant indeed that a Man by long Consideration, and a serious exercising himself in the ways of Vertue and Piety, may bring himself to that Temper, that he shall not have so many irregular undecent Motions in his own Mind, upon any occasion whatsoever,
I grant indeed that a Man by long Consideration, and a serious exercising himself in the ways of Virtue and Piety, may bring himself to that Temper, that he shall not have so many irregular undecent Motions in his own Mind, upon any occasion whatsoever,
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as he was wont to have; and that those that were formerly Temptations to him, will at last be none:
as he was wont to have; and that those that were formerly Temptations to him, will At last be none:
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But still I say, the first Motions and Workings of his Mind however they be occasioned, are in a great measure out of his power; he cannot stop them;
But still I say, the First Motions and Workings of his Mind however they be occasioned, Are in a great measure out of his power; he cannot stop them;
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and therefore the Art of governing his Thoughts doth not lye there.
and Therefore the Art of governing his Thoughts does not lie there.
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The second Proposition I lay down is this, When a Man's Mind is vigorously affected and possessed, either with the outward Objects of sense,
The second Proposition I lay down is this, When a Man's Mind is vigorously affected and possessed, either with the outward Objects of sense,
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or with inward Passions of any kind, in that Case he hath little or no Command of his Thoughts.
or with inward Passion of any kind, in that Case he hath little or no Command of his Thoughts.
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His Mind at that time will be in a manner wholly taken up with that it is then full of â–ª Nor will he be able, till those Impressions be worn off, to think freely of what he pleaseth.
His Mind At that time will be in a manner wholly taken up with that it is then full of â–ª Nor will he be able, till those Impressions be worn off, to think freely of what he Pleases.
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Thus for Instance, VVhen a Man is under a sharp, tormenting Pain;
Thus for Instance, When a Man is under a sharp, tormenting Pain;
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as he cannot avoid the feeling of that Pain, so neither can he avoid the thinking of it.
as he cannot avoid the feeling of that Pain, so neither can he avoid the thinking of it.
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VVhen one is full of Grief for the loss of a dear Relation; or transported with Passion for some unworthy usage he hath met with:
When one is full of Grief for the loss of a dear Relation; or transported with Passion for Some unworthy usage he hath met with:
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It is in vain to say, Pray think not of these Matters;
It is in vain to say, Pray think not of these Matters;
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for these things must and will in a great measure imploy his Thoughts, till his Passions do cool,
for these things must and will in a great measure employ his Thoughts, till his Passion do cool,
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and the Impressions that caused them be vanished.
and the Impressions that caused them be vanished.
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Thus for a Man to come from some Business in which he is more than ordinarily concerned;
Thus for a Man to come from Some Business in which he is more than ordinarily concerned;
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or from the hearing some very good or very bad News; I say, to come fresh from this to the saying his Prayers:
or from the hearing Some very good or very bad News; I say, to come fresh from this to the saying his Prayers:
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I do not, I cannot wonder, that in this case his Mind will be much upon his Business, or his News, notwithstanding all his Endeavours to the contrary.
I do not, I cannot wonder, that in this case his Mind will be much upon his Business, or his News, notwithstanding all his Endeavours to the contrary.
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For the Nature of Man is such, that he cannot so of a sudden turn his mind from one Business to another;
For the Nature of Man is such, that he cannot so of a sudden turn his mind from one Business to Another;
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but that if he did closely and vigorously apply himself to the first Business, his Thoughts will for some time run upon it,
but that if he did closely and vigorously apply himself to the First Business, his Thoughts will for Some time run upon it,
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even after he hath applied his Mind to the other.
even After he hath applied his Mind to the other.
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I do not deny, but that a Man may often so order his Affairs, as to be able to keep his Mind clear and free from such Prepossessions as I am now speaking of,
I do not deny, but that a Man may often so order his Affairs, as to be able to keep his Mind clear and free from such Prepossessions as I am now speaking of,
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so as that when he comes to apply himself to any Business he hath a mind to, he may intend it with his whole Might.
so as that when he comes to apply himself to any Business he hath a mind to, he may intend it with his Whole Might.
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But this I say, If our Minds be once engaged with warm Thoughts about any thing;
But this I say, If our Minds be once engaged with warm Thoughts about any thing;
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it is very hard, if not impossible, to get them disengaged on a sudden. So that the Art of Governing our Thoughts doth not much lie in that neither.
it is very hard, if not impossible, to get them disengaged on a sudden. So that the Art of Governing our Thoughts does not much lie in that neither.
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Thirdly, There are some Cases likewise, where a Man's Thoughts are in a manner forced upon him, from the present Temper and Indisposition of his Body.
Thirdly, There Are Some Cases likewise, where a Man's Thoughts Are in a manner forced upon him, from the present Temper and Indisposition of his Body.
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So that though he be in no Passion, though there be no unusual Objects of Sense that excite those T•oughts in him;
So that though he be in no Passion, though there be no unusual Objects of Sense that excite those T•oughts in him;
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nay, though he never so much resolve not to think upon those things;
nay, though he never so much resolve not to think upon those things;
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yet so long as that Habit of Body lasts, he cannot avoid those kind of Thoughts:
yet so long as that Habit of Body lasts, he cannot avoid those kind of Thoughts:
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So that in this Case also, there is little room left for the Government of Thoughts.
So that in this Case also, there is little room left for the Government of Thoughts.
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That which I now say, happens frequently, not only in all sorts of Distempers where the Brain is visibly disturbed,
That which I now say, happens frequently, not only in all sorts of Distempers where the Brain is visibly disturbed,
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as in Feavers, and the like; which often cause a thousand delirous Fancies, and sometimes down-right Madness and Distraction:
as in Fevers, and the like; which often cause a thousand delirious Fancies, and sometime downright Madness and Distraction:
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But also in other Cases where there seems to be no Feaver, or other visible Distemper;
But also in other Cases where there seems to be no Fever, or other visible Distemper;
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nor doth the Brain, as to other matters, seem to be at all disorder'd; but the persons, in all appearance, are sound both in Body and Mind.
nor does the Brain, as to other matters, seem to be At all disordered; but the Persons, in all appearance, Are found both in Body and Mind.
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And this is the Case of some deeply Hypochondriac Persons;
And this is the Case of Some deeply Hypochondriac Persons;
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many of which will be haunted with a Sett of Thoughts and Fancies, that they can by no means get rid of,
many of which will be haunted with a Set of Thoughts and Fancies, that they can by no means get rid of,
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though they desire it never so earnestly.
though they desire it never so earnestly.
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Sometimes they cannot get it out of their Heads, but that they are Atheists and Infidels; they neither believe in God nor in Jesus Christ,
Sometime they cannot get it out of their Heads, but that they Are Atheists and Infidels; they neither believe in God nor in jesus christ,
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nor have any sense at all of Religion.
nor have any sense At all of Religion.
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Sometimes they are tormented with Blasphemous Thoughts, and they cannot set themselves to the Performance of any Office of Devotion,
Sometime they Are tormented with Blasphemous Thoughts, and they cannot Set themselves to the Performance of any Office of Devotion,
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but a thousand impious Fancies will come in and spoil all.
but a thousand impious Fancies will come in and spoil all.
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Sometimes they fancy they are guilty of several grievous Crimes, which it is to be hoped, it was hardly possible they should be guilty of;
Sometime they fancy they Are guilty of several grievous Crimes, which it is to be hoped, it was hardly possible they should be guilty of;
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nay, you cannot convince them but that they do every day commit some of these Crimes,
nay, you cannot convince them but that they do every day commit Some of these Crimes,
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because they imagine they give consent to them.
Because they imagine they give consent to them.
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And whilest these sorts of Thoughts fill their Imaginations, there is not a Passage in the Bible that they read,
And whilst these sorts of Thoughts fill their Imaginations, there is not a Passage in the bible that they read,
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nor a Sermon that they hear, but they find something in it, which they do so perversly apply to their own Case,
nor a Sermon that they hear, but they find something in it, which they do so perversely apply to their own Case,
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as thereby to increase their trouble, but not to get any relief.
as thereby to increase their trouble, but not to get any relief.
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I have known several well-disposed Persons, and some of them sincerely Pious, that have been in this Condition.
I have known several well-disposed Persons, and Some of them sincerely Pious, that have been in this Condition.
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What now is to be said to this? Why, it is very certain that all these Thoughts and Fancies are thrust upon them,
What now is to be said to this? Why, it is very certain that all these Thoughts and Fancies Are thrust upon them,
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and are not the free, natural, voluntary Operations of their own Minds; but the effects of Vapours or Hypochondriac Melancholly.
and Are not the free, natural, voluntary Operations of their own Minds; but the effects of Vapours or Hypochondriac Melancholy.
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Nor can the Persons themselves any more help their thus Thinking, or Fancying, than they can help the Disturbances of their Dreams when they have a mind to sleep quietly.
Nor can the Persons themselves any more help their thus Thinking, or Fancying, than they can help the Disturbances of their Dreams when they have a mind to sleep quietly.
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Indeed we may properly enough call these Fancies of theirs, their waking Dreams; as their Dreams are their sleeping Fancies.
Indeed we may properly enough call these Fancies of theirs, their waking Dreams; as their Dreams Are their sleeping Fancies.
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Well but now of all Persons whatsoever, these People are most desirous to have Rules given them for the Government of the Thoughts.
Well but now of all Persons whatsoever, these People Are most desirous to have Rules given them for the Government of the Thoughts.
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And I cannot blame them, because their Thoughts are certainly very Troublesome.
And I cannot blame them, Because their Thoughts Are Certainly very Troublesome.
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But truly if we would speak pertinently to their Case, instead of giving them Advices for the regulating their Thoughts, they should rather be advised to look after their Bodies, and by the help of good Prescriptions to get rid of those Fumes and Vapours which occasion these Fancies.
But truly if we would speak pertinently to their Case, instead of giving them Advices for the regulating their Thoughts, they should rather be advised to look After their Bodies, and by the help of good Prescriptions to get rid of those Fumes and Vapours which occasion these Fancies.
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When the Cause is removed, the Effect will soon cease.
When the Cause is removed, the Effect will soon cease.
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I do not in the least doubt, whatever these People may think of their own Case,
I do not in the least doubt, whatever these People may think of their own Case,
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but that this is as properly a Bodily Disease, as a Feaver, or Fits of the Falling Sickness.
but that this is as properly a Bodily Disease, as a Fever, or Fits of the Falling Sickness.
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In the mean time, while they are in this Condition, whatever Rules are proper to be given to other Persons for the Government of the Thoughts, of all People living those Rules do the least concern them.
In the mean time, while they Are in this Condition, whatever Rules Are proper to be given to other Persons for the Government of the Thoughts, of all People living those Rules do the least concern them.
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For those Thoughts which they complain of, do not at all fall under Regulation or Government;
For those Thoughts which they complain of, do not At all fallen under Regulation or Government;
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because they are suggested to their Minds whether they will or no.
Because they Are suggested to their Minds whither they will or no.
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And for my part, I think it a great deal more advisable (if it could be) to neglect and despise them;
And for my part, I think it a great deal more advisable (if it could be) to neglect and despise them;
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then to be perpetually strugling and disputing with them, and vexing themselves about them.
then to be perpetually struggling and disputing with them, and vexing themselves about them.
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But, you will say, if Men be such Slaves to their Thoughts, and are thus necessarily passive under them, where is the Freedom of Thoughts? To this I answer.
But, you will say, if Men be such Slaves to their Thoughts, and Are thus necessarily passive under them, where is the Freedom of Thoughts? To this I answer.
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In the fourth place, out of these three Cases I before mentioned, we have Liberty of Thinking, and may chuse our own Thoughts.
In the fourth place, out of these three Cases I before mentioned, we have Liberty of Thinking, and may choose our own Thoughts.
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And that Liberty and Freedom we have in Thinking, doth, to my apprehension, mainly consist in this, viz. That all of us (who are not in the Circumstances I have been hitherto speaking of) can,
And that Liberty and Freedom we have in Thinking, does, to my apprehension, mainly consist in this, viz. That all of us (who Are not in the circumstances I have been hitherto speaking of) can,
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if we please, apply our Minds more vigorously to one sort of thing than to another;
if we please, apply our Minds more vigorously to one sort of thing than to Another;
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and accordingly as we do thus apply our Minds, so will the most of our Thoughts be.
and accordingly as we do thus apply our Minds, so will the most of our Thoughts be.
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It is in our power among the multitude of Objects which present themselves to our Mind, (as for Instance, God, Vertue, Holiness, Heaven, Wealth, Power, Greatness, Preferments, Fine Clothes, Splendid Equipage, Sensuat Pleasures, Recreations, Divertisements, Knowledge, Learning, Arts, and the like:
It is in our power among the multitude of Objects which present themselves to our Mind, (as for Instance, God, Virtue, Holiness, Heaven, Wealth, Power, Greatness, Preferments, Fine Clothes, Splendid Equipage, Sensuat Pleasures, Recreations, Divertisements, Knowledge, Learning, Arts, and the like:
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I say, that among all this multitude of Objects that present themselves to our Minds) it is in our power to determine our selves, which of them we will dwell upon, and make a Business of.
I say, that among all this multitude of Objects that present themselves to our Minds) it is in our power to determine our selves, which of them we will dwell upon, and make a Business of.
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And accordingly, when at any time we have pitched upon any of them, as a Business, it is in our power to mind that Business, either more or less diligently.
And accordingly, when At any time we have pitched upon any of them, as a Business, it is in our power to mind that Business, either more or less diligently.
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And if it be such a one, as that we mean in good earnest to concern our selves about it, it will then so fill our Minds,
And if it be such a one, as that we mean in good earnest to concern our selves about it, it will then so fill our Minds,
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as that by attending to that, we shall either prevent in a great measure other Thoughts from coming into our Heads;
as that by attending to that, we shall either prevent in a great measure other Thoughts from coming into our Heads;
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or if they do come in, they will not long stay there, but will very speedily give place to that which is our main Business at that time.
or if they do come in, they will not long stay there, but will very speedily give place to that which is our main Business At that time.
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And the Reason of this is plain;
And the Reason of this is plain;
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Because our Natures are of that Make, that two things at once cannot well possess our Minds;
Because our Nature's Are of that Make, that two things At once cannot well possess our Minds;
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and therefore if we be intent about one thing, we cannot have much room or leisure for Thoughts of another Nature.
and Therefore if we be intent about one thing, we cannot have much room or leisure for Thoughts of Another Nature.
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But then Fifthly and lastly, Though this that I have said be the true Nature of that power we have over our Thoughts,
But then Fifthly and lastly, Though this that I have said be the true Nature of that power we have over our Thoughts,
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as to the directing them to a particular Object:
as to the directing them to a particular Object:
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Yet there is another power we have over them that ought here more especially to be considered;
Yet there is Another power we have over them that ought Here more especially to be considered;
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because in it are laid the very Foundations of Vertue and Vice, and upon account of it, all our Thoughts become either morally good or evil.
Because in it Are laid the very Foundations of Virtue and Vice, and upon account of it, all our Thoughts become either morally good or evil.
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That which I mean is this. Though we cannot in many Cases, think always of what we would;
That which I mean is this. Though we cannot in many Cases, think always of what we would;
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nay, though we cannot hinder abundance of Thoughts from coming into our Minds against our will:
nay, though we cannot hinder abundance of Thoughts from coming into our Minds against our will:
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Yet it is always in our power to assent to our Thoughts, or to deny our Consent to them.
Yet it is always in our power to assent to our Thoughts, or to deny our Consent to them.
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And here it is that the Morality of our Thoughts begins. According as we Assent or Dissent to the Motions that are made in our Minds;
And Here it is that the Morality of our Thoughts begins. According as we Assent or Dissent to the Motions that Are made in our Minds;
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so will our Thoughts have the Notion of Vertuous or Sinful Thoughts.
so will our Thoughts have the Notion of Virtuous or Sinful Thoughts.
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VVhen any Temptations are presented to us from without, we cannot perhaps (as I said before) avoid the feeling an irregular Passion,
When any Temptations Are presented to us from without, we cannot perhaps (as I said before) avoid the feeling an irregular Passion,
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or Motion, or Inclination stirring within us upon occasion thereof:
or Motion, or Inclination stirring within us upon occasion thereof:
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But yet at that very-time it is in our power, whether we will comply with those Passions and Inclinations, or not;
But yet At that very-time it is in our power, whither we will comply with those Passion and Inclinations, or not;
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whether we will consent to them, or not; whether we will pursue them further or not.
whither we will consent to them, or not; whither we will pursue them further or not.
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Now if we do not consent to them, but endeavour to stop, and stifle, and resist them as soon as we are aware of them;
Now if we do not consent to them, but endeavour to stop, and stifle, and resist them as soon as we Are aware of them;
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there is yet no harm done.
there is yet no harm done.
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Our Thoughts, how undecent or irregular soever they were, are rather to be accounted the Infirmities of our Corrupt Nature,
Our Thoughts, how undecent or irregular soever they were, Are rather to be accounted the Infirmities of our Corrupt Nature,
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than our Sins properly so called.
than our Sins properly so called.
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And thus it is likewise as to our Wandering Thoughts in our Prayers. If we strive against them,
And thus it is likewise as to our Wandering Thoughts in our Prayers. If we strive against them,
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and endeavour to keep our Minds in a Devout Composed Temper, and attend as well as we can to the Duty we are about:
and endeavour to keep our Minds in a Devout Composed Temper, and attend as well as we can to the Duty we Are about:
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I say, if we do this, I hope those Distractions and Wanderings will never rise up in Judgment against us.
I say, if we do this, I hope those Distractions and Wanderings will never rise up in Judgement against us.
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And as for the frightful Blasphemous Fancies, which, as I told you, some, even Pious Persons are tormented with:
And as for the frightful Blasphemous Fancies, which, as I told you, Some, even Pious Persons Are tormented with:
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As to them, I say, they, of all other irregular Thoughts, have the least danger of Sin in them,
As to them, I say, they, of all other irregular Thoughts, have the least danger of since in them,
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though they be not so solemnly and formally disputed with, and contested against.
though they be not so solemnly and formally disputed with, and contested against.
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Because indeed they are so terrible in their own Nature, that no Man in his Wits,
Because indeed they Are so terrible in their own Nature, that no Man in his Wits,
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and that hath any sense of God or Goodness, can be supposed to consent to them.
and that hath any sense of God or goodness, can be supposed to consent to them.
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They are indeed great Infeticities, but by no means any Sin, any farther than we approve of them;
They Are indeed great Infeticities, but by no means any since, any farther than we approve of them;
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and to approve of them for any tolerably good Man is impossible.
and to approve of them for any tolerably good Man is impossible.
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But then on the other side, If we consent to any wicked Motion or Inclination that we feel in our selves;
But then on the other side, If we consent to any wicked Motion or Inclination that we feel in our selves;
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let it come in how it will, never so suddenly, never so unexpectedly;
let it come in how it will, never so suddenly, never so unexpectedly;
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if we close with any Thought that prompts us to Evil, so as to be pleased with it, to delight in it, to think of pursuing it, till it be brought into Action:
if we close with any Thought that prompts us to Evil, so as to be pleased with it, to delight in it, to think of pursuing it, till it be brought into Actium:
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In that case we are no longer to plead our Original Corruption; for in that very instant we become Actual Sinners; Actual Transgressors of the Law of God, the Obligation of which reaches to our very Hearts and Thoughts as well as our Actions.
In that case we Are no longer to plead our Original Corruption; for in that very instant we become Actual Sinners; Actual Transgressors of the Law of God, the Obligation of which reaches to our very Hearts and Thoughts as well as our Actions.
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Tho' yet we are not so great Transgressors, so long as our Sin is only in Thought, or Desire, or Purpose;
Though yet we Are not so great Transgressors, so long as our since is only in Thought, or Desire, or Purpose;
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as if it had proceeded to outward Action.
as if it had proceeded to outward Actium.
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All this is taught us for true Divinity, by no less an Author than St. James, in the first Chapter of his Epistle, v. 13, 14, 15. Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God; for God tempteth no man.
All this is taught us for true Divinity, by no less an Author than Saint James, in the First Chapter of his Epistle, v. 13, 14, 15. Let no man say when he is tempted, I am tempted of God; for God tempts no man.
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But every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed.
But every man is tempted when he is drawn away of his own lust, and enticed.
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Then when lust hath conceived, it bringeth forth sin, and sin, when it is finished, bringeth forth Death.
Then when lust hath conceived, it brings forth since, and since, when it is finished, brings forth Death.
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Which passage of the Apostle doth plainly contain these three Propositions.
Which passage of the Apostle does plainly contain these three Propositions.
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First, That no Man is drawn to commit Sin by any State or Condition that God hath put him into;
First, That no Man is drawn to commit since by any State or Condition that God hath put him into;
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no, nor by any Temptation, either outward or inward, that is presented to him. It is not a Sin to be tempted;
no, nor by any Temptation, either outward or inward, that is presented to him. It is not a since to be tempted;
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no, nor to feel that we are tempted by some disorderly Inclination that arises in our Minds thereupon.
no, nor to feel that we Are tempted by Some disorderly Inclination that arises in our Minds thereupon.
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But, second, then our Sin begins, when we yield to the Temptation, when we are drawn away by our own Lusts,
But, second, then our since begins, when we yield to the Temptation, when we Are drawn away by our own Lustiest,
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and enticed, when they get the Victory over us, and we do consent to them. Then Lust hath conceived, and bringeth forth Sin.
and enticed, when they get the Victory over us, and we do consent to them. Then Lust hath conceived, and brings forth Sin.
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But, Thirdly, Though the very consent of our Wills to a Temptation, be a Sin in us;
But, Thirdly, Though the very consent of our Wills to a Temptation, be a since in us;
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yet that Sin is not so great as it will be afterwards, if it be brought to Action.
yet that since is not so great as it will be afterwards, if it be brought to Actium.
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Sin in the desire or purpose, is but an Embryo; it is but the first Rudiments of Sin;
since in the desire or purpose, is but an Embryo; it is but the First Rudiments of since;
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but when it comes to be acted, it is then a Sin in its full dimensions;
but when it comes to be acted, it is then a since in its full dimensions;
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and the Consequents of it may be Fatal without Repentance. Sin when it is finished bringeth forth Death.
and the Consequents of it may be Fatal without Repentance. since when it is finished brings forth Death.
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Having thus given some Account, how far our Hearts or Thoughts do fall under Government; I now come to my Second Point, that is, to treat of the Art of Governing them, or to lay down the necessary Rules and Directions, which are to be observed in order thereunto.
Having thus given Some Account, how Far our Hearts or Thoughts do fallen under Government; I now come to my Second Point, that is, to Treat of the Art of Governing them, or to lay down the necessary Rules and Directions, which Are to be observed in order thereunto.
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And we shall not need to go far for these Rules, for they will all naturally flow from the Principles I have already laid down.
And we shall not need to go Far for these Rules, for they will all naturally flow from the Principles I have already laid down.
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And I think, they may conveniently enough be reduced likewise to these Five following.
And I think, they may conveniently enough be reduced likewise to these Five following.
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First, From what hath been said, it appears, that the First and great Point to be done by us,
First, From what hath been said, it appears, that the First and great Point to be done by us,
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if we would keep our Hearts in a good Frame, and order our Thoughts to good purposes, is, that we rightly pitch our main Designs;
if we would keep our Hearts in a good Frame, and order our Thoughts to good Purposes, is, that we rightly pitch our main Designs;
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that we chuse that for the great business of our Lives, that really ought to be so.
that we choose that for the great business of our Lives, that really ought to be so.
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Now what that is, can bear no dispute with any Man that will fairly use his Reason.
Now what that is, can bear no dispute with any Man that will fairly use his Reason.
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For certainly, that which is our greatest Concernment in the World, ought to be our greatest Business and Design in the World.
For Certainly, that which is our greatest Concernment in the World, ought to be our greatest Business and Design in the World.
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And it is evident to every one, that believes he hath a Soul to save, that his greatest Concernment of all, is, to approve himself to that God who made him,
And it is evident to every one, that believes he hath a Soul to save, that his greatest Concernment of all, is, to approve himself to that God who made him,
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and disposes of all his affairs;
and disposes of all his affairs;
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and who accordingly as we sincerely endeavour, or not endeavour to serve him, will make us either very Happy,
and who accordingly as we sincerely endeavour, or not endeavour to serve him, will make us either very Happy,
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or very Miserable, both in this Life and the other.
or very Miserable, both in this Life and the other.
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So that there can, as I said, be no Dispute about what ought to be the great Business and Design of our whole Lives,
So that there can, as I said, be no Dispute about what ought to be the great Business and Design of our Whole Lives,
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and to which all other Businesses must yield. Now if we be so wise, as really to propose this as our main End,
and to which all other Businesses must yield. Now if we be so wise, as really to propose this as our main End,
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and resolve to mind it, and follow it as such; I say, if we be so wise as to do this;
and resolve to mind it, and follow it as such; I say, if we be so wise as to do this;
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we have made a very great step towards the obtaining a security to our selves, that the greatest part of our Thoughts,
we have made a very great step towards the obtaining a security to our selves, that the greatest part of our Thoughts,
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and Desires, and Affections, will be such as they should be; such as will be acceptable to God, and satisfactory to our selves.
and Desires, and Affections, will be such as they should be; such as will be acceptable to God, and satisfactory to our selves.
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For as I told you before, whatever is our main Business, be it what it will, it will, in a great measure, draw all our Thoughts to it.
For as I told you before, whatever is our main Business, be it what it will, it will, in a great measure, draw all our Thoughts to it.
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Our Natures are so contrived, that we must always be thinking of some thing or other.
Our Nature's Are so contrived, that we must always be thinking of Some thing or other.
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But then they are so contrived likewise, that we think most of that, which is most in our Eye, most in our Esteem, most in our Pursuit.
But then they Are so contrived likewise, that we think most of that, which is most in our Eye, most in our Esteem, most in our Pursuit.
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And this is that which our Saviour tells us; Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
And this is that which our Saviour tells us; Where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.
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Whatever it be that you place your Happiness in, upon that will your Thoughts run; upon that will your Desires, your Inclinations, your Affections, be fixed.
Whatever it be that you place your Happiness in, upon that will your Thoughts run; upon that will your Desires, your Inclinations, your Affections, be fixed.
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We have a VVorld of Instances of the truth of this every day before our Eyes.
We have a World of Instances of the truth of this every day before our Eyes.
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If a Man hath set his heart on Money, and proposeth it to himself, as the Business of his Life, to be Rich:
If a Man hath Set his heart on Money, and Proposeth it to himself, as the Business of his Life, to be Rich:
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VVhy, I dare say, such a one will own to you, that most of his Thoughts are upon that Project;
Why, I Dare say, such a one will own to you, that most of his Thoughts Are upon that Project;
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and that he finds it so far from being difficult to keep his Mind close and steady to his Main Interest, as he calls it;
and that he finds it so Far from being difficult to keep his Mind close and steady to his Main Interest, as he calls it;
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that it is rather difficult to him to think of any other Matters. If a Man be given up to Pleasure, and thinks nothing worthy his living for,
that it is rather difficult to him to think of any other Matters. If a Man be given up to Pleasure, and thinks nothing worthy his living for,
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but VVine and VVomen, and good Eating and good Company;
but VVine and VVomen, and good Eating and good Company;
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Is it not natural to such an one to bend all his Thoughts that way? Or doth he put any force or violence upon himself, in thinking and contriving all the day long,
Is it not natural to such an one to bend all his Thoughts that Way? Or does he put any force or violence upon himself, in thinking and contriving all the day long,
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how to bring to pass the Gratification of his Lusts or his Appetites.
how to bring to pass the Gratification of his Lustiest or his Appetites.
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VVhy, my Brethren, if we did all of us in good earnest make the Service of God,
Why, my Brothers, if we did all of us in good earnest make the Service of God,
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and the purchasing Heaven and Happiness to our selves, as much our Business, our End, our Design,
and the purchasing Heaven and Happiness to our selves, as much our Business, our End, our Design,
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as these Men make VVealth or Pleasure to be theirs, we should certainly be thus affected.
as these Men make VVealth or Pleasure to be theirs, we should Certainly be thus affected.
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The common Course of our Thoughts, would naturally and easily, without the least constraint, run upon those Objects:
The Common Course of our Thoughts, would naturally and Easily, without the least constraint, run upon those Objects:
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And we should take as great delight in Thinking of our Treasure, and Contriving for the obtaining of it;
And we should take as great delight in Thinking of our Treasure, and Contriving for the obtaining of it;
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as they do in Thinking and Projecting for theirs. I say, Thus it would be with us.
as they do in Thinking and Projecting for theirs. I say, Thus it would be with us.
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For I cannot for my Life apprehend, what Charms there can be in Worldly or Sensual Things, to attract a Man's Mind;
For I cannot for my Life apprehend, what Charms there can be in Worldly or Sensual Things, to attract a Man's Mind;
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what Fetters there can be in them, to bind his Thoughts, and tye them to themselves:
what Fetters there can be in them, to bind his Thoughts, and tie them to themselves:
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But that there are the fame, or greater, in Vertue and Goodness; in the Love and Favour of God;
But that there Are the fame, or greater, in Virtue and goodness; in the Love and Favour of God;
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in a Pure Conscience here, and Eternal Glory hereafter: Always provided, that they are as much made the Objects of our Choice and Pursuit, as the other.
in a Pure Conscience Here, and Eternal Glory hereafter: Always provided, that they Are as much made the Objects of our Choice and Pursuit, as the other.
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And therefore I cannot but suspect, where we see Men so very cold and backward to Spiritual Things;
And Therefore I cannot but suspect, where we see Men so very cold and backward to Spiritual Things;
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and so apt to spend all their Thoughts upon trifling, vain, or worldly Matters, that it is with a great deal of Pains and Reluctancy, that they can bring themselves to think of their Everlasting Concernments.
and so apt to spend all their Thoughts upon trifling, vain, or worldly Matters, that it is with a great deal of Pains and Reluctancy, that they can bring themselves to think of their Everlasting Concernments.
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I say, I cannot but suspect that these Persons have not yet laid up their Treasure in Heaven, as our Saviour expresseth it;
I say, I cannot but suspect that these Persons have not yet laid up their Treasure in Heaven, as our Saviour Expresses it;
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they have not yet so wholly devoted themselves to the Service of God, as to make it their Main Business. When once they have done that, I dare assure them, they will find it so far from being a force upon them, to think of good things, that it will be very natural to them;
they have not yet so wholly devoted themselves to the Service of God, as to make it their Main Business. When once they have done that, I Dare assure them, they will find it so Far from being a force upon them, to think of good things, that it will be very natural to them;
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and they will find the greatest Pleasure in the World in so doing.
and they will find the greatest Pleasure in the World in so doing.
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Secondly, Whoever would keep his Heart always in a good Frame, and be able to give a good Account of his Thoughts to God, must have an especial care to avoid two things, viz. Idleness and loose Company. For both of these do strangely unhinge a Man's Mind;
Secondly, Whoever would keep his Heart always in a good Frame, and be able to give a good Account of his Thoughts to God, must have an especial care to avoid two things, viz. Idleness and lose Company. For both of these do strangely unhinge a Man's Mind;
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and disarm it of that Severity, which is its best guard and defence against Evil Thoughts;
and disarm it of that Severity, which is its best guard and defence against Evil Thoughts;
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and make it become an easie prey to every Temptation that will attacque it.
and make it become an easy prey to every Temptation that will attack it.
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A wise Man should never be at such a pass, as to say, I have nothing to do, I do not know how to spend my next Hour:
A wise Man should never be At such a pass, as to say, I have nothing to do, I do not know how to spend my next Hour:
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But should so order the Course of his Life, that all the Portions of his Time,
But should so order the Course of his Life, that all the Portions of his Time,
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as much as is possible, may be filled with some useful, or at least some innocent Imployment.
as much as is possible, may be filled with Some useful, or At least Some innocent Employment.
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It is Idleness, and having nothing to do, that is, the Mother of most of those vain,
It is Idleness, and having nothing to do, that is, the Mother of most of those vain,
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and unprofitable, and sinful Fancies, in which some Men spend their days. And whereas Temptations do now and then come in the way of other Men;
and unprofitable, and sinful Fancies, in which Some Men spend their days. And whereas Temptations do now and then come in the Way of other Men;
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the Idle Man is forced to seek out Temptations for the shipwrack of his Vertue. And therefore no wonder, if he that seeks them, finds abundance of them.
the Idle Man is forced to seek out Temptations for the shipwreck of his Virtue. And Therefore no wonder, if he that seeks them, finds abundance of them.
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And truly Loose and Impertinent Conversation, which was the other thing I named, though it looks something with a better Grace,
And truly Lose and Impertinent Conversation, which was the other thing I nam, though it looks something with a better Grace,
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yet is not much better than Idleness.
yet is not much better than Idleness.
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For where-ever it is much used, it will so emasculate a Man's Mind, and take off the edge and vigour of it,
For wherever it is much used, it will so emasculate a Man's Mind, and take off the edge and vigour of it,
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as to serious things, that he cannot easily get it into a good Frame again. Evil Communication (saith St. Paul) doth corrupt good Manners.
as to serious things, that he cannot Easily get it into a good Frame again. Evil Communication (Says Saint Paul) does corrupt good Manners.
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And therefore those people, a great part of whose Life is taken up in gadding up and down; in Play; in merry Meetings;
And Therefore those people, a great part of whose Life is taken up in gadding up and down; in Play; in merry Meetings;
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in telling or hearing idle Stories, and the like:
in telling or hearing idle Stories, and the like:
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It is impossible but their Thoughts and Inclinations, and the whole Frame of their Hearts will be suitable;
It is impossible but their Thoughts and Inclinations, and the Whole Frame of their Hearts will be suitable;
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that is to say, very frothy; very light and foolish;
that is to say, very frothy; very Light and foolish;
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not to say, profane, and wicked, and Atheistical too, if the Company they much converse with, be of that strain.
not to say, profane, and wicked, and Atheistical too, if the Company they much converse with, be of that strain.
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Thirdly, Another thing of great moment, for the keeping our Hearts, is, to be as attentive as is possible to the first Motions of our Minds;
Thirdly, another thing of great moment, for the keeping our Hearts, is, to be as attentive as is possible to the First Motions of our Minds;
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and whenever we find that they tend toward something that is forbidden, to stop them as soon as we can.
and whenever we find that they tend towards something that is forbidden, to stop them as soon as we can.
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We cannot, as I told you before, often prevent irregular Desires, or Passions, or Inclinations, from arising in our Minds, upon sundry occasions. But this we can do:
We cannot, as I told you before, often prevent irregular Desires, or Passion, or Inclinations, from arising in our Minds, upon sundry occasions. But this we can do:
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As soon as we are aware of them, we can refuse our Consent to them; (and in that cafe I hope they will not be imputed to us as Sins;) Nay, not only so,
As soon as we Are aware of them, we can refuse our Consent to them; (and in that cafe I hope they will not be imputed to us as Sins;) Nay, not only so,
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but we can refuse their breaking out, or shewing themselves in our Words, or our Actions. For the Motions of our outward Members are all at our Command,
but we can refuse their breaking out, or showing themselves in our Words, or our Actions. For the Motions of our outward Members Are all At our Command,
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though the first Motions of our Minds be not.
though the First Motions of our Minds be not.
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Here therefore will lye a main Point in the Art of well governing our Minds and Thoughts.
Here Therefore will lie a main Point in the Art of well governing our Minds and Thoughts.
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You cannot perhaps, for instance, prevent a sudden Passion of Anger from rising in your Minds upon twenty Accidents:
You cannot perhaps, for instance, prevent a sudden Passion of Anger from rising in your Minds upon twenty Accidents:
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But as soon as you feel this Passion, you can thus far stifle it;
But as soon as you feel this Passion, you can thus Far stifle it;
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you can seal up your Mouth, so that the Passion shall not vent it self in unseemly Words;
you can seal up your Mouth, so that the Passion shall not vent it self in unseemly Words;
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And if you will withdraw that Fuel from the new-kindled Fire, it will soon be extinguished, and die.
And if you will withdraw that Fuel from the new-kindled Fire, it will soon be extinguished, and die.
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Whereas if you suffer it to break out in bitter Speeches and Expressions, it will flame beyond measure.
Whereas if you suffer it to break out in bitter Speeches and Expressions, it will flame beyond measure.
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Thus again, If any undecent, impure Fancies or Desires should be excited in you upon any occasion:
Thus again, If any undecent, impure Fancies or Desires should be excited in you upon any occasion:
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It was not perhaps in your power to keep them from coming into your Minds: But it is in your power to withdraw from the Temptation that caused them;
It was not perhaps in your power to keep them from coming into your Minds: But it is in your power to withdraw from the Temptation that caused them;
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and to endeavour to direct your Thoughts to some other Object;
and to endeavour to Direct your Thoughts to Some other Object;
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at least not to proceed one step in any outward Action towards the accomplishing of those Desires.
At least not to proceed one step in any outward Actium towards the accomplishing of those Desires.
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If you take this Course, the Disturbance of your Mind will soon cease, and you will return presently to your ordinary Temper.
If you take this Course, the Disturbance of your Mind will soon cease, and you will return presently to your ordinary Temper.
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And let me tell you this further; That by your being thus careful to resist and smother the first beginnings of Sin;
And let me tell you this further; That by your being thus careful to resist and smother the First beginnings of since;
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you will not only preserve, in a great measure, the Innocency of your Minds under the present Temptation;
you will not only preserve, in a great measure, the Innocency of your Minds under the present Temptation;
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but you will also have this farther advantage, that by this means, you increase your Power over your Thoughts, against the next time that the Temptation returns.
but you will also have this farther advantage, that by this means, you increase your Power over your Thoughts, against the next time that the Temptation returns.
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Every check you give to the first motions of Sin, makes the next assault of them the less furious.
Every check you give to the First motions of since, makes the next assault of them the less furious.
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And if you do constantly use your selves, thus to Guard and Watch over your Hearts;
And if you do constantly use your selves, thus to Guard and Watch over your Hearts;
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you will in time obtain such a Command over them, that you will not be troubled with a quarter of those irregular desires,
you will in time obtain such a Command over them, that you will not be troubled with a quarter of those irregular Desires,
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and passions, which heretofore upon several Occasions used to be kindled in you. By this Method you will strengthen your Faculties, and enlarge your Powers;
and passion, which heretofore upon several Occasions used to be kindled in you. By this Method you will strengthen your Faculties, and enlarge your Powers;
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and by degrees bring your selves to that happy Temper of Soul, that there will be no great War between the Law of your Members, and the Law of your Minds: But the World and the Flesh will be Crucified to you, as you are to them;
and by Degrees bring your selves to that happy Temper of Soul, that there will be no great War between the Law of your Members, and the Law of your Minds: But the World and the Flesh will be crucified to you, as you Are to them;
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that I may use St. Paul 's Expressions.
that I may use Saint Paul is Expressions.
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But then Fourthly, That you may be able not only to keep bad Thoughts out of your Minds;
But then Fourthly, That you may be able not only to keep bad Thoughts out of your Minds;
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but also to have a constant spring of good ones; there are some particular Exercises very proper for this purpose to be recommended.
but also to have a constant spring of good ones; there Are Some particular Exercises very proper for this purpose to be recommended.
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Such I mean as these, Converse with discreet and pious Persons; Reading good Books, especially the.
Such I mean as these, Converse with discreet and pious Persons; Reading good Books, especially the.
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Holy Scriptures; taking times of Meditation and Recollection; and above all, Fervent and Constant Prayer to God.
Holy Scriptures; taking times of Meditation and Recollection; and above all, Fervent and Constant Prayer to God.
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It is not to be told how every one of these things doth help to inspire us with good Thoughts and Purposes.
It is not to be told how every one of these things does help to inspire us with good Thoughts and Purposes.
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A little passage now and then, though but occasionally dropt in a Conversation, that is to the business of Vertue and Goodness, will supply us some times with matter for good Thoughts for a considerable while after What lasting Impressions then, do you think, would be left upon our Minds,
A little passage now and then, though but occasionally dropped in a Conversation, that is to the business of Virtue and goodness, will supply us Some times with matter for good Thoughts for a considerable while After What lasting Impressions then, do you think, would be left upon our Minds,
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if we made it our constant Exercise every day, to read or hear something out of the Bible, or some other good Book, with a design to grow Better thereby?
if we made it our constant Exercise every day, to read or hear something out of the bible, or Some other good Book, with a Design to grow Better thereby?
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But above all things, we must take care to be diligent and serious in our Applications to the Throne of Grace:
But above all things, we must take care to be diligent and serious in our Applications to the Throne of Grace:
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It is Hearty Prayer and Devotion, that when all is done, will prove the most Effectual Means,
It is Hearty Prayer and Devotion, that when all is done, will prove the most Effectual Means,
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for the keeping our Hearts steady to that which is Good, and securing them from the pollutions of the sensible Earthly Objects that do surround us.
for the keeping our Hearts steady to that which is Good, and securing them from the pollutions of the sensible Earthly Objects that do surround us.
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O therefore let us be constant in our Religious Offices.
Oh Therefore let us be constant in our Religious Offices.
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Nay, let us take every opportunity that our Affairs will allow us, of raising our Minds to God,
Nay, let us take every opportunity that our Affairs will allow us, of raising our Minds to God,
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and thanking him for his Infinite Love and Goodness to us;
and thanking him for his Infinite Love and goodness to us;
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and imploring the continual Influences of his Grace and Holy Spirit, and re-inforcing our Vows and Purposes of persevering in his Service.
and imploring the continual Influences of his Grace and Holy Spirit, and reinforcing our Vows and Purposes of persevering in his Service.
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By this means we shall come to lead Spiritual Lives indeed. Our Souls will be a perpetual Fountain of Good Thoughts.
By this means we shall come to led Spiritual Lives indeed. Our Souls will be a perpetual Fountain of Good Thoughts.
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And while we live here, our Conversation will be in Heaven.
And while we live Here, our Conversation will be in Heaven.
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For God and Christ, and the things above will have our Hearts, though the World hath our Bodies.
For God and christ, and the things above will have our Hearts, though the World hath our Bodies.
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But then, in the Fifth and last place, Notwithstanding what I have hitherto said, concerning the Diligence with which we are to keep our Hearts; yet this is always to be remembered, That with our Diligence we must be careful to join Discretion.
But then, in the Fifth and last place, Notwithstanding what I have hitherto said, Concerning the Diligence with which we Are to keep our Hearts; yet this is always to be remembered, That with our Diligence we must be careful to join Discretion.
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My Meaning is this, We must have a care not to intend our Thoughts immoderately, and more than our Tempers will bear, even to the best things:
My Meaning is this, We must have a care not to intend our Thoughts immoderately, and more than our Tempers will bear, even to the best things:
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But we must so keep our Hearts, as at the same time to preserve our Healths, and keep up the Vigour of our Minds.
But we must so keep our Hearts, as At the same time to preserve our Healths, and keep up the Vigour of our Minds.
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And the way to do that, is, Not to put them too much, or too long, upon the stretch at any one time:
And the Way to do that, is, Not to put them too much, or too long, upon the stretch At any one time:
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But to relax them when there is occasion, and to let them run out, and entertain themselves upon any thing that comes next to hand,
But to relax them when there is occasion, and to let them run out, and entertain themselves upon any thing that comes next to hand,
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so long as it is Innocent.
so long as it is Innocent.
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It is a vain thing to imagine, that we can always be thinking of our great Business;
It is a vain thing to imagine, that we can always be thinking of our great Business;
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or that we can always be a Praying, or Reading, or Meditating;
or that we can always be a Praying, or Reading, or Meditating;
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or, that, as our Condition is in this World, even the greater part of our Thoughts should be such as we call Devout and Religious Thoughts.
or, that, as our Condition is in this World, even the greater part of our Thoughts should be such as we call Devout and Religious Thoughts.
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God hath provided a great deal of other Business for us to apply our Minds to,
God hath provided a great deal of other Business for us to apply our Minds to,
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so long as we live in this World.
so long as we live in this World.
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And by minding that diligently and conscientiously, we do serve God as acceptably, as if we were Reading or Praying.
And by minding that diligently and conscientiously, we do serve God as acceptably, as if we were Reading or Praying.
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Nay even then, when we have no urgent Business upon our hands to take up our Minds, it is not necessary that we should be always thinking of Religion.
Nay even then, when we have no urgent Business upon our hands to take up our Minds, it is not necessary that we should be always thinking of Religion.
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Nor would I call every Thought, a vain, or an idle, or a sinful Thought, that hath not God,
Nor would I call every Thought, a vain, or an idle, or a sinful Thought, that hath not God,
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or our Spiritual Concernments for its Object.
or our Spiritual Concernments for its Object.
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Even the most Spiritually-minded among us, must oftentimes be content to be entertained with such Thoughts as our Company,
Even the most Spiritually minded among us, must oftentimes be content to be entertained with such Thoughts as our Company,
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or our Temper, or the present Circumstances we are in, do suggest to us.
or our Temper, or the present circumstances we Are in, do suggest to us.
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And provided those Thoughts be innocent, and do not intrench upon the Laws of Piety, and Purity, and Charity; be they otherwise very trifling and impertinent:
And provided those Thoughts be innocent, and do not entrench upon the Laws of Piety, and Purity, and Charity; be they otherwise very trifling and impertinent:
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I say, I would not look upon them as ill Thoughts, nor have any one angry at himself upon account of them.
I say, I would not look upon them as ill Thoughts, nor have any one angry At himself upon account of them.
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The truth of it is, So long as we consist of Bodies and Souls, we cannot always be thinking of serious things.
The truth of it is, So long as we consist of Bodies and Souls, we cannot always be thinking of serious things.
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They indeed are the Wisest that think of them most, but it is even dangerous to attempt to think of them always.
They indeed Are the Wisest that think of them most, but it is even dangerous to attempt to think of them always.
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For, as most Mens Constitutions are, that is the ready way to spoil the Habit of our Bodies,
For, as most Men's Constitutions Are, that is the ready Way to spoil the Habit of our Bodies,
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and by that means to render our Minds perfectly unfit for Thinking at all to any good Purposes.
and by that means to render our Minds perfectly unfit for Thinking At all to any good Purposes.
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Thus have I laid before you the Main Things wherein, as I do believe, the right Governing our Thoughts doth consist.
Thus have I laid before you the Main Things wherein, as I do believe, the right Governing our Thoughts does consist.
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And I doubt not, they are so safe, and so effectual, that whosoever will sincerely practise them,
And I doubt not, they Are so safe, and so effectual, that whosoever will sincerely practise them,
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as far as he can, will so keep his Heart, that the Issues from thence in his Life and Conversation will be Happy and Prosperous.
as Far as he can, will so keep his Heart, that the Issues from thence in his Life and Conversation will be Happy and Prosperous.
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I conclude all with the Collect of this Day.
I conclude all with the Collect of this Day.
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Almighty God, who seest that we have no power of our selves to help our selves;
Almighty God, who See that we have no power of our selves to help our selves;
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Keep us both outwardly in our Bodies, and inwardly in our Souls;
Keep us both outwardly in our Bodies, and inwardly in our Souls;
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that we may be defended from all Adversities which may happen to the Body, and from all EVIL THOUGHTS which may assault and hurt the Soul, through Jesus Christ our Lord. FINIS.
that we may be defended from all Adversities which may happen to the Body, and from all EVIL THOUGHTS which may assault and hurt the Soul, through jesus christ our Lord. FINIS.
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